This document outlines the syllabus for a Biology 151 immunology course. It includes the course description, objectives, calendar of activities, requirements and policies. The course covers the structure and function of the immune system, antigens and antibodies, innate and adaptive immunity, immunodeficiencies, and vaccines. It is comprised of lectures, laboratory sessions, exams and a group presentation on vaccine challenges. The grading is based on exam scores, quizzes, reports and performance.
This document provides guidance for investigating and responding to foodborne illness outbreaks in Kansas. It contains five sections that outline the epidemiologic, laboratory, and environmental components of an outbreak investigation. The preface describes improvements made to this updated manual based on user feedback. It serves as a comprehensive reference for outbreak investigators in Kansas.
This document is an edited volume on dioxins and health that contains 22 chapters contributed by experts in various related fields. It provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the production, distribution, fate, and measurement of dioxins in the environment and food. It also examines the toxicology, dose-response modeling, immunotoxicity, developmental and reproductive effects of dioxin exposure. Additional chapters analyze epidemiological studies on cancer and exposure, reproductive health consequences, case studies of major dioxin accidents and incidents, and the involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in dioxin toxicity. The volume aims to inform readers about the health risks of dioxins and related compounds.
This document provides an overview of immunodeficiency diseases. It describes how immunodeficiencies can be primary, due to abnormalities in immune system development, or secondary, resulting from other diseases or conditions. The major classifications of primary immunodeficiencies are then outlined, including humoral deficiencies affecting B cells, cellular deficiencies affecting T cells, combined deficiencies, and disorders of complement and phagocytosis. Several specific primary immunodeficiency diseases are then described in more detail. Secondary immunodeficiencies resulting from external factors like malnutrition, infection, or drugs are also briefly discussed.
The document summarizes a biology lecture on hypersensitivities and immunity to infectious diseases. It discusses the four types of hypersensitivities - type I or immediate hypersensitivity, type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity, type III or immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity, and type IV or delayed hypersensitivity. It also covers immunity against various infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites and emerging/re-emerging infections. The lecture focuses on innate and adaptive immune responses mounted by the host against infectious diseases.
This document provides an overview of biodiversity in the Philippines. It begins by defining key terms like endemism. It then discusses the high plant diversity in the Philippines, noting there are an estimated 12,000 plant species, with many ferns, orchids, and mosses being endemic. The document highlights some examples of endemic species within these groups. It also addresses the country's status as one of 17 megadiverse countries and notes the large numbers of endemic animal species like birds, mammals, and reptiles found in the Philippines. Threats to the country's biodiversity like habitat loss are also examined.
This document provides an overview of immunoglobulin gene families and antibody diversity. It discusses the organization and expression of light chain and heavy chain gene families, including multiple V and C region genes separated by introns on different chromosomes. During B cell development, DNA rearrangements bring a V gene next to a J region (and D region for heavy chains), which allows transcription and expression of a single antibody gene from the multiple gene segments. This genetic rearrangement and alternative splicing mechanisms contribute greatly to antibody diversity.
This document discusses antigens and antibodies. It defines antigens as any molecule that can bind specifically to an antibody. Antigens include sugars, lipids, proteins and more. They can be found on microbes or in the environment. The document discusses the properties of antigens including their ability to induce immune responses or tolerance. It also discusses immunogens versus haptens. Factors that influence antigen immunogenicity are also covered such as molecular size, composition, and an antigen's susceptibility to processing and presentation. The role of adjuvants in enhancing immune responses is also summarized.
This document discusses immunological tolerance and regulatory T cells. It defines tolerance as unresponsiveness to antigen induced by previous exposure. Central tolerance occurs in the thymus through deletion of self-reactive T cells. Peripheral tolerance occurs through several mechanisms in tissues, including regulatory T cells that suppress immune responses. The key transcription factor controlling regulatory T cells is FOXP3. Mutations in FOXP3 can lead to immune dysregulation diseases like IPEX syndrome.
