My talk from the 2015 Big Design Conference in Dallas, TX. Discusses how the use of biometric capture devices may give us a new tool in our user experience research toolkit.
Planning a law firm retreat (presentation slides) Sandra Bekhor
This past January, I spoke about about law firm retreats and practice management at the OBA (Ontario Bar Association) Managing Partner Roundtable Breakfast Series. These are my presentation slides.
For further details on this session, visit: https://www.bekhor.ca/planning-law-firm-retreat-seminar/.
User experience design: a term that we instantly associate with apps and websites. Especially when considering the typical job description of a UX designer, you’d be forgiven for thinking that it’s a purely modern concept.
Cognitive psychologist and designer Don Norman coined the term “user experience” in the 1990s—but UX predates its name by quite some decades.
Resources: The career foundry website.
Planning a law firm retreat (presentation slides) Sandra Bekhor
This past January, I spoke about about law firm retreats and practice management at the OBA (Ontario Bar Association) Managing Partner Roundtable Breakfast Series. These are my presentation slides.
For further details on this session, visit: https://www.bekhor.ca/planning-law-firm-retreat-seminar/.
User experience design: a term that we instantly associate with apps and websites. Especially when considering the typical job description of a UX designer, you’d be forgiven for thinking that it’s a purely modern concept.
Cognitive psychologist and designer Don Norman coined the term “user experience” in the 1990s—but UX predates its name by quite some decades.
Resources: The career foundry website.
Presentation by John Yesko at the 2011 Information Architecture Summit (IA Summit) entitled: "The User Experience Brief: The What and Why Before the How."
We IAs spend a lot of time discussing the “core” documents in information architecture—wireframes, site maps, prototypes. But we often jump into these very tactical, design-oriented deliverables too hastily.
The user experience brief takes on a more strategic role. Early in the project, it’s our vehicle to summarize what we know so far, particularly requirements and research results. More importantly though, it lays the foundation for the UX design approach, with the goals of gathering consensus and identifying sticking points early on. The user experience brief illuminates the organizing principles—user experience fundamentals to be followed and referenced throughout the project.
We’ll talk about the value of this early-project document, its role in shaping the user experience approach, how its composed, and its limitations. We’ll look at a number of great visual examples too. Introduced the right way and at the right time, the UX brief can be an invaluable stake in the ground with clients and internal stakeholders.
Oizom is into Environmental Monitoring Solution. We have hardware-software ecosystem to monitor various parameters of the environment like Particulates, Toxic Gases, Vehicular Pollution, Radiation, Light, UV, Noise, Odour, Traffic, Weather etc. We have the capabilities to customise the solutions for various use-cases related to Smart-City, Industrial Monitoring, Smart Waste Management etc. We are also open to work on some critical applications by required modifications in the solution.
Have a quick look at https://oizom.com for more info.
Este relatório foi elaborado como requisito parcial à conclusão da disciplina Teste Formal de Usabilidade da pós-graduação Ergodesign de Interfaces: Usabilidade e Arquitetura de Informação da PUC-RJ.
A proposta da atividade foi realizar um Teste de Usabilidade durante as aulas de algum aplicativo selecionado.
O relatório final completo será entregue após a apresentação deste material.
Başarılı Sosyal Medya İletişimi ÖrnekleriPointro TR
Sosyal medya markaların ve işletmelerin müşterilerine ulaşmada ve onları sadık müşteriler haline getirmede kullandıkları yeni bir kanal.
Bu sunumda sosyal medyanın işletmeler için önemini, sosyal medya yönetiminde yapılması ve kaçınılması gereken davranışları sıraladıktan sonra Pointro olarak ShakeShack ve Le Pain Quotidien markalarıyla gerçekleştirdiğimiz gerçek zamanlı sosyal medya iletişiminden örnekleri paylaştık.
Daha fazla bilgi için:
https://pointro.com/tr/
https://www.linkedin.com/company/pointro-tr
https://twitter.com/PointroTR/
BSI Biometrics Standards Presentation.
View BSI’s presentation about biometric standards, and get an overview of biometrics and identity management, and standards development for biometrics.
