It deals about advantages,Disadvantages, Properties and types of biodegradable plastics and their applications in day today's world. It also says about the use bioplastics and its benefits.
Powerpoint presentation on bioplastics, history of bioplastics, Producing bioplastics, Biodegradable polymers, PHB: case study. producing PHB, History of PHB, Strains to produce PHB, applications of PHB, Companies using PHB, Companies using bioplastics, Current status of Bioplastic, Potential of Bioplastics, Conclusion
Powerpoint presentation on bioplastics, history of bioplastics, Producing bioplastics, Biodegradable polymers, PHB: case study. producing PHB, History of PHB, Strains to produce PHB, applications of PHB, Companies using PHB, Companies using bioplastics, Current status of Bioplastic, Potential of Bioplastics, Conclusion
This is very important for every man and women in earth to know for using this method for nature and universe also and convenient for earth and human being
It's about synthesis of bioplastic. specifically about PHA and bioplastic synthesis from red algae. It was completed under guidance of Mr. Abdul Shafiullah, Lecturer SSC, Shimoga
Technical presentation on the latest class of environmental friendly class of bio-plastics which are completely degradable and uses low energy. These bio-plastics are widely used in European markets and are being used in food, pharmaceutical and in sanitary products.
Bio Plastic is Similar To Conventional Plastics In All Aspects Except That these are made of agricultural products and can be easily degraded...These plastics has many advantages over conventional plastics
microbial degradation of plastics can aid in the reduction of environmental plastic pollution along with plastic waste management. Rigorous research is required in order to discover new microbial strains that can potentially degrade plastics. A few microbes have been discovered that can degrade the plastic over time but there is a need for gene editing and enhancement to increase their potential of degradation.
Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
Biodegradable plastic available at BioSphere Plastic LLC! They provide affordable non-starch, non-oxodegradable environmental solutions with biodegradable plastic additives world wide.
This is very important for every man and women in earth to know for using this method for nature and universe also and convenient for earth and human being
It's about synthesis of bioplastic. specifically about PHA and bioplastic synthesis from red algae. It was completed under guidance of Mr. Abdul Shafiullah, Lecturer SSC, Shimoga
Technical presentation on the latest class of environmental friendly class of bio-plastics which are completely degradable and uses low energy. These bio-plastics are widely used in European markets and are being used in food, pharmaceutical and in sanitary products.
Bio Plastic is Similar To Conventional Plastics In All Aspects Except That these are made of agricultural products and can be easily degraded...These plastics has many advantages over conventional plastics
microbial degradation of plastics can aid in the reduction of environmental plastic pollution along with plastic waste management. Rigorous research is required in order to discover new microbial strains that can potentially degrade plastics. A few microbes have been discovered that can degrade the plastic over time but there is a need for gene editing and enhancement to increase their potential of degradation.
Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
Biodegradable plastic available at BioSphere Plastic LLC! They provide affordable non-starch, non-oxodegradable environmental solutions with biodegradable plastic additives world wide.
Microbial products are products derived from various microscopic organisms. Microbial products may consist of the organisms themselves and/or the metabolites they produce.
Microbial products are products derived from various microscopic organisms. Microbial products may consist of the organisms themselves and/or the metabolites they produce.
Introduction
Types of Biodegradable plastic
Renewable resources
Non-renewable
Other biodegradable plastics
Properties of biodegradable plastics
Mechanism of Biodegradation of plastics
Factors affecting biodegradation
Applications of Biodegradable plastics
Advantage of biodegradable plastic
Disadvantage of biodegradable plastic
Conclusion
References
The lac insect, scientifically known as Kerria lacca, is a tiny scale insect that plays a significant role in the production of lac, a resinous secretion. This secretion is widely used in various industries, and the process of obtaining lac leads to the generation of several valuable byproducts. Let's explore some of the key byproducts of the lac insect:
Bacterial Canker of Mango Diagnostic Methods.pptxAVKaaviya
Bacterial canker of mango, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. mangiferae, poses a significant threat to mango cultivation worldwide. Diagnosing this disease accurately is a pivotal step in effectively managing its impact on orchards. A range of diagnostic methods is employed to identify the presence of the pathogen and confirm the disease's occurrence. These methods encompass both visual observations and sophisticated laboratory techniques, collectively providing a comprehensive understanding of the disease's prevalence and severity. Through these diagnostic measures, farmers and agricultural experts can make informed decisions to mitigate the disease's effects and safeguard mango production.
