crocodiles are the only reptiles having 4 chambered heart,flattened tail and body covered with scutes.hind limb is webbed and in this ppt you can discover all the facts about crocodile..hope you can enjoy
Aquatic mammals & their adaptation.fully aquatic mammal and amphibian aquatic...Anand P P
this slide animation and videos work mainly in power point 2013 version.the slide contain aquatic mammals and their evolutions.mainly evolutions and their adaptive mechanisms are also listed
Aquatic mammals & their adaptation.fully aquatic mammal and amphibian aquatic...Anand P P
this slide animation and videos work mainly in power point 2013 version.the slide contain aquatic mammals and their evolutions.mainly evolutions and their adaptive mechanisms are also listed
Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres. Fish usually migrate to feed or to reproduce, but in other cases the reasons are unclear.
Migrations involve the fish moving from one part of a water body to another on a regular basis. Some particular types of migration are anadromous, in which adult fish live in the sea and migrate into fresh water to spawn, and catadromous, in which adult fish live in fresh water and migrate into salt water to spawn.
Marine forage fish often make large migrations between their spawning, feeding and nursery grounds. Movements are associated with ocean currents and with the availability of food in different areas at different times of year. The migratory movements may partly be linked to the fact that the fish cannot identify their own offspring and moving in this way prevents cannibalism. Some species have been described by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as highly migratory species. These are large pelagic fish that move in and out of the exclusive economic zones of different nations, and these are covered differently in the treaty from other fish.
Salmon and striped bass are well-known anadromous fish, and freshwater eels are catadromous fish that make large migrations. The bull shark is a euryhaline species that moves at will from fresh to salt water, and many marine fish make a diel vertical migration, rising to the surface to feed at night and sinking to lower layers of the ocean by day. Some fish such as tuna move to the north and south at different times of year following temperature gradients. The patterns of migration are of great interest to the fishing industry. Movements of fish in fresh water also occur; often the fish swim upriver to spawn, and these traditional movements are increasingly being disrupted by the building of dams.
Introduction
Ostracoderms (shell-skinned) are of several groups of extinct, primitive, jawless fishes that were covered in an armour of bony plates.
They appeared in the Cambrian, about 510 million years ago, and became extinct towards the end of the Devonian, about 377 million years ago. They were quite abundant during the upper Silurian and Devonian periods. Most of fossils of Ostracodermi were preserved in the bottom sediments of freshwater streams.
However, the opinion is sharply divided as to whether their habitat was freshwater or marine.
The first fossil fishes that were discovered were ostracoderms.
The Swiss anatomist Louis Agassiz received some fossils of bony armored fish from Scotland in the 1830s.
The ostracoderms resembled the present day cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes) in many respects and together with them constitute a special group of jawless vertebrates, the Agnatha.
Characteristics: They use gills exclusively for respiration but not for feeding . Earlier chordates with gills used them for both respiration and feeding. Ostracoderms had separate pharyngeal gill pouches along the side of the head, which were permanently open with no protective operculum. mostly small to medium-sized fishes, protected by a heavy, bony dermal (derived from skin) armor. bottom-dwellers; filter-feeders or grazers. no paired fins, but many with stabilizing paired flaps on either side of head.
(1) Ostracoderms were the first vertebrates.
(2) They were popularly called armoured fishes.
(4) They lived in freshwater.
(5) They were bottom dwellers.
(6) Their body was fish-like and did not exceed 30 cm in size.
(7) Paired fins were absent.
(8) Median and caudal fins were present.
(9) The caudal fin was of heterocercal type.
(10) The head and thorax were covered by heavy armour of bones. It protected ostracoderms from the giant scorpion like arthropods, eurypterids.
(11) Bony skull was well developed.
(12) Mouth was mostly present on the ventral side.
(13) They were having large number of gill slits.
(14) The nervous system had 10 pairs of cranial nerves.
(15) The head had a pair of lateral eyes, and a median pineal eye.
(16) They were filter feeders, feeding like a vacuum cleaner.
(17) The endoskeleton was either bony or cartilaginous.
Rotifers are microscopic aquatic animals of the phylum Rotifera. Rotifers can be found in many freshwater environments and in moist soil, where they inhabit the thin films of water that are formed around soil particles.
Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres. Fish usually migrate to feed or to reproduce, but in other cases the reasons are unclear.
Migrations involve the fish moving from one part of a water body to another on a regular basis. Some particular types of migration are anadromous, in which adult fish live in the sea and migrate into fresh water to spawn, and catadromous, in which adult fish live in fresh water and migrate into salt water to spawn.
Marine forage fish often make large migrations between their spawning, feeding and nursery grounds. Movements are associated with ocean currents and with the availability of food in different areas at different times of year. The migratory movements may partly be linked to the fact that the fish cannot identify their own offspring and moving in this way prevents cannibalism. Some species have been described by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as highly migratory species. These are large pelagic fish that move in and out of the exclusive economic zones of different nations, and these are covered differently in the treaty from other fish.
Salmon and striped bass are well-known anadromous fish, and freshwater eels are catadromous fish that make large migrations. The bull shark is a euryhaline species that moves at will from fresh to salt water, and many marine fish make a diel vertical migration, rising to the surface to feed at night and sinking to lower layers of the ocean by day. Some fish such as tuna move to the north and south at different times of year following temperature gradients. The patterns of migration are of great interest to the fishing industry. Movements of fish in fresh water also occur; often the fish swim upriver to spawn, and these traditional movements are increasingly being disrupted by the building of dams.
Introduction
Ostracoderms (shell-skinned) are of several groups of extinct, primitive, jawless fishes that were covered in an armour of bony plates.
They appeared in the Cambrian, about 510 million years ago, and became extinct towards the end of the Devonian, about 377 million years ago. They were quite abundant during the upper Silurian and Devonian periods. Most of fossils of Ostracodermi were preserved in the bottom sediments of freshwater streams.
However, the opinion is sharply divided as to whether their habitat was freshwater or marine.
The first fossil fishes that were discovered were ostracoderms.
The Swiss anatomist Louis Agassiz received some fossils of bony armored fish from Scotland in the 1830s.
The ostracoderms resembled the present day cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes) in many respects and together with them constitute a special group of jawless vertebrates, the Agnatha.
Characteristics: They use gills exclusively for respiration but not for feeding . Earlier chordates with gills used them for both respiration and feeding. Ostracoderms had separate pharyngeal gill pouches along the side of the head, which were permanently open with no protective operculum. mostly small to medium-sized fishes, protected by a heavy, bony dermal (derived from skin) armor. bottom-dwellers; filter-feeders or grazers. no paired fins, but many with stabilizing paired flaps on either side of head.
(1) Ostracoderms were the first vertebrates.
(2) They were popularly called armoured fishes.
(4) They lived in freshwater.
(5) They were bottom dwellers.
(6) Their body was fish-like and did not exceed 30 cm in size.
(7) Paired fins were absent.
(8) Median and caudal fins were present.
(9) The caudal fin was of heterocercal type.
(10) The head and thorax were covered by heavy armour of bones. It protected ostracoderms from the giant scorpion like arthropods, eurypterids.
(11) Bony skull was well developed.
(12) Mouth was mostly present on the ventral side.
(13) They were having large number of gill slits.
(14) The nervous system had 10 pairs of cranial nerves.
(15) The head had a pair of lateral eyes, and a median pineal eye.
(16) They were filter feeders, feeding like a vacuum cleaner.
(17) The endoskeleton was either bony or cartilaginous.
Rotifers are microscopic aquatic animals of the phylum Rotifera. Rotifers can be found in many freshwater environments and in moist soil, where they inhabit the thin films of water that are formed around soil particles.
Saving our not so Furry Friends - Long live the freshwater crocodile by Anton...Art4Agriculture
This is the story of how Antonia found herself in the middle of nowhere wrestling crocs on a study with PhD student Ruchira Somaweera.
An experience that left her with more than an award winning thong tan on arrival back home to a little town called Sydney
Presentation made by a 1st ESO student. The aim of the task was describing their favourite animals, including what they eat, where they live, etc. Across the curriculum. English as a foreign language.
This is a PPT I made up to teach ESL students in Taiwan about an Aussie icon - Steve Irwin, AKA the Crocodile Hunter.
Accompanying video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sz4hVFy6H7w
This presentation is on Endangerd species of marine mammals and marine birds. Explain about bioligy,habitat,reproduction,threats and conservations of the animals.