Beyond Eye Tracking: Bringing Biometrics to Usability ResearchDan Berlin
User experience research has traditionally relied upon qualitative techniques that entail users telling us their feelings, wants, and needs. This creates an inherent cognitive bias – data is filtered through the participant’s cognition. That is, we may not necessarily be hearing the participants’ true feelings. They may be trying to please the moderator or may just be unable to articulate the cause of their emotions. But researchers and stakeholders alike are thirsty for quantitative data that complements the qualitative. Luckily, we live in exciting times – there are two particular technologies that are becoming more accessible that will help usability researchers break through cognitive bias and provide that ever tantalizing quantitative data: eye tracking and biometrics. Eye tracking equipment has only recently started to become affordable to most anyone who wants to use it. Researchers must now get up-to-speed on eye tracking methodology and analysis. When is it appropriate? How can we turn the data into actionable findings? What the heck do I do with all of this new data?! More importantly, we should find new research techniques that will break through cognitive bias.
This is where the second technology comes in: biometrics. Psychophysiology is the study of how emotions affect changes in the body. Changes in heart rate, breathing rate, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response (GSR) have all been shown to be accurate indicators of a person’s emotions, among others. Just as with eye tracking, the equipment to measure these biometrics are just now starting to become accessible to usability researchers. Until very recently, the equipment to gather this data was rather obtrusive and invasive. This not only affected participant comfort, but also did not lend to conducting “discount” usability research. But new technology allows the collection of biometrics in non-invasive ways. For instance, Affectiva’s Q Sensor is worn on the wrist and wirelessly gathers a participant’s GSR. The problem with integrating psychophysiological data into usability research is that individual researchers will need to come up with not only the algorithms to interpret the biometrics but also the technology to temporally marry the biometrics to the eye tracking data. These are no small tasks. There are companies out there that will collect and interpret the data for you for a hefty fee. But this technique should be in every usability researcher’s toolkit. As such, we should come together as a research community to figure this out. We need an open dialogue. We need to share techniques and stories.
Your "Psychologist Voice": Leveraging Voice Mindfulness for UX ResearchDan Berlin
Moderating a one-on-one interview to elicit the most actionable data is an acquired skill. A primary aspect of this, which we don’t normally talk about, is the tone, timbre, and pace of our voice. Some say that a moderator should try to match the participant’s tone; that this makes the participant feel that you are similar to him or her. But I believe that it is better to use your “psychologist voice” when moderating sessions. That is, you should always keep a soft tone, modulate your voice, stay quiet, and always be ready to turn a question back to the participant. In this presentation, I’ll reveal the fun origins of how I discovered the psychologist voice and why it not only makes for sessions that yield useful data, but is also an important life-skill.
Presentation by John Yesko at the 2011 Information Architecture Summit (IA Summit) entitled: "The User Experience Brief: The What and Why Before the How."
We IAs spend a lot of time discussing the “core” documents in information architecture—wireframes, site maps, prototypes. But we often jump into these very tactical, design-oriented deliverables too hastily.
The user experience brief takes on a more strategic role. Early in the project, it’s our vehicle to summarize what we know so far, particularly requirements and research results. More importantly though, it lays the foundation for the UX design approach, with the goals of gathering consensus and identifying sticking points early on. The user experience brief illuminates the organizing principles—user experience fundamentals to be followed and referenced throughout the project.
We’ll talk about the value of this early-project document, its role in shaping the user experience approach, how its composed, and its limitations. We’ll look at a number of great visual examples too. Introduced the right way and at the right time, the UX brief can be an invaluable stake in the ground with clients and internal stakeholders.
Oizom is into Environmental Monitoring Solution. We have hardware-software ecosystem to monitor various parameters of the environment like Particulates, Toxic Gases, Vehicular Pollution, Radiation, Light, UV, Noise, Odour, Traffic, Weather etc. We have the capabilities to customise the solutions for various use-cases related to Smart-City, Industrial Monitoring, Smart Waste Management etc. We are also open to work on some critical applications by required modifications in the solution.
Have a quick look at https://oizom.com for more info.
Este relatório foi elaborado como requisito parcial à conclusão da disciplina Teste Formal de Usabilidade da pós-graduação Ergodesign de Interfaces: Usabilidade e Arquitetura de Informação da PUC-RJ.
A proposta da atividade foi realizar um Teste de Usabilidade durante as aulas de algum aplicativo selecionado.
