This document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste as any waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals. The largest sources are governmental and private hospitals. Exposure can cause infections, toxicity, and injuries. The most common infections are gastrointestinal, respiratory, ocular, skin, and bloodborne. Proper management includes surveying waste generated, segregating, categorizing, storing less than 48 hours, transporting, and treating waste. Treatment methods are incineration, chemical disinfection, thermal treatment, and land disposal.

1. • Bio-Medical waste management
- Dr. Preeti Tiwari

2. Contents
• Definition
• Source of Bio-Medical waste
• Most Common Infections by Bio-Medical
waste
• Steps in management of bio-medical waste

3. Bio-Medical Waste
“Any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment
or
immunization of human beings /animals
or
in research activities
Or
In health camps

4. Hazardous health care waste
– 85% waste is non infectious
– 10% are infectious
– 5% are hazardous

5. Source of Health Care Waste
• Governmental Hospital
• Private Hospital
• Nursing Homes
• Physician’s Office
• Dentist Office
• Dispensaries
• Mortuaries
• Blood Bank and collection center
• Animal Houses
• Laboratories
• Research Organizations

6. The exposure to hazardous health care waste can
result in
1. Infection
2. Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
3. Chemical toxicity
4. Physical injuries
5. Public sensitivity.

7. Infection
The infectious agents enter in the body through
 Puncture,
 Abrasion,
 Cut in the skin;
 Through mucous membranes;
 By inhalation and ingestion.

8. Most Common Infections
1. Gastro enteric through faeces and/or vomit
e.g. Salmonella, Vibrio Cholera, Helminthes
Hepatitis A.
2. Respiratory through inhaled secretions
e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis; measles virus;
streptococcus pneumonia.
3.Ocular infections through eye secretions
e.g. Herpes virus,

9. 4. Skin infection
e.g. Streptococcus
5. Meningitis through Cerebrospinal fluid
e.g. Neisseria meningitides
6. Blood borne diseases
• AIDS
• Septicaemia and bacteraemia
• Viral Hepatitis B & C
7. Hemorrhagic fevers

10. •
1998 2016
Authorisation > 1000 beds All occupiers-
health camp,
ayush
Operators duties Absent Listed
Categories 10 4
Annual reporting
format
Absent Present
Form VI Absent Introduced

11. 1.Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Collection & Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.
Steps in management of bio-medical
waste

12. 1. Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Collection & Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.

13. Source Reduction
• Source Reduction - ways to lessen the amount of
material

14. 1.Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Collection & Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.

15. • Segregate the waste at the at the point of generation –
respective bags
• Noninfectious waste out of the infectious waste stream

16. 1.Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.

18. Bio-Medical Waste Management 2016

19. 19
Blood bags found in the municipal waste stream in violation of
rules for such waste.

20. white
red

23. 1.Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.

24. • Untreated biomedical waste should not be stored for more
than 48 hours.
Special condition
• The occupier shall take appropriate measures to ensure
that the waste does not adversely affect human health and
the environment and inform the prescribed authority
along with the reasons for doing so.

25. 1.Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.

28. • Colour coded bags are sealed and labeled (as
specified in part ‘B’ of the Schedule IV)
• Transported daily within the hospital to
common collection point
• Transport the bio-medical waste to off-site
bio-medical waste treatment facility in a
vehicle having label as provided in part ‘A’ of
the Schedule IV

31. 1.Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Categorization of waste.
4. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs. )
5. Transportation of waste.
6. Treatment of waste.

32. Treatment & Disposal Technologies
• 1.Incineration
• 2.Chemical Disinfection
• 3.Wet and dry thermal treatment
• 4.Microwave irradiation
• 5.Land disposal
• 6.Plasma pyrolysis

33. Conclusion
• Thus refuse disposal cannot be solved without public
education.
• Individual participation is required.
• Municipality and government should pay importance to
disposal of waste economically.
• Thus educating and motivating oneself first is important and
then preach others about it.

34. LETTHEWASTEOFTHE“SICK”NOT
CONTAMINATETHELIVESOF
“THE HEALTHY”