This document provides guidance for investigating and responding to foodborne illness outbreaks in Kansas. It contains five sections that outline the epidemiologic, laboratory, and environmental components of an outbreak investigation. The preface describes improvements made to this updated manual based on user feedback. It serves as a comprehensive reference for outbreak investigators in Kansas.
This document is an edited volume on dioxins and health that contains 22 chapters contributed by experts in various related fields. It provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the production, distribution, fate, and measurement of dioxins in the environment and food. It also examines the toxicology, dose-response modeling, immunotoxicity, developmental and reproductive effects of dioxin exposure. Additional chapters analyze epidemiological studies on cancer and exposure, reproductive health consequences, case studies of major dioxin accidents and incidents, and the involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in dioxin toxicity. The volume aims to inform readers about the health risks of dioxins and related compounds.
This document provides an overview of immunodeficiency diseases. It describes how immunodeficiencies can be primary, due to abnormalities in immune system development, or secondary, resulting from other diseases or conditions. The major classifications of primary immunodeficiencies are then outlined, including humoral deficiencies affecting B cells, cellular deficiencies affecting T cells, combined deficiencies, and disorders of complement and phagocytosis. Several specific primary immunodeficiency diseases are then described in more detail. Secondary immunodeficiencies resulting from external factors like malnutrition, infection, or drugs are also briefly discussed.
The document summarizes a biology lecture on hypersensitivities and immunity to infectious diseases. It discusses the four types of hypersensitivities - type I or immediate hypersensitivity, type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity, type III or immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity, and type IV or delayed hypersensitivity. It also covers immunity against various infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites and emerging/re-emerging infections. The lecture focuses on innate and adaptive immune responses mounted by the host against infectious diseases.
This document provides an overview of biodiversity in the Philippines. It begins by defining key terms like endemism. It then discusses the high plant diversity in the Philippines, noting there are an estimated 12,000 plant species, with many ferns, orchids, and mosses being endemic. The document highlights some examples of endemic species within these groups. It also addresses the country's status as one of 17 megadiverse countries and notes the large numbers of endemic animal species like birds, mammals, and reptiles found in the Philippines. Threats to the country's biodiversity like habitat loss are also examined.
This document provides an overview of immunoglobulin gene families and antibody diversity. It discusses the organization and expression of light chain and heavy chain gene families, including multiple V and C region genes separated by introns on different chromosomes. During B cell development, DNA rearrangements bring a V gene next to a J region (and D region for heavy chains), which allows transcription and expression of a single antibody gene from the multiple gene segments. This genetic rearrangement and alternative splicing mechanisms contribute greatly to antibody diversity.
This document discusses antigens and antibodies. It defines antigens as any molecule that can bind specifically to an antibody. Antigens include sugars, lipids, proteins and more. They can be found on microbes or in the environment. The document discusses the properties of antigens including their ability to induce immune responses or tolerance. It also discusses immunogens versus haptens. Factors that influence antigen immunogenicity are also covered such as molecular size, composition, and an antigen's susceptibility to processing and presentation. The role of adjuvants in enhancing immune responses is also summarized.
This document discusses immunological tolerance and regulatory T cells. It defines tolerance as unresponsiveness to antigen induced by previous exposure. Central tolerance occurs in the thymus through deletion of self-reactive T cells. Peripheral tolerance occurs through several mechanisms in tissues, including regulatory T cells that suppress immune responses. The key transcription factor controlling regulatory T cells is FOXP3. Mutations in FOXP3 can lead to immune dysregulation diseases like IPEX syndrome.
Advanced Immunology: Antigen Processing and PresentationHercolanium GDeath
1. Antigens are internalized by antigen presenting cells through endocytosis and degraded within lysosomes into peptide fragments.
2. Peptide fragments from extracellular antigens bind to MHC class II molecules within antigen processing vesicles. The vesicles containing MHC class II-peptide complexes fuse with the cell membrane and present the complexes to CD4+ T cells.
3. Peptide fragments from intracellular antigens are degraded by the proteasome and transported into the endoplasmic reticulum by TAP proteins. The peptides bind to MHC class I molecules and the complexes are presented on the cell surface to CD8+ T cells.