O relatório final completo será entregue após a apresentação deste material.
Başarılı Sosyal Medya İletişimi ÖrnekleriPointro TR
Sosyal medya markaların ve işletmelerin müşterilerine ulaşmada ve onları sadık müşteriler haline getirmede kullandıkları yeni bir kanal.
Bu sunumda sosyal medyanın işletmeler için önemini, sosyal medya yönetiminde yapılması ve kaçınılması gereken davranışları sıraladıktan sonra Pointro olarak ShakeShack ve Le Pain Quotidien markalarıyla gerçekleştirdiğimiz gerçek zamanlı sosyal medya iletişiminden örnekleri paylaştık.
Daha fazla bilgi için:
https://pointro.com/tr/
https://www.linkedin.com/company/pointro-tr
https://twitter.com/PointroTR/
BSI Biometrics Standards Presentation.
View BSI’s presentation about biometric standards, and get an overview of biometrics and identity management, and standards development for biometrics.
Beyond Eye Tracking: Bringing Biometrics to Usability ResearchDan Berlin
User experience research has traditionally relied upon qualitative techniques that entail users telling us their feelings, wants, and needs. This creates an inherent cognitive bias – data is filtered through the participant’s cognition. That is, we may not necessarily be hearing the participants’ true feelings. They may be trying to please the moderator or may just be unable to articulate the cause of their emotions. But researchers and stakeholders alike are thirsty for quantitative data that complements the qualitative. Luckily, we live in exciting times – there are two particular technologies that are becoming more accessible that will help usability researchers break through cognitive bias and provide that ever tantalizing quantitative data: eye tracking and biometrics. Eye tracking equipment has only recently started to become affordable to most anyone who wants to use it. Researchers must now get up-to-speed on eye tracking methodology and analysis. When is it appropriate? How can we turn the data into actionable findings? What the heck do I do with all of this new data?! More importantly, we should find new research techniques that will break through cognitive bias.
This is where the second technology comes in: biometrics. Psychophysiology is the study of how emotions affect changes in the body. Changes in heart rate, breathing rate, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response (GSR) have all been shown to be accurate indicators of a person’s emotions, among others. Just as with eye tracking, the equipment to measure these biometrics are just now starting to become accessible to usability researchers. Until very recently, the equipment to gather this data was rather obtrusive and invasive. This not only affected participant comfort, but also did not lend to conducting “discount” usability research. But new technology allows the collection of biometrics in non-invasive ways. For instance, Affectiva’s Q Sensor is worn on the wrist and wirelessly gathers a participant’s GSR. The problem with integrating psychophysiological data into usability research is that individual researchers will need to come up with not only the algorithms to interpret the biometrics but also the technology to temporally marry the biometrics to the eye tracking data. These are no small tasks. There are companies out there that will collect and interpret the data for you for a hefty fee. But this technique should be in every usability researcher’s toolkit. As such, we should come together as a research community to figure this out. We need an open dialogue. We need to share techniques and stories.
Your "Psychologist Voice": Leveraging Voice Mindfulness for UX ResearchDan Berlin
Moderating a one-on-one interview to elicit the most actionable data is an acquired skill. A primary aspect of this, which we don’t normally talk about, is the tone, timbre, and pace of our voice. Some say that a moderator should try to match the participant’s tone; that this makes the participant feel that you are similar to him or her. But I believe that it is better to use your “psychologist voice” when moderating sessions. That is, you should always keep a soft tone, modulate your voice, stay quiet, and always be ready to turn a question back to the participant. In this presentation, I’ll reveal the fun origins of how I discovered the psychologist voice and why it not only makes for sessions that yield useful data, but is also an important life-skill.
User Experience (UX) Research in HealthcareDan Berlin
Healthcare companies should embrace iterative user research so that they may design products that aligns with their customers' wants and needs. UX research studies are not clinical trials - they are a means of learn how to best design a product for customers.
Biometric ATM are used for wide range of applications like for Banking, Coupons & Self service ATM. Biometrics ATM offer ATM type interface along with at-least one Biometrics capture device like Fingerprint Scanner, Iris camera, Palm/Finger Vein scanner , Face recognition camera. They are often called Multi-Biometrics ATM, Wall mount Biometrics ATM, Biometrics Devices / Machine.