Whale Shark The largest of all sharks and the largest living fish, the whale shark is one of the most dramatic views of the ocean. Its large size, distinctive patterns and its enormous mouth make it instantly recognizable and can be commonly seen wandering near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. Their diet is based mainly on plankton, but also regularly feed on small schooling fish and squid. Unlike basking sharks, which simply filter vast amounts of water as they swim, whale sharks actively suck their prey before filtering efficiently and are sometimes seen in groups, feeding on high concentrations of food. Regularly appear in the same places at specific times of the year, probably to capitalize on plankton blooms and events such as coral spawning.
Sea turtles are reptiles that live in the ocean.
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira.
They are cold blooded animals
Reptiles are tetrapod (four-limbed vertebrate) animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.
Threat of sea turtle Rajeev raghavan Kufos kerala Ashish sahu
Sea turtles, sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, Kemp's ridley sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, flatback sea turtle, and leatherback sea turtle.
Sea turtle, any of seven species of marine turtles belonging to the families Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtles) and Cheloniidae (green turtles, flatback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, hawksbills, and ridleys).
Seven different species of sea (or marine) turtles grace our ocean waters, from the shallow seagrass beds of the Indian Ocean, to the colorful reefs of the Coral Triangle, and even the sandy beaches of the Eastern Pacific. WWFs work on sea turtles focuses on five of those species: green, hawksbill, loggerhead, leatherback and olive ridley.
See more on worldwildlife.org
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Physiological characteristics
Crocodiles are large reptiles that live throughout the
tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia
Exothermic ,so maintain body temp. through
behavioural means
preferred body temperature =30–33 °C
4. The heart rate varies depending on the body
temperature.
10C - 1-8 beats per minute
18C - 15-20 bpm
28C - 24-40bpm
amphibious reptiles, spending part of their time in
water and part on land.
5. sexually dimorphic, with males much larger than females
solidly built, elongated, flattened snouts
laterally compressed tails
reduced limbs
front feet - five digits with little or no webbing
hind feet -four webbed digits and a rudimentary fifth.
6. eyes, ears and nostrils of crocodiles are at the top
of the head.
largest species- saltwater crocodile, found in
eastern India
Smallest species-dwarf african crocodile
7. skin -thick and cornified and non-overlapping scales known
as scutes, arranged in regular rows and patterns.
strengthened by bony plates known as osteoderms(back
and neck )
Crocodiles - slender snouts
alligators and caimans - mostly broad ones.
Gharials - extremely elongated.
9. Crocodilian teeth - blunt and dull to sharp and needle-
like
teeth of crocodiles and gharials visible than those of
alligators and caimans when the jaws are closed
Only non-mammalian
having tooth sockets
polyphyodonts , replace each of their approximately
80 teeth up to 50 times in their 35 to 75-year lifespan
10. Senses-
having good night vision and mostly nocturnal hunters
vertical-slit shaped pupils
a nictitating membrane can be drawn over the eye ,
thus protected under the water while a certain degree
of vision is still possible.
11. ears are adapted for hearing both in air
and underwater
tongue cannot move freely but is held in place
by a folded membrane.
produce vocalisations by vibrating three flaps
in the larynx
sense of smell is also well developed, aiding
them to detect prey or animal carcasses either on
land or in water, from far away.
12. Unlike other reptiles, a crocodile has a cerebral
cortex and a four-chambered heart
Salt glands are present in the tongues of crocodiles
Crocodiles do not have sweat glands and release heat
through their mouths.
They often sleep with their mouths open and may
pant like a dog
13. Hunting and diet
ambush predators, good swimmers
eat fish, amphibians, crustaceans, molluscs, birds, rep
-tile and mammals
.
14. slender snouted and fresh water crocodile- fish
eating
Nile crocodile & salt water crocodile-
buffalo,deer,wild boar
can survive long periods without food
have a very fast strike and are top predators in their
environment
as opportunistic predators, also prey upon young and
dying elephants and hippos
15. aggressive scavengers - feed upon carrion and steal
from other predators
feed by grabbing and holding onto their prey
having sharp teeth for piercing and holding onto flesh,
and powerful muscles to close the jaws and hold them
shut
16. very fast over short distances, even out of water.