This document discusses antigen processing. It provides evidence that:
1) Antigens must be processed to be recognized by T cells, as T cells do not recognize native antigens. Antigen processing involves uptake, degradation, complex formation and presentation.
2) Antigen processing can take place in lysosomes, as extracellular antigens are dealt with by the lysosomal system. However, a non-lysosomal mechanism is also required to process intracellular antigens from viruses that infect most cell types.
3) Infectious viruses use the cellular protein synthesis machinery to replicate and generate antigens through a non-lysosomal pathway, while inactivated viruses are processed through the lysosomal pathway to generate antigens recognized by some CTLs
Immunological Disorders can be classified into 3 distinct categories.They are Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency.Here in this presentation we talk about Immunodeficiency disorders.Get more on our blog : http://dentistryandmedicine.blogspot.com/
An overview of primary immunodeficiency diseases 2014avicena1
This document provides an overview of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs). It discusses the key roles of the immune system, host immune defense mechanisms including innate and acquired immunity, types of immunodeficiencies including defects in immune system components, clinical features of PIDs, accurate diagnosis and classification of PIDs, prevalence of PIDs, PID classification systems, immunopathologic basis of PID including major host defense deficiencies, primary antibody disorders, T cell/combined immunodeficiencies including severe combined immunodeficiency, and other forms of immunodeficiencies.
This document summarizes several viral infections including measles, mumps, poliovirus, viral hemorrhagic fevers, herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human papillomaviruses. It describes the viruses that cause each infection, how they are transmitted, the path they take in the body, clinical manifestations, morphologic findings, and potential complications. Chronic infections like herpes viruses and hepatitis B are able to evade the immune system and cause long-term infections while others like measles and mumps typically cause acute, transient infections.
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in health planning. It discusses that health planning is a process that culminates in decisions around future health facilities and services to meet community needs. There are different types of planning based on time frame (short, medium, long term) and hierarchy of goals (health policy, program, operational). Effective health planning is multidisciplinary, takes a multisectoral approach, and involves teamwork. The key steps in health planning include situation analysis, problem identification and prioritization, setting goals and targets, determining and analyzing strategies, identifying major activities, developing a budget, and establishing monitoring and evaluation.
This document contains an outline of lecture topics covering virology, medical microbiology, environmental microbiology, and industrial microbiology. The virology section includes figures and tables on virus isolation. The medical microbiology section covers pathogenicity, diseases, and microbial relationships. Environmental microbiology discusses water and food microbiology. Industrial microbiology focuses on microbes relevant to food production and other industries.
This document summarizes cell-mediated effector response biology. It discusses how cell-mediated immunity detects and eliminates intracellular pathogens and tumor cells through cells like CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells. It describes the mechanisms by which cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells kill infected or abnormal cells through directed release of cytotoxic proteins or interaction of membrane-bound ligands and receptors on target cells.
This document discusses immunity to various infectious diseases. It covers innate and adaptive immunity, immunity to viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths. For bacteria, both extracellular and intracellular types are discussed. The roles of antibodies and cell-mediated responses are described for different pathogens depending on where they reside in the host. Mechanisms by which pathogens evade immunity are also summarized.
Cell-mediated immunity involves T lymphocytes that combat intracellular microbes. There are two phases: activation of naive T cells by antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissues, followed by migration of effector T cells to sites of infection. Effector T cells differentiate into subsets like TH1 and TH2 cells that secrete cytokines activating other immune cells. CD8+ T cells become cytotoxic T lymphocytes that directly kill infected cells. Memory T cells remain after infection clearance to provide rapid protection upon reexposure.
Specific antibody deficiency is characterized by a failure to respond to polysaccharide antigens, leading to recurrent sinopulmonary infections, despite normal immunoglobulin levels and response to protein antigens. It has a variety of clinical and immunological phenotypes that can be transient or permanent. Diagnosis involves evaluating the pattern of infections and measuring pneumococcal antibody levels before and after vaccination. Management includes immunizations, antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment, and potentially immunoglobulin replacement therapy to prevent organ damage from infections. With proper treatment, the prognosis is generally good, but permanent sequelae can occur if left undiagnosed or untreated.