Most of the ATM in the past have been using ID cards to identify users but with the wide acceptance of Biometrics , a new generation of Biometrics ATM are being deployed for wide range of applications worldwide.
Peter Levesque explores the critical areas of measuring, interpreting, and analyzing results to ensure continual improvement of KT activities to produce intended results.
Usability Testing for Survey Research:How to and Best Practicesegeisen
This presentation describes how usability testing of surveys can be used to improve data quality and reduce respondent burden. We describe what kind of surveys can be tested and when. We also provide practice advice for planning, conducting, and analyzing usability tests of surveys.
ResearchOps Berlin Meetup #2 - UX Maturity - How to Grow User Research in you...ResearchOps Meetup Berlin
In our spring edition of ResearchOps Berlin we will likewise talk about growing and maturing.
Our host FlixBus will give us insights into how they started UX in their organization and how they accelerated research in terms of such as their team set-up or research methods. Luky Primadani, Katja Borchert, Carolina Schomer and Pietro Romeo will provide us with use cases and how they see the next steps in becoming more UX mature.
Research Using Behavioral Big Data: A Tour and Why Mechanical Engineers Shoul...Galit Shmueli
Keynote address by Galit Shmueli at 2016 Israeli Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME), Technion, Israel (Nov 23, 2016). http://icme2016.net.technion.ac.il/
Behavioural science - Approaches to Improve UXUser Vision
In this session, you will learn more about the links between behavioural science and user experience. We will also introduce some behavioural science frameworks and models you can adopt to improve your user research and design work.
Agents vs Users: Visual Recommendation of Research Talks with Multiple Dimens...Katrien Verbert
Published in ACM TiiS: Verbert, K., Parra, D., & Brusilovsky, P. (2016). Agents Vs. Users: Visual Recommendation of Research Talks with Multiple Dimension of Relevance. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS), 6(2), 11.
Presented at IUI 2017
A talk about how to design products and communications that help change user behavior (for good). It's based on the 2nd edition of Designing for Behavior Change, and covers the common approach that many applied behavioral scientists roughly follow, under a variety of names. See www.behavioraltechnology.co for more info, and the (free) workbook that accompanies it.
UXPA Boston 2024 Maximize the Client Consultant Relationship.pdfDan Berlin
It is very common for enterprise companies to use the services of external consultants, perhaps especially so in the field of user experience (UX). This is sometimes in the service of augmenting the company’s UX team who may not have the resources to complete all their desired projects. Consultants may also help companies who are newer to UX, where they introduce the client team to best practices and typical workflows. In either case, it’s critical to project success for both the consultant and client team to work in harmony. This presentation will provide generalizable best practices for collaborating with consultants from both the consultant and client viewpoints. Though the presentation focuses on the consultant/client relationship, all conference attendees will benefit from the provided communication and collaboration tips. Dan Berlin and Yina Turchetti presented this talk at the UXPA Boston 2024 conference.
Visual Principles of Experience Design: Blending Art and ScienceDan Berlin
Webinar description: What makes a user interface engaging and intuitive? Conversely, what makes some programs so difficult to use? The practice of experience design is a blending of art and science, informed by principles drawn from graphic arts, information theory and cognitive psychology. We are pattern seekers, and the more we understand how our visual system builds the patterns we see (or don't see), the more effectively we can control the user's experience.
We invite you to join Mad*Pow's Experience Design Director, Paul Kahn, and Experience Research Director, Dan Berlin, as they review visual cognition theories and show how the resulting principles are applied in experience design. Whether you are new to the field or an experienced practitioner, this presentation will introduce new topics and serve as a review of subjects that you may not have thought about in quite the same way. By raising awareness of how we think and how we see, we will show how theory informs our real-world visual design projects.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
7 Alternatives to Bullet Points in PowerPointAlvis Oh
So you tried all the ways to beautify your bullet points on your pitch deck but it just got way uglier. These points are supposed to be memorable and leave a lasting impression on your audience. With these tips, you'll no longer have to spend so much time thinking how you should present your pointers.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
1. 1
PREPARED BY
BIOMETRICS IN UX RESEARCH:
THE NEXT BIG STEP
September 19, 2015
Big Design Conference
Dan Berlin, Managing Director, Experience Research
2. 2
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
Today’s Talk
• State of UX Research Today
• What are Biometrics?