Maize crazy top is a viral disease that affects maize plants (corn). It is caused by a specific strain of the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV), known as the "crazy top" strain. This disease can cause significant yield losses in affected crops.
The name "maize crazy top" comes from the distinctive symptoms it produces in infected plants. Here are some common symptoms associated with this disease:
Abnormal tassel development: Infected maize plants often exhibit abnormal tassel growth. Instead of a normal tassel structure, the tassels can become deformed, stunted, or exhibit excessive branching. The tassels may appear bushy, distorted, or "crazy" in their growth pattern.
Witches' broom-like appearance: The tassels may develop numerous small, leafy shoots, resembling a broom or a brush. These extra shoots can give the tassels a dense, bushy appearance.
Reduced ear development: The disease can also affect ear development, leading to smaller or misshapen ears. In severe cases, the ears may fail to form entirely.
Yellowing and stunting of plants: Infected plants often exhibit general yellowing or chlorosis of the leaves. The growth of infected plants may be stunted compared to healthy plants.
Maize crazy top is primarily spread by insect vectors, particularly leafhoppers. These insects acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants and then transmit it to healthy plants. The disease can also be spread through the use of infected seed.
There is no cure for maize crazy top once a plant is infected. Prevention and control measures are focused on managing the insect vectors and utilizing disease-resistant maize varieties. Practices such as crop rotation, removing infected plants, and controlling weeds can also help reduce the spread of the disease.
QGIS plugin - Map swipe tool, Attribute based clustering and open layersAVKaaviya
QGIS (Quantum GIS) is a popular open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) software that allows users to analyze, edit, and visualize spatial data. One of the key features of QGIS is its extensibility through plugins. Plugins are additional tools or functionalities that can be added to QGIS to enhance its capabilities and customize the software to meet specific needs.
Mapswipe Tool:
The Mapswipe Tool is a plugin for QGIS that facilitates crowd-based classification and validation of satellite imagery for humanitarian mapping projects. It allows volunteers to review and classify satellite imagery by identifying specific features or objects of interest, such as buildings, roads, or water bodies. The Mapswipe Tool helps in the creation of accurate and up-to-date maps for disaster response, humanitarian aid, and development projects.
Attribute-based Clustering:
Attribute-based clustering is a plugin in QGIS that enables spatial clustering of features based on their attribute values. This plugin helps in identifying patterns or groupings within a dataset based on specific attribute characteristics. It is useful for exploratory data analysis and gaining insights from spatial data by identifying clusters or patterns based on attribute similarities.
OpenLayers:
OpenLayers is a widely used plugin in QGIS that provides a user-friendly interface for displaying web-based maps and services within the QGIS software. With the OpenLayers plugin, you can add various web map services, such as OpenStreetMap, Google Maps, Bing Maps, or other tiled map services, as basemaps or overlays in your QGIS project. This allows you to visualize and combine different layers of spatial data from both local and online sources.
A plant disease herbarium collected for the course "Diseases of Field and Horticulture Crops and their Management" is a collection of preserved plant specimens that exhibit various diseases. It serves as a valuable resource for studying and understanding plant pathology.
The primary purpose of a plant disease herbarium is to aid in the identification and classification of plant diseases. It allows students and researchers to examine the physical characteristics and symptoms of diseased plants in a controlled environment. By studying these specimens, students can learn to recognize and differentiate between different types of plant diseases, such as fungal, bacterial, viral, or nematode infections.
The herbarium collection typically includes specimens of diseased plant parts, such as leaves. These specimens are carefully collected, processed, and preserved to maintain their original features for long-term storage and study. Each specimen is labeled with relevant information, including the date and location of collection, the host plant species, and details about the disease symptoms observed.
When studying plant diseases and their management, students can refer to the herbarium to compare and contrast different diseases, observe disease progression, and understand the impact of diseases on plant growth and productivity. The herbarium specimens provide a tangible representation of the diseases encountered in the field or horticultural settings, enabling students to develop diagnostic skills and formulate appropriate management strategies.
In addition to educational purposes, plant disease herbaria may also serve as references for research and extension activities. Researchers can study the preserved specimens to conduct further investigations into the causal agents of diseases, their lifecycle, epidemiology, and potential control measures. Extension specialists can refer to the herbarium to help farmers and growers identify and manage plant diseases in their crops.
Overall, a plant disease herbarium collected for the course "Diseases of Field and Horticulture Crops and their Management" is a valuable tool that facilitates the study, identification, and management of plant diseases. It enhances the learning experience by providing students with real-life examples and practical knowledge, ultimately contributing to the development of effective disease management strategies in the field and horticultural sectors.