The land speed record for a crocodile is 17 km/h
(11 mph)
may possess a form of homing instinct
17. belly run- body moves in a snake-like fashion, limbs
splayed out to either side paddling away frantically while
the tail whips to and fro. speeds = 10–11 km/h
High walk- holds its legs in a straighter and more
upright position under its body. walkspeed = 5km/h
18. Avg. Life span- 30 to 40 years
Behaviour-
the most social of reptiles
congregate in certain sections of rivers, during feeding
and basking
saltwater crocodile- highly territorial and aggressive
Social hierarchy-
the largest and heaviest males having access to the best
basking site
females are given priority during a group feeding of a big kill or
carcass
19. Vocalization-
Chirp: When about to hatch, the young make a
“peeping” noise, which encourages the female to
excavate the nest.
Distress call: A high-pitched call by younger animals
that alerts other crocodiles to imminent danger
Threat call: A hissing sound as a coughing noise.
Hatching call: Emitted by females when breeding to
alert other crocodiles that she has laid eggs in her nest.
Bellowing: Male crocodile does , when breeding groups
congregate in spring
20. Reproductional behaviour
Penis of male located at cloaca
Copulation takes place in water
Female mates only once a year
Lays hard shelled eggs in a hole or mound nests
Nest is prepared by females along the bank of river,lake
20 to 100 no of oval shaped eggs are laid
21. Avg. Incubation period-80 days
Female remains in the vicinity of nest & helps
emerging young by breaking Upon the eggs
Carry the hatchlings in to water
A group of hatchlings is called a
pod
Sex of the hatchling depends on incubation temp
Low temp-females
High temp-males
22. Symbiosis between crocodile & plover bird
Egyptian Plover bird- gets into
the crocodile's mouth and picks
out the tiny bits of food stuck in
his teeth.
eats them and completes her
diet.
This cleans the crocodile's
teeth and keeps his mouth fresh
and free from infections.
24. ALLIGATORS
Found in north america & china
2 species e.g 1.american alligator(Alligator
mississippiensis)
2.chinese alligator(A. sinensis)
Wider U shaped snouts
Fourth tooth of lower jaw is inside mouth and not
visible to outside
Hang out in fresh water marshes and lakes
25. CAIMAN
found inCentral and South America from marshes
and swamps to mangrove rivers and lakes.
have scaly skin and live a fairly nocturnal existence.
The black caiman - largest caiman species in the
world
found in the slow-moving rivers and lakes in the
Amazon basin.
27. GHARIALGAVIAL
SC. NAME-Gavialis gangeticus
Distribution-
Rivers ganga,mahanadi,indus & brahmaputra
Also found in arakan & irrawady rivers of myanmar
Habitat-deep pools at river junction
Features-
Length-12 to 15 feet
Colour-dark olive to brownish olive
Young having greyish brown colour with 5 transverse
bands on body and 9 on the tail
28. Very long & narrow snouts
Jaws armed eith more than 100 teeth
Males developes big outgrowth at tip of its snout,mora
pronounced in breeding season
Called as ghara
Reproduction-
Sexual maturity in males- 13 to 14 yrs
females- 10 yrs
Mating period- dec & jan.
