Everything you need to know about Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering in one video. I went through all the notes and compiled all the important info in this ppt. All the things you need to know about this chapter is all in this presentation. Hoping this is useful to you guys.
this is about a topic which is very important for the students in 8th class and all should concerntrate on this topic and for plants i have made a good explanation in a better way for you.i will wait for your comments in this topic see you soon .after seeing the ppt please try to make another ppt for your better understanding.
IGCSE Biology 0610 - Introduction to Biology - Characteristics of living orga...Vasiliki Makrygianni
IGCSE Biology 0610/ Syllabus 2020-2022/
Coursebook: Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook (third edition), Mary Jones and Geoff Jones, Cambridge University Press.
note: free to share and use ...is designed for level B1-B2. cheers,...
Genetics course notes for 6-7-8-9 grade life science, Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction, also mitosis vs meiosis, Organization from the Human body to cell nucleus, DNA, gene, Alleles and protein creation. Homozygous dominant/recessive and Heterozygous w/example. Mutations Lock and key analogy. Punnet squares and pedigree problems
AS Level Biology - 5/6) Mitotic Cell Cycle and Protein SynthesisArm Punyathorn
The mitotic cell cycle and the synthesis of proteins by DNA transcription and translation is one of the most puzzling processes in Biology. It is such a fundamental process for life and yet its true mechanism may still be a mystery. However, the fascinating complexity makes it one of the most interesting topics to study in Biology.
Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism. This may involve changing a single base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a region of DNA or adding a new segment of DNA. For example, genetic engineering may involve adding a gene from one species to an organism from a different species to produce a desired trait. Used in research and industry, genetic engineering has been applied to the production of cancer therapies, brewing yeasts, genetically modified plants and livestock, and more.
Enzymes are important
proteins found in living
things. An enzyme is a
protein that changes the
rate of a chemical reaction.
• They speed metabolic
reactions.
this is about a topic which is very important for the students in 8th class and all should concerntrate on this topic and for plants i have made a good explanation in a better way for you.i will wait for your comments in this topic see you soon .after seeing the ppt please try to make another ppt for your better understanding.
IGCSE Biology 0610 - Introduction to Biology - Characteristics of living orga...Vasiliki Makrygianni
IGCSE Biology 0610/ Syllabus 2020-2022/
Coursebook: Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook (third edition), Mary Jones and Geoff Jones, Cambridge University Press.
note: free to share and use ...is designed for level B1-B2. cheers,...
Genetics course notes for 6-7-8-9 grade life science, Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction, also mitosis vs meiosis, Organization from the Human body to cell nucleus, DNA, gene, Alleles and protein creation. Homozygous dominant/recessive and Heterozygous w/example. Mutations Lock and key analogy. Punnet squares and pedigree problems
AS Level Biology - 5/6) Mitotic Cell Cycle and Protein SynthesisArm Punyathorn
The mitotic cell cycle and the synthesis of proteins by DNA transcription and translation is one of the most puzzling processes in Biology. It is such a fundamental process for life and yet its true mechanism may still be a mystery. However, the fascinating complexity makes it one of the most interesting topics to study in Biology.
Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism. This may involve changing a single base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a region of DNA or adding a new segment of DNA. For example, genetic engineering may involve adding a gene from one species to an organism from a different species to produce a desired trait. Used in research and industry, genetic engineering has been applied to the production of cancer therapies, brewing yeasts, genetically modified plants and livestock, and more.
Enzymes are important
proteins found in living
things. An enzyme is a
protein that changes the
rate of a chemical reaction.
• They speed metabolic
reactions.
As part of the IFPRI Egypt Seminar in partnership with the National Nutrition Committee: "the 100 million healthy lives initiative: Food availability, access and consumption patterns in Egypt"
learn more about Biotechnology.This is to provide more information on biotechnology.If there is mistake or any wrong information on this document please help in editing and correcting ,, please recommend and make comments ,,email me on phetogovanik@gmail.com visit this platform to contact me https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiP_VAjlcmV3eoaWhQV7dQw watch daily and help me to grow
yogurt as a milk product fermented by two bacterial strains: a lactic acid pr...Meenakshi Muthuswamy
yogurt as a milk product fermented by two bacterial strains: a lactic acid producing bacteria: Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophiles.
presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM
university of education LAHORE Pakistan
i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore
bsc in science college multan
msc from lahore
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2. Use of Bacteria
• Can be used to produce foods and other useful
substances.