This document provides an overview of immunodeficiency. It defines immunodeficiency and discusses primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. It describes the immune system and its four arms. It discusses various types of primary immunodeficiencies that affect B cells, T cells, phagocytes, and complement pathways. It also discusses common variable immunodeficiency and selective IgA deficiency. Secondary immunodeficiencies caused by AIDS, cancer, diabetes, transplantation, autoimmune diseases, steroids, asplenia, and aging are summarized. Tests for evaluating immunodeficiency and treatment options are briefly outlined.
This document discusses primary immunodeficiencies, which are a group of genetically determined disorders characterized by impaired immune response. It defines several types of primary immunodeficiencies including SCID, XLA, DiGeorge syndrome, Ataxia-teleangectesia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and CGD. For each, it describes the genetic cause, characteristic infections, clinical features, and available therapies. The document provides an overview of primary immunodeficiencies for educational purposes.
This document discusses a case presentation of a 2-year-old boy named D. George who has been brought in by his parents due to concerns about recurrent infections. The boy has a history of frequent upper respiratory infections and ear infections, and has been hospitalized twice for infections. The document provides background on primary immunodeficiency diseases and different aspects of the immune system to help evaluate the child's condition and determine if he has an immunodeficiency.
Immunodeficiency disorders are associated with defects or impairments in immune function that can be congenital or acquired. Primary immunodeficiency diseases involve genetic defects affecting B cell, T cell, or phagocytic cell development. Common symptoms include recurrent infections, failure to thrive, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. HIV/AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency disorder that progressively weakens the immune system by attacking CD4 cells, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
The document outlines the immune response to viral infections. It discusses that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that cannot replicate without hijacking a host cell. The innate immune response includes epithelial barriers, interferons like IFN-α and IFN-β, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Adaptive responses involve antiviral antibodies that can neutralize viruses or mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes that identify and kill infected cells. Overall, the immune system employs diverse innate and adaptive mechanisms to recognize, control and clear viral infections.
The document summarizes the immune system's responses to infectious diseases. It describes three levels of defense - epithelial barriers, innate immune responses, and acquired immune responses. The innate immune responses provide non-specific protection and include phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, complement proteins, acute-phase proteins, and cytokines. The acquired immune responses improve upon repeat exposure and involve antigen-specific B and T cells that work together to eliminate pathogens.
This document discusses the history and mechanisms of immunosuppressant drugs. It begins by outlining the early development of corticosteroids and other drugs in the 1940s-1970s to prevent organ transplant rejection. It then details several classes of immunosuppressants based on their molecular targets and cellular effects, including monoclonal antibodies, T cell-directed agents like calcineurin inhibitors, B cell-directed agents like Rituximab, agents targeting cytokines and chemokines, and non-specific pan-lymphocyte depleting agents. For each drug class and example drug, it describes the relevant immune cells and pathways that are modulated to achieve immunosuppression.
The document provides an overview of the immune system, including its innate and adaptive components. It defines key terms like antigens, immunogens, epitopes, and antibodies. It describes factors that influence antigen immunogenicity, such as physical and chemical properties, dose, and route of administration. It also outlines the characteristics of different antigen types including T-independent, T-dependent, and super antigens. Finally, it discusses the differences between antigens recognized by the adaptive immune system versus pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system.
Rapid diagnostic tests (RIDTs) can diagnose influenza quickly but have lower accuracy than polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, which take 1-10 days for results but are more sensitive. A study found RIDTs have higher accuracy in children than adults. While RIDTs are useful for influenza treatment, they cannot rule out influenza on their own. Additionally, a new PCR-based technique can identify sloth species using mitochondrial DNA, allowing for more effective conservation management.