Females dig nest with her hind legs in a sandy rever
bank
Puts her hind legs inside the nest & start laying eggs
29. Clutch consists of 40 chalky shelled eggs
Incubation temp-32 degree C to 34 degreeC
INCUBATION PERIOD-72 to 94 Days
Weight of young one-75 to 97 g
Basking during winter months is an imp. Behaviour
Life span-29 yrs in captivity
30. MARSH CROCODILEMUGGER
Fresh water crocodile
Sc. Name-Crocodylus palustris
Distribution-india,pakistan,sri lanka,myanmarnepal,iran
Habitat-
River,ponds,lakes
Features-
Length-4m
Weight-200kg
Colour-olive brown with specle of black
Below is white or yellowish
Having broad snouts
31. 4 prominent occipital scales behind head
Back armoured with 16 or 17 transverse and 6
longitudinal bony plates
Webbed toes
Reproduction-
Mating period- january to march
Females lay eggs in hole in sand,gravel on a river,stream
Clutch-3 to 40 no of eggs
Incubation period-60 to 90 days
33. ESTURINE CROCODILESALT WATER
CROCODILE
SC. NAME- crocodylus porusus
Distribution-india,srilanka,thailand,myanmar
In india found in coastal mangroove areas
Habitat-tidal estuaries of marine swamps,coastal
brackish water lakes
Features-
Length-5m
Weight-400kg
Colour-dark olive or brownish olive
Young have black markings above
Longer snout than marsh crocodile
Bony plates- 6 to 8
34. Reproduction-
sexual maturity-8 to 10 yrs
Mating –dry season
Females make nest composed of vegetation and mud
Clutch size-20 to 72 no of eggs
Incubation period-80 to 90 days
Weight of egg- 91 to 137 g
Behaviour-
More aquatic
Very territorial in nature
Large esturine crocodiles are known to be man eaters
sometimes
Life span-35 to 40 yrs
35. AMERICAN CROCODILE-
SC. NAME-Crocodylus acustus
Found in carribean islands and south
florida
greyish colour and a prominent V-shaped snout.
Prefers brackish water, exhibits regular sea-going
behaviour Diet -aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates.
conservation status-
Vulnerable
36. Slender snouted crocodile
sc. Name-Crocodylus cataphractus
Found in central and western africa
medium sized species with a narrow and elongated
snout.
Lives in freshwater habitats within tropical forests
of the continent.
diet-fish& small to medium sized vertebrates
37. Orinoco crocodile
Sc name-crocodylus intermedius
Found in columbia & venezuela
elongated snout and a pale tan coloration with
scattered dark brown markings.
Diet- variety of vertebrates, including large
mammals.
Conservation status-critically endangered
38. Morelet’s crocodile
Sc. Name-crocodylus morletti
Found in mexico
small to medium sized crocodile with a
rather broad snout
dark greyish-brown colour
freshwater habitats.
Diet- mammals, birds and reptiles.
listed as Least Concern
39. Cuban crocodile
Sc name-crocodylus rhombifer
Found in zapata and swamp of cuba
small but extremely aggressive
prefers freshwater swamps
the scales have a "pebbled" appearance
sometimes displays terrestrial hunting.
snout is broad with a thick upper-jaw and large teeth
sometimes displays pack-hunting
prey - small to medium sized vertebrates.
Critically Endangered
40. Nile crocodile
Sc name- crocodylus niloticus
Found in sub saharan africa
large and aggressive species with a broad snout,
especially in older animals.
dark bronze coloration and darkens as the animal
matures. Lives in a variety of freshwater habitats but is
also found in brackish water.
capable of taking a wide array of African vertebrates,
including large ungulates and other predatorsi
listed as Least Concern
42. Dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis)
found in western africa
smallest of all living crocodiles.
heavily armoured species with uniform black
coloration in adults
juveniles have a lighter brown banding.
Lives in the tropical forests of Western Africa.
diet-small vertebrates and large aquatic
invertebrates.
fairly terrestrial species and exhibits terrestrial
hunting, especially at night.
classified as Vulnerable
43. New guinea crocodile
Crocodylus novaeguineae
grey-brown colour and dark brown
to black markings on the tail.
young have a narrower V-shaped
snout that becomes wider as the
animal matures.
Prefers freshwater habitats, even
though is tolerant to salt water, in
order to avoid competition and
predation by the saltwater crocodile.
feeds on small to mid-sized
vertebrates.
44. Common diseases
very sensitive to stress
Viral diseaese-
Caiman pox
crocodile pox
adenoviral infection
Newcastle disease caused by
paramyxovirus
Eastern encephalitis virus,
influenza C virus
coronavirus infections
45. Bacterial diseases
salmonellosis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydiosis,
mycobacteriosis, Erysipelothrix infection, clostridiosis,
dermatophilosis and nonspecific septicaemia
Protozoal infections-
coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis,
hepatozoonosis, Progarnia sp.
infection, Trichomonas spp., Giardia sp.
and Leishmania sp., trypanosomiasis and infections
by Entamoeba sp. and Blastocystis sp.
47. Crocodile attacks in india
vicious animals known for their ferocious attacks, have attacked
humans for prey across many places in India
Years
August 2010
August 2013
July 2013
Dec 2012