The Seed Act is a legislative framework aimed at regulating the production, sale, and quality control of seeds. It provides guidelines and standards to ensure the availability of high-quality and genetically diverse seeds for farmers, promoting agricultural productivity, food security, and sustainable farming practices. The act also addresses issues related to intellectual property rights, seed certification, labeling, and farmer rights, while encouraging innovation in seed technology and protecting the interests of both farmers and seed companies.The Seed Act serves as a vital tool for promoting transparent and fair seed trade, safeguarding biodiversity, supporting crop improvement, and enabling farmers to access reliable and superior quality seeds.
Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) is a crucial regulatory framework implemented by governments to ensure the quality, availability, and proper use of fertilizers. It serves as a mechanism to monitor and regulate the production, distribution, labeling, and sale of fertilizers, with the ultimate goal of promoting sustainable agriculture and safeguarding the interests of farmers and consumers.
The FCO encompasses a wide range of provisions and regulations that govern various aspects of the fertilizer industry. One of its primary objectives is to ensure the quality of fertilizers available in the market. The FCO sets specific standards for nutrient content, physical characteristics, impurities, and labeling requirements. By enforcing these standards, the FCO aims to prevent the sale of substandard or adulterated fertilizers that could have detrimental effects on crop productivity and soil health.
Another key aspect of the FCO is the regulation of fertilizer pricing. Governments often intervene to control the prices of fertilizers to make them affordable for farmers. The FCO may include provisions to monitor and control the pricing of fertilizers, ensuring that they remain accessible to farmers while preventing price manipulation and exploitation.
The FCO also addresses the licensing and registration of fertilizer manufacturers, importers, and distributors. Manufacturers and importers are required to obtain licenses or registrations from the designated regulatory authorities. This helps in maintaining a record of fertilizer producers and suppliers, ensuring accountability, and enabling traceability in case of any quality-related issues or non-compliance.
To ensure compliance with the FCO, regulatory bodies are empowered with inspection and monitoring mechanisms. They conduct regular inspections of fertilizer manufacturing facilities, storage sites, and distribution channels to verify compliance with quality standards, labeling requirements, and other provisions of the FCO. Non-compliance can lead to penalties, fines, or even suspension of licenses, acting as a deterrent for violations and promoting adherence to the regulations.
The FCO also addresses the issue of fertilizers' safe and efficient use. It may mandate the inclusion of information on fertilizer labels regarding dosage, application methods, and safety precautions. This helps farmers make informed decisions about fertilizer application, preventing excessive or improper use that can lead to environmental pollution, nutrient imbalances, and crop damage. The FCO may also encourage the promotion of organic and biofertilizers, providing incentives and support for their production and utilization.
It focuses on the breeding objectives in blackgram (Vigna mungo) to enhance its genetic potential for improved yield and quality. The presentation covers key objectives such as increasing yield through traits like pod number and length, developing resistance against diseases and abiotic stresses, enhancing nutritional quality, and improving agronomic traits. By incorporating advanced breeding techniques and genetic markers, breeders aim to develop high-yielding blackgram varieties that are resilient, disease-resistant, and nutritionally rich, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture and improved food security.
EPIC - Environmental Policy Integrated Model
This is a crop model used to access all the future output prior to the yield of a crop.
It analyzes all the parameters through the input which we provide.
It is highly useful for farmers to prevent crop losses by using such technologies.
Ethical Issues in the Use of Terminator Seed Technology
This is a research article summarized in simple words.
It's done as a part of the Genetics assignment.
Here the mechanism of terminator seed technology is explained along with diagram.
Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI): A Methodology of ‘More with Less'
This content is from a research article, Farmers could use this technology and gain more profit in this way.
It consists of several principles to adopt this technology.
All the methods with the result are summarized in this ppt.
Post-harvest management of Ilium is discussed. It deals with the following,
# Harvesting stage
# How to extend the vase life of a cut flower
# How to overcome the post-harvest diseases.
# Mode of harvesting
# Importance
# How to improve vase life
# Causes of bud blast
# Leaf yellowing
# Effect of cold storage
# Temperature variation
It is based on an article named 'DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE NODE CUTTING PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CURCUMA AERUGINOSA ROXBURGH RHIZOME'
It says the importance of root node technology in turmeric. graphical representation says about the curcumin content and yield in six months. It covers introduction, materials and method, inference,Finding and conclusion slides.
It gives short and crisp content.
Diseases of different types of plants along with its host name and pathogen name is given along with its taxonomy. Casual organism and Systematic position are given briefly along with pictures.