This document outlines the course structure for BIO101 Essentials of Biology Lab, a one-semester course for non-science majors. The course introduces concepts in cells and metabolism, biodiversity, genetics, evolution, health and disease, and ecology. It enables students to apply biological principles to everyday life. The course involves both lectures and laboratory work. Students will be evaluated through tests, assignments, lab work, and a final exam assessing their understanding of core biological concepts and ability to apply scientific thinking.
Advanced Immunology: Antigen Processing and PresentationHercolanium GDeath
1. Antigens are internalized by antigen presenting cells through endocytosis and degraded within lysosomes into peptide fragments.
2. Peptide fragments from extracellular antigens bind to MHC class II molecules within antigen processing vesicles. The vesicles containing MHC class II-peptide complexes fuse with the cell membrane and present the complexes to CD4+ T cells.
3. Peptide fragments from intracellular antigens are degraded by the proteasome and transported into the endoplasmic reticulum by TAP proteins. The peptides bind to MHC class I molecules and the complexes are presented on the cell surface to CD8+ T cells.
This document discusses antigen processing. It provides evidence that:
1) Antigens must be processed to be recognized by T cells, as T cells do not recognize native antigens. Antigen processing involves uptake, degradation, complex formation and presentation.
2) Antigen processing can take place in lysosomes, as extracellular antigens are dealt with by the lysosomal system. However, a non-lysosomal mechanism is also required to process intracellular antigens from viruses that infect most cell types.
3) Infectious viruses use the cellular protein synthesis machinery to replicate and generate antigens through a non-lysosomal pathway, while inactivated viruses are processed through the lysosomal pathway to generate antigens recognized by some CTLs
Immunological Disorders can be classified into 3 distinct categories.They are Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency.Here in this presentation we talk about Immunodeficiency disorders.Get more on our blog : http://dentistryandmedicine.blogspot.com/
An overview of primary immunodeficiency diseases 2014avicena1
This document provides an overview of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs). It discusses the key roles of the immune system, host immune defense mechanisms including innate and acquired immunity, types of immunodeficiencies including defects in immune system components, clinical features of PIDs, accurate diagnosis and classification of PIDs, prevalence of PIDs, PID classification systems, immunopathologic basis of PID including major host defense deficiencies, primary antibody disorders, T cell/combined immunodeficiencies including severe combined immunodeficiency, and other forms of immunodeficiencies.
This document summarizes several viral infections including measles, mumps, poliovirus, viral hemorrhagic fevers, herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human papillomaviruses. It describes the viruses that cause each infection, how they are transmitted, the path they take in the body, clinical manifestations, morphologic findings, and potential complications. Chronic infections like herpes viruses and hepatitis B are able to evade the immune system and cause long-term infections while others like measles and mumps typically cause acute, transient infections.
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in health planning. It discusses that health planning is a process that culminates in decisions around future health facilities and services to meet community needs. There are different types of planning based on time frame (short, medium, long term) and hierarchy of goals (health policy, program, operational). Effective health planning is multidisciplinary, takes a multisectoral approach, and involves teamwork. The key steps in health planning include situation analysis, problem identification and prioritization, setting goals and targets, determining and analyzing strategies, identifying major activities, developing a budget, and establishing monitoring and evaluation.
This document contains an outline of lecture topics covering virology, medical microbiology, environmental microbiology, and industrial microbiology. The virology section includes figures and tables on virus isolation. The medical microbiology section covers pathogenicity, diseases, and microbial relationships. Environmental microbiology discusses water and food microbiology. Industrial microbiology focuses on microbes relevant to food production and other industries.
This document summarizes cell-mediated effector response biology. It discusses how cell-mediated immunity detects and eliminates intracellular pathogens and tumor cells through cells like CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells. It describes the mechanisms by which cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells kill infected or abnormal cells through directed release of cytotoxic proteins or interaction of membrane-bound ligands and receptors on target cells.
This document discusses immunity to various infectious diseases. It covers innate and adaptive immunity, immunity to viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths. For bacteria, both extracellular and intracellular types are discussed. The roles of antibodies and cell-mediated responses are described for different pathogens depending on where they reside in the host. Mechanisms by which pathogens evade immunity are also summarized.