• Using Biometrics for UX Research
• Biometric Research Going Forward
3. 3
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
Hi! I’m Dan Berlin
• BA in Psychology from Brandeis U.
• Seven years of tech support
• Participant in a usability study and discovered the world of UX
• Quit my job
• Did a 2.5 year program at Bentley U. to get an MBA and MS in
Human Factors in Information Design
• Have been doing UX research for eight years
• Managing Director of Experience Research at Mad*Pow, a
design agency in New England
29. 29
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
What Are Biometrics?
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)
• Measures stress levels via skin’s
electrical conductivity
30. 30
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
What Are Biometrics?
Blood Volume Pulse (BVP)
• Measures valence
(positive or negative
stress) via amount of
blood in the fingertips
(Scheirer, Fernandez, Klein, & Picard, 2002)
46. 46
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
Best Practices
• Inform the recruiter and respondents informed about
the use of biometric tools
• Explain the sensors to participants as you attach them
• Minimize distractions, including outside noise
47. 47
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
Running the Study
• Start with a resting period
• Surfing the web or reading a magazine
• Do an easy, baseline task then move on to the
stimulus task
• Ideally, this is done before each stimulus, but okay if not
Baseline
Task
(1 min)
Stimulus
Task
Stimulus
Task
Ideal
AcceptableResting
(5 mins)
48. 48
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
Analyzing Data
• Data over time
• Normalize the data and plot it over time to find trends and
events
• Significant events
• Determine % change from baseline and find spikes/dips
• Specific events
• Look at the data during the time the participant was interacting
with something specific
50. 50
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
More Research is Needed… Much More
• Does it all work as expected? Does it behave as the literature shows?
• Recreate the studies of the early 2000s with modern equipment and interfaces
• What additional value does it provide beyond current qualitative
measures? At what cost?
• Comparative studies between traditional usability studies and biometric studies
• What methods work best? What methods don’t work well?
• Comparative studies between different moderation and analysis methods
51. 51
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
More Research is Needed… Much More
• The equipment and software is getting cheaper by
the day
• Anyone can do this type of research
• Don’t forget to tell us what does and doesn’t work!
52. 52
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
For More Information
Eye Tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures. Kenneth Holmqvist,
et. al., Oxford University Press, 2011.
Eye Tracking the User Experience. Aga Bojko, Rosenfeld Media, 2013.
Eye Tracking in User Experience Design. Jennifer Romano-Bergstrom & Andrew Schall,
Morgan Kaufman, 2014.
53. 53
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
For More Information
Psychophysiology: Human Behavior & Physiological Response. John L. Andreassi,
Psychology Press, 2006.
The Handbook of Psychophysiology. John Cacioppo, Louis G. Tassinary, & Gary G.
Berntson, 2007.
55. 55
Biometrics in UX Research: The Next Big Step
References
Galfino, G., Dalmaso M., Marzoli D., Pavan, G., Coricelli C., & Castelli L. (2012). Eye gaze cannot
be ignored (but neither can arrows). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(10), 1895-
1910. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.663765
Posner, J., Russell JA., Peterson, BS. (2005 Summer) The circumplex model of affect: an
integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology.
Development and Psychopathology, 17(3), 715-734.
Rohrer, C. (2014, October 12). When to Use Which User-Experience Research Methods.
Retrieved from: http://www.nngroup.com/articles/which-ux-research-methods
Scheirer, J., Fernandez, R., Klein, J., & Picard, R. (2002). Frustrating the User on Purpose: A Step
Toward Building an Affective Computer. MIT Media Laboratory Perceptual Computing Section
Technical Report No. 509. Retrieved from: http://vismod.media.mit.edu/tech-reports/TR-509.pdf
Ward, R., Marsden, P., Cahill, B., & Johnson C. (2002). Physiological Responses to Well-Design
and Poorly Designed Interfaces. Proceedings of CHI 2002 Workshop on Physiological Computing.
Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Editor's Notes
Often, participants say things to please the moderator or generally adhering to their cognitive biases
How many people here have benefitted from UX research of some nature?