Definition of Heterosis
Dominant hypothesis
Over dominance
Epistasis Hypothesis
Features of heterosis
Application and Factors affecting Hererosis are explained with example for each. Objections raised for all the hypothesis are given in simple words.
Definition of hybrid vigour and heterosis are also explained.
This experiment is done with coconut water,water with tulsi leaves.
If the leaves are degraded then it is because of more amount of nutrients present in coconut endosperm.
Else the result would be as ,cytokinin has property of delaying senescence.
Use of ITK in animal husbandry practices in IndiaAVKaaviya
Use of Indigenous Technical Knowledge in animal husbandry practices in India:
Increasing Fertility in Livestock
Increasing milk production
Retention of placenta
Repeat breeding
First aid for calves
Sheep and goat rearing
Fish farming
Dairying
Duck rearing
Curing disease
Poultry farming
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. • They are made from renewable
biomass sources such as
sugarcane and corn, or from
microbe such as yeast.
• It can be naturally recycled by
biological processes, thus limiting
the use of fossil fuels and
protecting the environment.
3.
4. • Bioplastics are currently
more expensive than
standard plastics.
• PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) is a
form of polyester made by
fermenting ingredients like
corn starch or sugar cane.
This is currently the
cheapest bio plastic on the
market.
• Biodegradable plastics take
only three to six months to
fully decompose, far quicker
than traditional plastic that
can take hundreds of years.
5. • Some are stiff and brittle.
• Some are rubbery and moldable.
• Properties may be manipulated by blending
polymers or genetic modifications.
• Degrades at 185°C.
• Moisture resistant, water insoluble,
optically pure, impermeable to oxygen.
• Must maintain stability during
manufacture and use but degrade rapidly
when disposed of or recycled.
6. • Renewable.
• Degrade faster.
• Reduce carbon footprint.
• Lower fossil fuel consumption.
• Lower energy cost in manufacture.
• Do not contain additives harmful to health, such as
phthalates or bisphenol A.
• No greenhouse gas emission.
• They do not involve the consumption of non-renewable
raw materials
• Their production reduces non-biodegradable waste
that contaminates the environment
• They do not change the flavour or scent of the food
contained
7. • Designed to be composted, not
recycled.
• Improper disposal leads to-
toxicity, already increasing landfill
waste, non biodegradable plastic
contamination.
• Plants (generally genetically
modified) grown for bio plastics
have negative impacts of their
own, e.g. PLA (Poly Lactic Acid)
from GM corn.
• Fewer proper composting
availability.
• Land that could be used to grow
food is being used to “grow
plastic” instead.
8. 1. Conventional Plastics :
These are fossil fuel based and non-
biodegradable like Polyethylene.
2. Bio Plastics which are bio-based and non-
biodegradable :
Eg. Braskem from Brazil has
innovated and offers their I’m Green ™
Polyethylene product which is a plastic produced
from renewable resource like Sugarcane, which can
be regenerated over a short period of time. It also
helps conserve fossil fuels and reduce green house
gas emission.
9. 3. Bio based And Bio Degradable :
These are usually materials made from
cellulose acetate (plant based) or lactic acid
based blends (or pure starch blends) and are
used for primarily single use plastics like cutlery
or some applications across pens / toys etc.
Some examples are : PLA (Poly Lactic Acid),
PHA (Poly Hydroxy Alkanoate).
Flower wrapping made of
PLA-blend bio-flex
Packaging peanuts made from
bioplastics (thermoplastic starch)
10. 4. Oil-Based and Bio-degradable :
Traditional oil based
polymers which are biodegradable have
existed for many years and usually
being used for in vivo applications such
as stents, tissue engineering and other
biomaterial applications. Examples
include PBS and PCL.
Mulch film made of
polylactic acid(PLA)-
blend bio-flex
A packaging blister
made from cellulose
acetate a bioplastic
Biodegradable
plastic utensils
11. • Starch-Based Bioplastics: Derived
from corn starch.They are often mixed
with biodegradable polyesters.
• Cellulose-Based Bioplastics: Produced using cellulose
esters and cellulose derivatives.
• Protein-Based Bioplastics: Produced using protein sources
such as wheat gluten, casein, and milk.
• Aliphatic Polyesters: A collection of bio based polyesters.
They are all more or less sensitive to hydrolytic degradation
and can be mixed with other compounds.
• Organic Polyethylene: Polyethylene that has been produced
from the fermentation of raw agricultural materials like
sugar cane and corn, rather than fossil fuels.