Bioremediation is the use of biological organisms to clean up environmental contaminants, particularly in soil and groundwater, by employing specific bacteria to degrade pollutants into harmless substances. Techniques include biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and intrinsic bioremediation, each with its own advantages and limitations. This method is cost-effective and minimally disruptive, making it suitable for various applications, including treatment of contaminated sites and oil spills.

1. BIOREMEDIATION
By:- M. P. SANDHYA

2. WHAT IS BIOREMEDIATION?
• "Remediate" means to solve a problem, and
"bioremediate" means to use biological organisms to
solve an environmental problem such as contaminated
soil or groundwater.
• Bioremediation means to use a biological remedy to
abate or clean up contamination.
• Bioremediation is a waste management technique that
involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize
pollutants from a contaminated site.
• According to the EPA, bioremediation is a “treatment that
uses naturally occurring organisms to break down

4. HOW DOES IT WORK?
• Waste material is examined & certain bacteria are
isolated based on their efficacy at digesting and
converting the waste.
• Indigenous or local bacteria is to be used!
•The bacteria then go through several steps of cultures
and process for performance testing.
•The suitable bacteria are placed back in the waste
environment. • They grow & thrive & in the process digest
& convert the waste into Carbon dioxide & water.
•The right temperature, nutrients, and food also must be
present.

6. ESSENTIAL FACTORS FOR MICROBIAL
BIOREMEDIATION
Factor Desired Conditions
Microbial population Suitable kinds of organisms that can
biodegrade all of the contaminants
Oxygen Enough to support aerobic biodegradation
(about 2% oxygen in the gas phase or 0.4
mg/liter in the soil water)
Water Soil moisture should be from 50–70% of the
water holding capacity of the soil
Nutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other
nutrients to support good microbial growth
Temperature Appropriate temperatures for microbial growth
(0–40˚C)
pH Best range is from 6.5 to 7.5

7. TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION :
1.
Biostimulation
• The method in which bacteria are
• motivated to start the process of
• bioremediation.
• • In this method, first the experts
• release nutrients and other
• important substances in the soil
• where there is need or removing the
• contaminants.
• • These are in the form of gas or
• liquid. It increases the growth of
• microbes in that area.
• • As a result bacteria and other
• microorganisms remove the
• contaminants quickly and efficiently.
Bioaugmentatio
n
• Microorganisms that can clean up
• a particular contaminant are
• added to the contaminated soil
• and water.
• • Bioaugmentation is more
• commonly and successfully used
• on contaminants removed from
• the original site, such as
• municipal waste water treatment
• facilities.
Intrinsic
bioremediation
•Process takes place in soil and
water
•because these two places are
always
•full of contaminants and toxins.
•• This process is also called as
natural

9. Bioremediati
on
In situ
- At the site
-Treatment of contaminated
material in place
-only certain types of soils can be
bioremediated in-situ
- complete degradation is often
difficult to
achieve
Ex situ
-Away from site
-Techniques involve physical
removal of the contaminated
material for treatment process
-use of bioreactors to process the
material in a highly controlled
environment.

10. several specific bacteria species known to
participate in bioremediation.
Pseudomonas putida.
Dechloromonas aromatica.
Deinococcus radiodurans.
Methylibium petroleiphilum.
Alcanivorax borkumensis.
Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

11. Advantages Disadvantages
Low cost Time consuming.
Seasonal variation
Minimal site disruption Problematic addition of additives
Simultaneous treatment of contaminated water
and soil.
Limited to those compounds that are
biodegradable.
Minimal exposure of public & site personnel. Not all compounds are susceptible to rapid
and complete degradation.
Useful for the complete destruction of a wide
variety of contaminants.
There are some concerns that the products
of biodegradation may be more persistent or
toxic than the parent compound
Can often be carried out on site, often without
causing a major disruption of normal activities
difficult to extrapolate (deduce) from bench
and pilot-scale studies to fullscale field
operations.
Can prove less expensive than other
technologies that are used for cleanup of
hazardous waste.
Biological processes are often highly specific.
microbial populations, suitable
environmental growth conditions, and
appropriate levels of nutrients and
contaminants.

12. APPLICATIONS OF
BIOREMEDIATION
• Used in treatment of :-
 Contaminated Soil
 Aquifer
 Marine Oil Spills
Air Pollutants

13. BIOREMEDIATION RELATED
TECHNOLOGIES
• Phytoremediation - bioremediation through the use of plants that mitigate the
environmental problem
without the need to excavate the contaminant material and dispose of it
elsewhere.
• Bioventing - an in situ remediation technology that uses microorganisms to
biodegrade organic
constituents in the groundwater system.
• Bioleaching - the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of living
organisms.
• Landfarming - an ex-situ waste treatment process that is performed in the upper
soil zone or in
biotreatment cells.
• Bioreactor - any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a
biologically active
environment.
• Vermicomposting - using various worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and

14. REFERENCES
• Microbial Ecology by Atlas & Bartha
• Various Webpages including
• Wikipedia
• http://ei.cornell.edu/biodeg/bioremed/
• http://www.pollutionissues.com/A-Bo/Bioremediation.html
• http://www.soilutions.co.uk/services/soil-remediation/bioremediation/
• http://www.slideplayer.com/slide/1523117/#
• http://krockne.people.uic.edu/proceeding9.pdf
• https://cluin.org/download/remed/introductiontoinsitubioremediationofgroundwater_
dec2013.
pdf
• http://home.engineering.iastate.edu/~tge/ce421-521/matt-r.pdf
• A Citizen’s Guide To Bioremediation