Cell-mediated immunity involves T lymphocytes that combat intracellular microbes. There are two phases: activation of naive T cells by antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissues, followed by migration of effector T cells to sites of infection. Effector T cells differentiate into subsets like TH1 and TH2 cells that secrete cytokines activating other immune cells. CD8+ T cells become cytotoxic T lymphocytes that directly kill infected cells. Memory T cells remain after infection clearance to provide rapid protection upon reexposure.
Specific antibody deficiency is characterized by a failure to respond to polysaccharide antigens, leading to recurrent sinopulmonary infections, despite normal immunoglobulin levels and response to protein antigens. It has a variety of clinical and immunological phenotypes that can be transient or permanent. Diagnosis involves evaluating the pattern of infections and measuring pneumococcal antibody levels before and after vaccination. Management includes immunizations, antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment, and potentially immunoglobulin replacement therapy to prevent organ damage from infections. With proper treatment, the prognosis is generally good, but permanent sequelae can occur if left undiagnosed or untreated.
This document provides an overview of immunodeficiency. It defines immunodeficiency and discusses primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. It describes the immune system and its four arms. It discusses various types of primary immunodeficiencies that affect B cells, T cells, phagocytes, and complement pathways. It also discusses common variable immunodeficiency and selective IgA deficiency. Secondary immunodeficiencies caused by AIDS, cancer, diabetes, transplantation, autoimmune diseases, steroids, asplenia, and aging are summarized. Tests for evaluating immunodeficiency and treatment options are briefly outlined.
This document discusses primary immunodeficiencies, which are a group of genetically determined disorders characterized by impaired immune response. It defines several types of primary immunodeficiencies including SCID, XLA, DiGeorge syndrome, Ataxia-teleangectesia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and CGD. For each, it describes the genetic cause, characteristic infections, clinical features, and available therapies. The document provides an overview of primary immunodeficiencies for educational purposes.
This document discusses a case presentation of a 2-year-old boy named D. George who has been brought in by his parents due to concerns about recurrent infections. The boy has a history of frequent upper respiratory infections and ear infections, and has been hospitalized twice for infections. The document provides background on primary immunodeficiency diseases and different aspects of the immune system to help evaluate the child's condition and determine if he has an immunodeficiency.
Immunodeficiency disorders are associated with defects or impairments in immune function that can be congenital or acquired. Primary immunodeficiency diseases involve genetic defects affecting B cell, T cell, or phagocytic cell development. Common symptoms include recurrent infections, failure to thrive, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. HIV/AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency disorder that progressively weakens the immune system by attacking CD4 cells, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
The document outlines the immune response to viral infections. It discusses that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that cannot replicate without hijacking a host cell. The innate immune response includes epithelial barriers, interferons like IFN-α and IFN-β, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Adaptive responses involve antiviral antibodies that can neutralize viruses or mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes that identify and kill infected cells. Overall, the immune system employs diverse innate and adaptive mechanisms to recognize, control and clear viral infections.
The document summarizes the immune system's responses to infectious diseases. It describes three levels of defense - epithelial barriers, innate immune responses, and acquired immune responses. The innate immune responses provide non-specific protection and include phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, complement proteins, acute-phase proteins, and cytokines. The acquired immune responses improve upon repeat exposure and involve antigen-specific B and T cells that work together to eliminate pathogens.
This document discusses the history and mechanisms of immunosuppressant drugs. It begins by outlining the early development of corticosteroids and other drugs in the 1940s-1970s to prevent organ transplant rejection. It then details several classes of immunosuppressants based on their molecular targets and cellular effects, including monoclonal antibodies, T cell-directed agents like calcineurin inhibitors, B cell-directed agents like Rituximab, agents targeting cytokines and chemokines, and non-specific pan-lymphocyte depleting agents. For each drug class and example drug, it describes the relevant immune cells and pathways that are modulated to achieve immunosuppression.