• Most common type of microorganism used in
biotechnology
• Capable of producing complex molecules Example:
certain bacteria added to milk produce enzymes that turn
the milk into yoghurt
• Same genetic code
• Rapid reproduction rate
• No ethical concerns over their manipulation and growth
• Presence of plasmids
3. Bio fuels
•Yeast is a single celled
fungus that uses sugar as
its food source
•When it respires, ethanol
and carbon dioxide are
produced (and energy is
released)
4. Bread Making
When making bread, flour is mixed
with water to make a dough. Flour
contains starch and some of this
breaks down to the sugar maltose
when the flour is moistened. Yeast is
added to the dough and breaks down
the sugar as it respires.
There is air in dough , so the yeast
respires aerobically at first, until all the
oxygen is used up. The carbon
dioxide produced by the yeast during
respiration is caught in the dough,
causing the bread to rise
5. Fruit Juice production
• Fruit juice is produced by squeezing the fruits to remove the juice
• Chopping the fruit up before squeezing helps to release a lot more juice, but this does not
break open all the cells so a lot of juice is lost
• By adding an enzyme called pectinase to the chopped up fruit, more juice is released
• Pectinase works by breaking down a chemical called pectin that is found inside plant cell
walls
• Once pectin is broken down, the cell walls break more easily and more juice can be
squeezed out of the fruit
• Adding pectinase to fruits also helps to produce a clearer juice as larger polysaccharides like
pectin can make the juice seem cloudy – once they are broken down into smaller molecules,
the juice becomes clearer. The sugars produced also makes the juice sweeter.
6. Biological Washing Powders
• Many stains on clothes are organic molecules – oil from skin, protein from blood, fat and protein from food
• Detergents that only contain soap can remove some of these stains when mixed with hot water, but it can
take a lot of time and effort and very high temperatures to remove the stains entirely
• Biological washing powders contain enzymes similar to the digestive enzymes produced in the alimentary
canal that help to break down large food molecules
• Using biological washing powders has several advantages, including:
• Quickly breaking down large, insoluble molecules such as fats and proteins into smaller, soluble
ones that will dissolve in washing water
• They are effective at lower temperatures, meaning less energy (and money) has to be used in order to
wash clothes to get them clean as washing water does not need to be heated to higher temperatures
• They can be used to clean delicate fabrics that would not be suitable for washing at high temperatures
7. Production of
Lactose-Free Milk
• Lactose is a type of disaccharide sugar which is
found in milk and diary products.
• Babies are born with the ability to produce
lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose.
• Many people lose the ability to produce lactase
as they get older and suffer from lactose
intolerance, a digestive problem where the body
does not produce enough of the enzyme lactase.
Symptoms of lactose intolerance include nausea,
flatulence and diarrhoea as their digestive system
is upset by the lactose
• Milk can be made lactose free by adding the
enzyme lactase to it and leaving it to stand for a
while to allow the enzyme to break down the
lactose
8. Genetic
Engineering
• Genetic engineering
is changing the genetic material
of an organism by removing,
changing or inserting individual
genes from another organism
• The organism receiving the
genetic material is said to
be genetically modified.
• The DNA of the organism that
now contains DNA from another
organism as well is known
as ‘recombinant DNA.
9. Applications of
Genetic
engineering
• The gene for human insulin has
been inserted into bacteria which
then produce human insulin
• Crop plants genetically modified to
contain a gene from a bacterium
that produces a poison that kills
insects.
• Crop plants have also been
genetically modified to make
them resistant to certain herbicides
• Insertion of genes into crop plants
to provide additional vitamins.
Example: Golden rice
10. Process of Genetic Engineering
• First the gene that is to be
inserted is in the original
organism. For example, this could
be the gene for human insulin.
• Then Restriction enzymes are
used to isolate, the required gene,
leaving it with sticky genes and A
bacterial plasmid is also cut by the
same restriction enzyme leaving
sticky ends.
11. The plasmid and the isolated gene
are joined together by DNA ligase
enzyme. If two pieces of DNA
have matching sticky
ends (because they have been cut
by the same restriction enzyme),
DNA ligase will link them to form a
single, unbroken molecule of DNA
• The genetically engineered plasmid
is inserted into a bacterial cell
• When the bacteria reproduce
the plasmids are copied as well and
so a recombinant plasmid
can quickly be spread as the
bacteria multiply and they will then
all express the gene.