This document contains a biology review with questions and answers about key topics like: - The basic components of living things like cells, biological elements, and biomolecules - The functions of biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - Important chemical reactions in living things like dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis - The roles of ATP and enzymes in storing and releasing energy

1. Biology
--Unit 1--
Review Flashcards

2. •Store energy by adding a
phosphate to ADP (forming
ATP).
What can ATP be used
•Release for energy in cells?
by removing a
phosphate from ATP.

3. •CHONPS
List out all of the
biological elements:
•Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

4. •Able to maintain homeostasis.
•Able to grow/develop.
•Able to respond/adapt/evolve.
•Able to reproduce.
•Able to metabolize and excrete.
What characteristics are
required to be living?

5. •Basic Units of Matter = Atoms
•WBashica Ut naitrse o ft Lhifee =b Caesllisc units
of matter? Of life?

6. •Chemical Potential Energy:
Energy stored in the bonds of
molecules.
What is the difference
between chemical
potential and kinetic
•Kinetic Energy:
Energy being energy?
used right now in a
chemical reaction.

7. •They cannot do any of the
following on their own (or
without a host cell):
•Maintain homeostasis
•Grow / Develop
•Metabolize / Excrete
•Reproduce
Why are viruses NOT
considered to be living?

8. •Carbohydrate Monomers =
Monosaccharides
•Lipid Monomers =
Fatty Acids + Glycerol
•Protein Monomers =
Amino Acids
•Nucleic Acid Monomers =
Nucleotides
List out the Monomers
for:
Carbohydrates, Lipids,
Proteins and Nucleic
Acids

9. •Carbohydrate Polymers =
Polysaccharides
•Lipid Polymers =
Phospholipids, Fats, Oils
•Protein Polymers =
Polypeptides, Enzymes
•Nucleic Acid Polymers =
DNA & RNA
List out the Polymers for:
Carbohydrates, Lipids,
Proteins, and Nucleic
Acids

10. •Provide cells with:
Immediate energy
…and…
Intermediate energy What are the functions
of carbohydrates?

11. •Provide cells with long term
energy storage.
•Form cell membranes. What are the functions
of lipids?

12. •Catalyze chemical reactions.
•EWxphreasst inasrteru ctthioen sf iunn DcNtAio. ns
of proteins?

13. •Provide cells with genetic
instructions to make protein.
What are the functions
of nucleic acids?

14. •There is an uneven distribution of
charge across the surface of a
molecule.
(What One end does of the polar molecule mean?
is more
positively charged, and the other
end is more negatively charged.)

15. •The structure of the active site on
the ENZYME changes.
•The What enzyme happens can no longer
when an
function in the reaction.
•The enzyme enzyme can is denatured?
no longer
INCREASE the speed of the
reaction.

16. 1) Dehydration Synthesis
2) Water is being removed.
3) The monomers are being bonded
For this diagram:
together to form a polymer.
1) What is the name of the process?
2)What is happening with water?
4) Cells use this to store energy in
newly formed bonds.
3) What is happening with the molecules?
4) What is this process used for?

17. 1) Hydrolysis
2) Water is being added.
3) The polymer is being broken
apart into individual monomers.
4) Cells use this For this to diagram:
release energy
1) What is the name of the process?
2)What is happening with water?
from the broken bonds.
3) What is happening with the molecules?
4) What is this process used for?

18. •Speed up the rate (make it go
faster).
What do enzymes do to
chemical reactions?

19. •Carbohydrates
What type of
biomolecule are starches
and sugars?

20. •Carbon
What is the most
common and important
biological element?

21. •To make/build cell membranes.
What is the function of
phospholipids?

22. •Dehydration Synthesis
What reaction bonds
together monomers to
form larger polymers?

23. •Hydrolysis
Which reaction breaks
apart polymers to form
smaller monomers?

24. •Hydrolysis
Which reaction is used
to release energy?

25. •Dehydration Synthesis
Which reaction is used
to store energy?

26. •A protein in our blood that allows
oxygen to bind to our red blood
cells.
What is hemoglobin?

27. •By removing a phosphate.
How is energy released
from ATP?

28. •A phosphate is added.
How is energy stored in
ADP?

29. •Since Benedict tests for Monosaccharides:
•The solution contains monosaccharides.
•The solution provides short term energy.
A solution reacts with Benedict
and Iodine (which test for
monosaccharides and
•Since Iodine tests for Polysaccharides:
•The solution polysaccharides).
contains polysaccharides.
•The solution provides intermediate energy.
List out everything you know
about this solution:

30. •Since Sudan tests for Lipids:
• It contains lipids.
• It A is made solution of fatty acids reacts and glycerol.
with Sudan
• It could form cell membranes or provide long term
(which test for lipids).
energy storage.
List out everything you know
about this solution:

31. •Since Biuret tests for Proteins:
• It contains proteins.
•It is made of amino acids.
• It could catalyze chemical reactions. A solution reacts with Biuret
(which test for proteins).
List out everything you know
about this solution:

32. Draw 2 graphs to compare
Monosaccharide
monosaccharides and
Energy Energy Polysaccharide
polysaccharides.
Time Time
•The monosaccharide line shows a quick spike and
drop in energy, because monosaccharides provide
a Explain short burst why of energy.
you drew them like
•The polysaccharide line shows longer lasting
energy, because polysaccharides this…
provide
intermediate energy.

33. Draw 2 graphs to compare a
reaction “WITH”
happening WITH an
enzyme, and one WITHOUT an
Activ. Activ.
“WITHOUT”
Energy
Energy
Time Time
enzyme.
•The “with” line is shorter, because enzymes allow
reactions to happen with less (or decreased)
activation energy required.
•The Explain “without” why line is you taller, drew because them without like
an
enzyme, more activation energy is required to get
the reaction going.
this…

34. •Enzymes denature at high temperatures (like what you
have when you have a fever).
•When an enzyme denatures, the structure of its active
site changes…
• This prevents the substrate from binding to it…
• Which means the enzyme can’t function in that
reaction anymore.
• Living things rely on chemical reactions and enzymes to
stay alive, so without enzymes, the living thing can die.
Explain why fevers are dangerous
to enzymes and living organisms:

35. • A living thing should:
• Be made of cells.
• Be made of water.
• Be made of 6 biological elements (CHONPS).
• Be made of 4 biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins,
Lipids, Nucleic Acids).
• Be able to do the following on its own:
Explain what scientists can use to
identify if something is living:
• Grow
• Reproduce
• Adapt/Evolve
• Metabolize / Excrete
• Maintain Homeostasis