Micro-organisms are well known for their ability to break down a huge range of organic compounds and absorb inorganic substances. Currently, microbes are used to clean up pollution treatment in processes known as ‘bioremediation’.
• Bioremediation – process of cleaning up environmental sites contaminated with chemical pollutants by using living organisms to degrade hazardous materials into less toxic substances
• Bioremediation – process of cleaning up environmental sites contaminated with chemical pollutants by using living organisms to degrade hazardous materials into less toxic substances
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
Subtopics
Bio remediation in hot and cold environments
Use of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
Bio remediation using fungi from soil samples
Bio remediation using bacteria and case studies
•Introduction of bioremediation: Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc.
•In situ bioremediation:
It involves a direct approach for the microbial
degradation of xenobiotics at the sites of pollution
(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
•Ex situ bioremediation:
Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
•Microorganisms use in bioremediation:
A number of naturally occurring marine microbes
such as Pseudomonas sp. is capable of degrading oil and other hydrocarbons.
•Factors affecting bioremediation:
Nutrient availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, contaminant availability.
•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
Sharma P.D. Environmental Microbiology. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
"Remediate" means to solve a problem, and "bio-remediate" means to use biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater.
Bioremediation means to use a biological remedy to abate or clean up contamination.
According to the EPA, bioremediation is a “treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances”.
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
Subtopics
Bio remediation in hot and cold environments
Use of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
Bio remediation using fungi from soil samples
Bio remediation using bacteria and case studies
•Introduction of bioremediation: Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc.
•In situ bioremediation:
It involves a direct approach for the microbial
degradation of xenobiotics at the sites of pollution
(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
•Ex situ bioremediation:
Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
•Microorganisms use in bioremediation:
A number of naturally occurring marine microbes
such as Pseudomonas sp. is capable of degrading oil and other hydrocarbons.
•Factors affecting bioremediation:
Nutrient availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, contaminant availability.
•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
Sharma P.D. Environmental Microbiology. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
"Remediate" means to solve a problem, and "bio-remediate" means to use biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater.
Bioremediation means to use a biological remedy to abate or clean up contamination.
According to the EPA, bioremediation is a “treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances”.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation refers to the use of either naturally occurring or
deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down
environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site.
The process of bioremediation enhances the rate of the natural
microbial degradation of contaminants by supplementing the
indigenous microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) with nutrients, carbon
sources, or electron donors (biostimulation, biorestoration) or by
adding an enriched culture of microorganisms that have specific
characteristics that allow them to degrade the desired contaminant at
a quicker rate (bioaugmentation).
It is a cleaning process that degrades dangerous contaminants using
naturally existing microbes. These bacteria may consume and
degrade organic chemicals as a source of food and energy, degrade
organic substances that are dangerous to living creatures, including
humans, and degrade the organic pollutants into inert products.
Because the bacteria already exist in nature, they offer no pollution
concern
Bioremediation is the use of
microorganisms or microbial processes
to detoxify and degrade environmental
contaminants.
Microorganisms have been used for the
routine treatment and transformation
of waste products for several decades
Bioremediation strategies rely on
having the correct microorganisms in
the right location at the right time in the
right environment for degradation to
occur. The appropriate microorganisms
are bacteria and fungi that have the
physiological and metabolic
competence to breakdown pollutants
Objective of Bioremediation
The objective of bioremediation is to decrease pollutant levels to
undetectable, nontoxic, or acceptable levels, i.e., within regulatory
limits, or, ideally, to totally mineralize organopollutants to carbon
dioxide
BIOREMEDIATION AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION
Bioremediation is defined as ‘the process of using microorganisms to remove
the environmental pollutants where microbes serve as scavengers’.
• The removal of organic wastes by microbes leads to environmental clean-up.
The other names/terms used for bioremediation are biotreatment,
bioreclamation, and biorestoration.
• The term “Xenobiotics” (xenos means foreign) refers to the unnatural, foreign
and synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides, herbicides, refrigerants, solvents
and other organic compounds.
• The microbial degradation of xenobiotics also helps in reducing the
environmental pollution. Pseudomonas which is a soil microorganism
effectively degrades xenobiotics.
• Different strains of Pseudomonas that are capable of detoxifying more than
100 organic compounds (e.g. phenols, biphenyls, organophosphates,
naphthalene, etc.) have been identified.
• Some other microbial strains are also known to have the capacity to degrade
xenobiotics such as Mycobacterium, Alcaligenes, Norcardia, etc.
Factors affecting biodegradation
The factors that affect the
biodegradation are:
• the chemical nature of
xenobiotics,
• the conc
Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments.
This ppt contains all types of Microbial Bioremediation methods . Everyone can understand clearly . Explaining with neat pictures and animation . Useful for presentation about Microbes in bioremediation . At last it contains a small animated video which helps to get clear view .
BIOREMEDIATION?
What Is BIOREMEDIATION?
Potential hazards
Mechanism of Bioremediation
Types Of Bioremediation
CONTAMINANTS ..BREAK DOWN BIOREMEDIATION
Microorganisms (Pure cultures) helpful in bioremediation
BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
In situ bioremediation Techniques
.BIOVENTING
BIOAUGMENTATION
BIOSPARGING
Ex situ bioremediation Techniques
LAND FARMING
COMPOSTING
BIOREACTORS
Advantages of Bioremediation
Disadvantages to Bioremediation
Similar to Bioremediation - A METHOD TO SAVE EARTH (20)
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2. WHAT IS BIOREMEDIATION?