If room allows: get people to give examples
Explain what the picture is showing
This is the setting for the most common UX research
People are most familiar with usability studies and user interviews
Formative interviews, formative/evaluative/summative usability
Watch from the observation room, bang on the glass
Lab-based studies are but one venue
It’s good to observe people in their natural habitat, instead of the artificial lab
That way, we get to see how they really do things – not just what they tell us: where they keep supplies, how they handle medicine or storing things
Users do crazy things that they may not be willing to tell us – so go watch them without them knowing (within reason, of course)
Going forward here, it may seem like I don’t like qualitative methods – I do, they’re great
They allow us to ask probing questions based on user feedback and behavior
In no other setting do we get to ask “Why”, which is a very important question
But qualitative data can be hard to analyze
Oftentimes, it comes down to how many times a concept was mentioned by the different participants
Word cloud are pretty, and clients love seeing them, but they really aren’t great analysis tools – it is the presentation layer
Affinity diagramming is another great qualitative tool
Can organize and categorize concepts to find trends
Those are all great methods, but I’m a big fan of the spreadsheet
List and prioritize your findings & count how many participants encountered or mentioned the finding
Good way to keep track when transferring findings to the report
Always start with findings, not recommendations
Once all documented, can move to the report
Always have actionable recommendations, based on the findings
For usability studies all of the findings are based on what users say and what the moderator observed them do
And this is great! Tried and true, get us good data, and has helped to improve countless interfaces
Qualitative methods are great, but researchers have been searching for a quantitative measure of usability for years
Clients love numbers – “prove to me” that one interface is better than another
Traditionally, we’ll compare the number of usability issues between interfaces, or ask participants to opine about different interfaces
Typically, qualitative data doesn’t provide the “proof” that many clients are looking for
Over the past few years many companies have appeared offering automated usability studies
These are online studies that allow us to collect usability data from a large number of people – allows for statistical significance
And they’re great, for the most part
Eye tracking is the other quantitative method that has been around for quite some time and is only picking up steam over the past few years
Eye tracking devices are not only getting more comfortable for participants, but are also drastically reducing in price
Old and new eye trackers follow the same basic principle: follow the pupil to determine where the user is looking
These are two head-mounted eye trackers; both use a scene camera to capture the participants’ view of view and an ocular to track the pupil
Javal (1878) described eye movements during reading - used a mirror and the naked eye
Tied to cognition in the 70s
Personal computers in the 80s
Goldberg and Kotval first tied eye tracking to usability metrics in 1999
Corneal reflection was used as long ago as 1901
Infrared light and cameras track participants’ pupil via light reflection
So, have to screen out respondents with eye problems
The number of eye trackers has exploded in the past 2-3 years
Used to be $40,000 for a behemoth of a unit
Can now get a small, $100 eye tracker that works quite well
Trick is in the software; need good software to interpret the hardware’s data
Goggles for real-world; remote for on-screen
Eye tracking has shown us some cool stuff about how humans interact with websites and other interfaces
People tend to look at faces
F-pattern
Not here to argue whether eye tracking is worth it for UX research – plenty of debate there
Gaze plot allows us to see where one individual looked, in what order, and for how long
So let’s take a step back, forget about the traditional eye tracking metrics (fixations per second, fixation duration, time to 1st fixation)
At it’s most basic, eye trackers allow us to see where people are looking at a given point of time, which sets us up to collect biometric information
Whenever I say biometrics, many people tell me that they think I’m talking about the things used for security products
Yes, those are biometrics, but not the ones were talking about
Mainly looking at two body traces: GSR and heart rate
When we get stressed, we sweat, which increases the electrical conductivity of the skin
GSR capture devices allow us to measure the amount of conductivity by examining the resistance between two points
There’s a small gap after the participant experiences something before GSR reacts
Has been tied to cognitive load and overall stress
BVP is the measure of the amount of blood in our fingertips
When we have negative stress, blood rushes from our extremities to our vital organs – prepares us to run away from the lion
Positive stress = blood goes to the extremities (blushing)
You’re all probably wondering if all of this looks like something out of A Clockwork Orange
It doesn’t
Shimmer, Affectiva, Empatica, Journey to Wild Devine, heart rate ear clip for iPhone app