The document provides an overview of the immune system, including its innate and adaptive components. It defines key terms like antigens, immunogens, epitopes, and antibodies. It describes factors that influence antigen immunogenicity, such as physical and chemical properties, dose, and route of administration. It also outlines the characteristics of different antigen types including T-independent, T-dependent, and super antigens. Finally, it discusses the differences between antigens recognized by the adaptive immune system versus pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system.
Rapid diagnostic tests (RIDTs) can diagnose influenza quickly but have lower accuracy than polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, which take 1-10 days for results but are more sensitive. A study found RIDTs have higher accuracy in children than adults. While RIDTs are useful for influenza treatment, they cannot rule out influenza on their own. Additionally, a new PCR-based technique can identify sloth species using mitochondrial DNA, allowing for more effective conservation management.
This document outlines the course structure for BIO101 Essentials of Biology Lab, a one-semester course for non-science majors. The course introduces concepts in cells and metabolism, biodiversity, genetics, evolution, health and disease, and ecology. It enables students to apply biological principles to everyday life. The course involves both lectures and laboratory work. Students will be evaluated through tests, assignments, lab work, and a final exam assessing their understanding of core biological concepts and ability to apply scientific thinking.
This document outlines the syllabus for the MIC 206 Mycology course. The key points are:
1. The course objectives are for students to learn about fungal classification, reproduction, relationships with other organisms, and applications.
2. Assessment includes tests, lab reports, assignments, and a final exam worth a total of 100%.
3. The course involves 2 hours of lectures and 2 hours of practical lab per week.
4. Topics over the 15 weeks include fungal structure, reproduction, growth, interactions with other organisms, and industrial uses. Students will also participate in a site visit and group video project.
3er Curso Latino Americano de Cicatrización Avanzada en Heridas (I)Karen Pulido
The document discusses various bacterial pathogens commonly found in wounds such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae. It describes the virulence factors and strategies used by these bacteria to evade the immune system, including the production of biofilms. The summary also outlines approaches to reducing bacterial bioburden in wounds through cleansing, debridement, and judicious use of antibiotics while supporting the host's natural immune response.
This document discusses the immune system and serological diagnostic testing. It begins with an overview of the immune system, including its basic functions of protecting the body from pathogens and abnormal cells. It then discusses natural and acquired immunity, including specific and nonspecific mechanisms. The document also covers antibody classes IgA through IgE, nutrition and deficiency disorders, diagnostic test procedures such as latex, ELISA and PCR, sample requirements, interpreting results, and conclusions regarding serological testing.
SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC TEST AND IT'S INTERPRETATION FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASESfahadzubairi
A presentation SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC TEST AND IT'S INTERPRETATION FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
Dr. Sayed Inseram Ali. B.Sc. ( Hons ), M.Sc.; AACC, ASMT, ASM, : USA; R.M. CANADA; IFCC U. K.
The document discusses allergic reactions to dental materials. It begins with definitions of terms like biocompatibility, biomaterial, and allergy. It then discusses the history of using dental materials and experimenting on patients, leading to modern regulations and ethics. The document outlines different types of allergic reactions and potential allergens from dental materials like mercury, nickel, and resin monomers. It also discusses common allergic reactions seen in dentistry like allergic contact dermatitis, stomatitis, and cheilitis. Testing and standards for evaluating dental materials are also summarized.
Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in human populations. It aims to describe and analyze disease occurrence and distribution, identify etiological factors, and provide data to plan and implement health services. There are three main components of epidemiology: disease frequency, distribution, and determination. Epidemiology is used to study health histories, arrive at community diagnoses, plan and evaluate health services, evaluate risks, identify disease syndromes, and search for causes and risk factors. Immunity can be natural or artificial, with the latter including active immunity through vaccination or passive immunity through antibodies. Vaccines work by containing antigens that stimulate antibody production.
