This document summarizes several aquarium fish species, including their classification, key characteristics, and sexual dimorphism. It describes the guppy fish, molly fish, gold fish, angel fish, blue morph convict cichlid, rosy barb, and Indian hill trout. Each fish has distinguishing male and female physical traits and breeding behaviors.
Prawn farming plays an important role in the economy of India. Despite of several problems, the practice of prawn farming has offered opportunity to increase incomes for farmers and associated groups. The future for prawn farming is bright but requires dynamism to exploit fully. The realization of its potential must be aided by improvements in production technology and hatchery operation. In addition, research in areas such as seed and feed production may need to be given particular attention, considering existing technology, the transfer, adaption and development of new technology.
Setting an aquarium is an important steps to maintaining healthy ornamental fishes. It gives mind relaxation and peaceful. It is a hobby and reduces the stress also
Prawn farming plays an important role in the economy of India. Despite of several problems, the practice of prawn farming has offered opportunity to increase incomes for farmers and associated groups. The future for prawn farming is bright but requires dynamism to exploit fully. The realization of its potential must be aided by improvements in production technology and hatchery operation. In addition, research in areas such as seed and feed production may need to be given particular attention, considering existing technology, the transfer, adaption and development of new technology.
Setting an aquarium is an important steps to maintaining healthy ornamental fishes. It gives mind relaxation and peaceful. It is a hobby and reduces the stress also
Parental care is any behavior pattern in which a parent invests time or energy in feeding and protecting its offspring.
Parental care is a form of altruism since this type of behaviour involves increasing the fitness of the offspring at the expense of the parents.
The evolution of parental care is beneficial as it facilitates offspring performance traits that are ultimately tied to offspring fitness.
Parental care is evolved in those organism which produce limited no. of eggs to ensure the continuity of their race.
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
Pearl is mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite in minute crystalline form, which has been deposited in concentric layers produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusc or another animal, such as a conulariid.
TYPES, Environmental conditions, STEPS IN PEARL FARMING , Pearl Quality, Uses of Pearl.
Fish culture is classified based on the number of fish species as monoculture and polyculture. This is the culture of single species of fish in a pond or tank. The culture of trout, tilapia, catfish , carps are typical examples of monoculture.
Parental care is any behavior pattern in which a parent invests time or energy in feeding and protecting its offspring.
Parental care is a form of altruism since this type of behaviour involves increasing the fitness of the offspring at the expense of the parents.
The evolution of parental care is beneficial as it facilitates offspring performance traits that are ultimately tied to offspring fitness.
Parental care is evolved in those organism which produce limited no. of eggs to ensure the continuity of their race.
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
Pearl is mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite in minute crystalline form, which has been deposited in concentric layers produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusc or another animal, such as a conulariid.
TYPES, Environmental conditions, STEPS IN PEARL FARMING , Pearl Quality, Uses of Pearl.
Fish culture is classified based on the number of fish species as monoculture and polyculture. This is the culture of single species of fish in a pond or tank. The culture of trout, tilapia, catfish , carps are typical examples of monoculture.
crocodiles are the only reptiles having 4 chambered heart,flattened tail and body covered with scutes.hind limb is webbed and in this ppt you can discover all the facts about crocodile..hope you can enjoy
This presentation is on Endangerd species of marine mammals and marine birds. Explain about bioligy,habitat,reproduction,threats and conservations of the animals.
India is home to over 700 freshwater fish. These include catfish, loaches barbs Channas (Snake head) gobies, etc. The majority of species are native to just two areas namely that of the Western Ghats and the North East. Each year new species are identified and identified. Of all freshwater fish Indian barbs Channa as well as Cichlid fish are well-known worldwide and many hobbyists would prefer keeping the fish in their aquarium. There are over 1500 species of Cichlid that can be found around the world, however, there are just three species indigenous to India. They all share an incredibly similarity in appearance to Madagascan Paretropline Cichlids. * Etroplus suratensis Pseudetroplus maculatus Etroplus canarensis * Tank Size to hold this species of fish is an aquarium that has dimensions of base 48x25 inches. For Etroplus suratensis it is 60x24 inches.
Hill areas offer good scope for the development- of fisheries—both for commercial and sport purposes.
The coldwater fishery resources in India comprise high and mid-altitude lakes, rivers, streams, their tributaries and reservoirs dammed across such rivers.
The importance of coldwater fisheries lies in their unique biodiversity, valuable germplasm and maintenance of environmental quality in hills.