• "Remediate" means to solve a problem, and
"bioremediate" means to use biological organisms to
solve an environmental problem such as contaminated
soil or groundwater.
• Bioremediation means to use a biological remedy to
abate or clean up contamination.
• Bioremediation is a waste management technique that
involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize
pollutants from a contaminated site.
• According to the EPA, bioremediation is a “treatment that
uses naturally occurring organisms to break down
3.
4. HOW DOES IT WORK?
• Waste material is examined & certain bacteria are
isolated based on their efficacy at digesting and
converting the waste.
• Indigenous or local bacteria is to be used!
•The bacteria then go through several steps of cultures
and process for performance testing.
•The suitable bacteria are placed back in the waste
environment. • They grow & thrive & in the process digest
& convert the waste into Carbon dioxide & water.
•The right temperature, nutrients, and food also must be
present.
5.
6. ESSENTIAL FACTORS FOR MICROBIAL
BIOREMEDIATION
Factor Desired Conditions
Microbial population Suitable kinds of organisms that can
biodegrade all of the contaminants
Oxygen Enough to support aerobic biodegradation
(about 2% oxygen in the gas phase or 0.4
mg/liter in the soil water)
Water Soil moisture should be from 50–70% of the
water holding capacity of the soil
Nutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other
nutrients to support good microbial growth
Temperature Appropriate temperatures for microbial growth
(0–40˚C)
pH Best range is from 6.5 to 7.5
7. TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION :
1.
Biostimulation
• The method in which bacteria are
• motivated to start the process of
• bioremediation.
• • In this method, first the experts
• release nutrients and other
• important substances in the soil
• where there is need or removing the
• contaminants.
• • These are in the form of gas or
• liquid. It increases the growth of
• microbes in that area.
• • As a result bacteria and other
• microorganisms remove the
• contaminants quickly and efficiently.
Bioaugmentatio
n
• Microorganisms that can clean up
• a particular contaminant are
• added to the contaminated soil
• and water.
• • Bioaugmentation is more
• commonly and successfully used
• on contaminants removed from
• the original site, such as
• municipal waste water treatment
• facilities.
Intrinsic
bioremediation
•Process takes place in soil and
water
•because these two places are
always
•full of contaminants and toxins.
•• This process is also called as
natural
8.
9. Bioremediati
on
In situ
- At the site
-Treatment of contaminated
material in place
-only certain types of soils can be
bioremediated in-situ
- complete degradation is often
difficult to
achieve
Ex situ
-Away from site
-Techniques involve physical
removal of the contaminated
material for treatment process
-use of bioreactors to process the
material in a highly controlled
environment.
10. several specific bacteria species known to
participate in bioremediation.
Pseudomonas putida.
Dechloromonas aromatica.
Deinococcus radiodurans.
Methylibium petroleiphilum.
Alcanivorax borkumensis.
Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
11. Advantages Disadvantages
Low cost Time consuming.
Seasonal variation
Minimal site disruption Problematic addition of additives
Simultaneous treatment of contaminated water
and soil.
Limited to those compounds that are
biodegradable.
Minimal exposure of public & site personnel. Not all compounds are susceptible to rapid
and complete degradation.
Useful for the complete destruction of a wide
variety of contaminants.
There are some concerns that the products
of biodegradation may be more persistent or
toxic than the parent compound
Can often be carried out on site, often without
causing a major disruption of normal activities
difficult to extrapolate (deduce) from bench
and pilot-scale studies to fullscale field
operations.
Can prove less expensive than other
technologies that are used for cleanup of
hazardous waste.
Biological processes are often highly specific.
microbial populations, suitable
environmental growth conditions, and
appropriate levels of nutrients and
contaminants.
13. BIOREMEDIATION RELATED
TECHNOLOGIES
• Phytoremediation - bioremediation through the use of plants that mitigate the
environmental problem
without the need to excavate the contaminant material and dispose of it
elsewhere.
• Bioventing - an in situ remediation technology that uses microorganisms to
biodegrade organic
constituents in the groundwater system.
• Bioleaching - the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of living
organisms.
• Landfarming - an ex-situ waste treatment process that is performed in the upper
soil zone or in
biotreatment cells.
• Bioreactor - any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a
biologically active
environment.
• Vermicomposting - using various worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and
14. REFERENCES
• Microbial Ecology by Atlas & Bartha
• Various Webpages including
• Wikipedia
• http://ei.cornell.edu/biodeg/bioremed/
• http://www.pollutionissues.com/A-Bo/Bioremediation.html
• http://www.soilutions.co.uk/services/soil-remediation/bioremediation/
• http://www.slideplayer.com/slide/1523117/#
• http://krockne.people.uic.edu/proceeding9.pdf
• https://cluin.org/download/remed/introductiontoinsitubioremediationofgroundwater_
dec2013.
pdf
• http://home.engineering.iastate.edu/~tge/ce421-521/matt-r.pdf
• A Citizen’s Guide To Bioremediation