Coldwater fishes breed naturally but since some species have been listed as endangered, therefore artificial breeding is now being practiced to restore the diversity.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. BIOLOGY OF AQUARIUM FISHES
• Guppy fish
• Molly fish
• Gold fish
• Angel fish
• Blue morph
• Puntius conchonius
• Barilius bendelisis
Common
Character and
sexual
dimorphism of
Fresh water
and Marine
water fishes
such as:-
By-
3. Guppy fish
Characters:-
The guppy, also known as million fish and rainbow fish.
It is the world most widely distributed tropical fish.
It is freshwater fish species.
Highly adaptable.
Male guppies, which are smaller than female have ornamental
caudal and dorsal fins.
Wild guppies, generally feed on a variety of food source, including
benthic algae and aquatic insect larvae.
Guppies have been introduced to many different countries on every
continent except Antarctica.
Used for mosquito control.
No parental care found.
Schooling is more favoured.
4. Guppy fish
Sexual Dimorphism:-
Guppies exhibit sexual dimorphism.
The wild type female body color grey and male body have splashes, spots,
or stripes.
The size of guppies in male 1.5 -3.5cm and in female 3 -6cm.
A variety of guppy strains are produced by breeders through selective
breeding .
Guppies have 23 pairs of chromosomes, including one pair of sex
chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes.
2 or 3 generations of guppies per year occur in the wild.
Young guppies school together and preform antipredator tactics.
Brood size is extremely variable.
Total lifespan of guppies in the wild varies greatly, but it is typically around
2 years.
During reproduction female guppies have enlarged and darkened gravid
spot near anal vents.
Male guppies mature in 7 weeks or less.
6. Molly fish
Characters:-
Molly inhabit fresh water streams and marine waters of Mexico and
coastal brackish.
The wild-type fishes are dull, silvery in color.
The male mollies generally tend to be mildly aggressive.
Hardly and highly adaptable.
Have high growth rate, reproduction and brood number is high.
Mollies are similar in appearance to their live bearer.
Molly tends to be slightly larger and more energetic.
Omnivorous.
Continuous breeding through the year.
Standard size of male fish is 8cm and female fish is 12cm.
Molly can produce fertile hybrids.
7. Molly fish
Sexual Dimorphism:-
The molly fish sexual dimorphism exist whereby females are usually larger
than males, which is common in the Poecilidae family.
Males use the colourful dorsal and caudal fins as secondary sexual features
to attract females.
Female have a dark patch that appears between the abdomen and the anal
fin.
Fertilization occurs internally and is accomplished via highly modified anal
fins of males called the gonopodium.
Poecilia sphenops produce broods of 10-140 live young, the number of
which produce depending on the maturity and size of females.
Gestation periods may vary between 3-4 weeks, depending upon
temperature.
The young mollies stay in groups of similar sized fish.
8. GOLD FISH
Classification:-
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Actinopterygii
Order – Cypriniforms
Family – Cyprinidae
Subfamily – Cyprininae
Genus – Carassius
Species - auratus
9. Gold fish
Characters:-
Gold fish are long-lived fish species.
Native to East-Asia.
It’s freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniforms.
Omnivores in diet and eat plants, insects, zooplankton and small
crustaceans.
Egg-layers.
The goldfish generally have two sets of paired fins.
a) Pelvic fins.
b) Pectoral fins.
The goldfish have 3 single fins – the dorsal fin, anal fin, and caudal
fin.
They have no scales on their head, and they also lack barbels on the
upper jaw.
10. Gold fish
Sexual Dimorphism:-
Gold fish grow to sexual maturity with enough water and
the right nutrition.
Gold fish breed in captivity, particularly in pond setting.
Males chase gravid female goldfish, and prompt them to
release their eggs by bumping and nudging them.
Egg-laying.
The eggs hatch within 48 to 72 hours.
Gold fish can no longer breed naturally due to their altered
shape.
The artificial breeding method called “hand stripping”.
11. ANGEL FISH
Classification:-
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Actinopterygii
Order – Cuculiformes
Family – Cichlidae
Tribe – Heroini
Genus – Pterophyllum
Species - scalaris
12. Angel fish
Characters:-
Freshwater angelfish have tall vertical dorsal fins and long vertical anal fins.
Native to Tropical south America.
The angelfish shaped are laterally compressed with round bodies and elongate
triangular dorsal and anal fins.
Carnivorous in diet.
Egg-laying.
Brood care is highly developed.
Angelfish are a group of peaceful but sometimes aggressive freshwater cichlid.
Angelfish are easy to care and live up 10 years.
Angelfish should be kept in a warm aquarium, with a temperature that remains
around 78 to 80◦F.
Angelfish will flourish if they are fed a mixture of flake, live and frozen foods such as
brine shrimp, mosquito larvae and bloodworms.
Angelfish are especially sensitive to poor water quality.
13. Angel fish
Sexual Dimorphism:-
Angel fish reaches sexual maturity at the age of 6 to 12 months or
more.
The pair is capable of spawning every 7 to 10 days.
Around the age of three years, spawning frequency decreases and
eventually ceases.
When the pair is ready to spawn, they choose an appropriate
medium upon which to lay the eggs, and spend one to two days
picking off detritus and algae from the surface.
The female deposits a line of eggs on the spawning substrate,
followed by the male, which fertilizes the eggs.
The eggs hatch and the fry remain attached to the spawning
substrate.
At the free swimming stage, the fry can be fed suitable sized live
food.
14. BLUE MORPH
Classification:-
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Actinopterygii
Order – Cichliformes
Family – Cichlidae
Genus – Amatitlania (Convict)
Species – nigrofasciata (cichlid)
15. Blue morph
Characters:-
The Convict cichlid is a fish species from the family Cichlidae.
Native to Central America.
Commonly known as the Zebra cichlid.
Omnivorous in diet consists of crustaceans, small fish, insects, worms,
plants and algae.
It is a biparental species.
It is to be highly aggressive and territorial.
Convict cichlid prefer moving water.
The daily water temperature range from 26-29◦C.
Convict cichlid can be relatively tolerant of cool water.
A pair of convicts should kept in a 20-gallon aquarium or larger.
Convict cichlid are aggressively territorial during breeding and pairs are
kept alone.
Brood care is reduced in aquarium strains.
16. Blue morph
Sexual Dimorphism:-
The Convict cichlid can reach sexual maturity as
young as 16 weeks, though sexual maturity more
commonly occurs at 6 months.
The egg hatch approximately 72 hours after
fertilization.
Brood care of eggs, larvae and free-swimming
juveniles in the wild can last 4-6 weeks.
Both parents remain involved in guarding the fry
from brood predators.
The male and female may each obtain a territory
before pairing with each other.
17. Puntius conchonius
Classification:-
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Actinopterygii
Order – Cypriniforms
Family – Cyprinidae
Subfamily – Barbinae
Genus – Puntius
Species - conchonius
18. Puntius conchonius
Characters:-
Puntius conchonius commonly known as rosy barb.
It is a subtropical freshwater cyprinidae fish found in southern Asia from Afghanistan to
Bangladesh.
Omnivorous in diet consists of worms, insects, crustaceans, and plant matter.
They have a lifespan of up to 5 years.
Their natural habitat has a pH of 6 to 8, a water hardness of 5-19dGH, and a temperature
range of 64-72◦F (18-22◦C).
The rosy barb is an active, peaceful species well-suited for a community aquarium.
It can be kept together with other small fish but can be aggressive toward other fish and
nip their fins.
They will eat most foods provided to them.
They are kept in groups of 5 or more in an aquarium with a length of at least 76cm (30
inches).
They usually reach a maximum size of 10.2 cm(4 inches).
Using a dark-coloured gravel will show off the color of the fish.
The species of barbs used to create hybrid versions of “tiger barbs”.
19. Puntius conchonius
Sexual Dimorphism:-
During breeding season the male has a brighter pinkish colour and the
female is slightly plumper.
These species grows up to 14cm in length.
Females do not have any black colour in their fins while males do.
They may weigh up to 340g when fully grown but can weigh much
less during adolescence.
They are mature at 63.5mm (2.5inches).
When the female is ready to spawn, she will appear swollen with
eggs.
Eggs are usually deposited in groups.
The young hatch in 24 to 36 hours, depending on water temperature.
21. Barilius bendelisis
Characters:-
Barilius bendelisis commonly known as Indian Hill Trout.
Native to India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri
Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand.
Breeding season is March to May depending on
environmental temperature.
Males shows territorial behaviour.
Parental care is not shown by the fishes.
22. Barilius bendelisis
Sexual Dimorphism:-
Species shows well developed sexual dimorphism characters during breeding
period.
Males are brighter in colour, develops breeding tubercles on snout and lower
jaw region.
Operculum is more elongated in males.
Female are dull in coloration and have smooth snout.
Incubation of eggs take place in the nest pits and after 3-4 days free
swimming hatchlings come out from the nest.
Breeding is observed in the month of January to May and August to
December.
The fertilized eggs are pale yellow in colour and have a diameter of 2.1 to
2.5mm in size.
Hatching took place within 50-60hours at 20-22◦C.