The document provides instructions and templates for laboratory writing assignments as part of the RISE Program at the University of Puerto Rico - Cayey. It details 3 workshops that students participated in to learn various laboratory techniques. The first workshop covered microscopy techniques including bright field, dark field, and phase contrast microscopy as well as photomicrography. The second workshop involved using micropipettes, performing aseptic techniques, and working with bacteria. The third workshop over 3 days taught techniques in DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis, protein separation, and detection of oncogenes and oncoproteins. The document emphasizes that mastery of these laboratory techniques is important for scientific discovery and diagnostic applications in
The lesson plan summarizes a microbiology class that will teach students about immunity. The class will define immunity, list the different types of immunity which include innate immunity and acquired immunity, and explain these concepts in more detail. Students will learn about species immunity, racial immunity, individual immunity, natural and artificial acquired immunity, and miscellaneous immunity concepts like herd immunity. The class will use a lecture and discussion format along with visual aids to engage students on this topic.
Investigation of IgA Antinuclear Antibody responses in AutoimmunityCiarán Frewen
This document provides background information on autoimmunity and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). It discusses the immune system, including the innate and adaptive responses. Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases. ANAs are autoantibodies that bind to components in the cell nucleus. The presence of certain ANAs is associated with connective tissue diseases like lupus and Sjögren's syndrome. The document aims to establish an immunofluorescent assay to detect IgG and IgA ANAs in serum samples from patients with connective tissue diseases. It will optimize the assay and compare ANA patterns between IgG, IgA and anti-light chain responses
ICIS Module Spec - BI2S64 Medical MicrobiologyDaniel Band
This document provides information about the Medical Microbiology module taught at a university between 2012-2018. It includes details about the module leader, credit value, learning outcomes, content covered, teaching methods, prerequisites, and assessment criteria. The module aims to show how human pathogens cause disease at the molecular level and how understanding microbial disease mechanisms informs clinical therapy. Students learn about the genetics, biochemistry, and physiology of microbes involved in human disease, and study specific infectious disease cases through epidemiology, pathology, therapy.
What is the Role of Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies in Drug Development?GenScript ProBio
In the late 1980s, therapeutic proteins like monoclonal antibody protein-based conjugates, antibody-drug conjugates bispecific antibodies, etc. are widely used for the treatment of HIV as well as tumours and other illnesses. This led to the growth in the industry of pharmaceuticals as well as the health of humans. To know more about Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies in Drug Development consult us now at: https://www.genscriptprobio.com/add-therapeutic-antibody-discovery.html
This document discusses pathology, including its history, definitions, subdivisions, and methods. It notes that Hippocrates emphasized natural talent, instruction, environment, and diligence for medicine. Key figures like Van Leeuwenhoek introduced the microscope and Jenner developed smallpox inoculation. Pathology involves studying disease causes, processes, and structural/functional changes. It can be divided into general pathology of common diseases and systems-specific pathology. Methods include gross and microscopic examination of tissues, as well as histochemical staining, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and molecular techniques.
GRF One Health Summit 2012, Davos: Presentation by Prof. Cezmi A. Akdis - Director - Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research SIAF / President - European Academy of Allergy Clinical Immunology EAACI
This document provides instructions for a laboratory exercise on using the compound microscope, including identifying microscope parts, proper care techniques, calculating magnification, and utilizing different lens powers. It explains that the compound microscope uses multiple lenses to magnify objects beyond what is visible to the naked eye. Proper use of immersion oil and understanding numerical aperture allow for gathering more light and achieving better image resolution under the microscope.
Immunokimia discusses key concepts in immunology including:
1. The innate and adaptive immune systems which make up the body's defense against infection.
2. The difference between primary and secondary antibodies where primary antibodies bind directly to antigens and secondary antibodies bind to primary antibodies.
3. Direct and indirect detection methods for proteins where direct uses a single labeled antibody and indirect uses two antibodies - a primary and secondary with the secondary being labeled.
Antibiotic resistance is increasing in Gram Negative organisms. It is important to know the antibiogram of the hospital to start empirical therapy. It can serve as a reference to clinician looking for information on antibiotic resistance. A retrospective analysis of the isolates obtained from January 2016 to December 2016 was performed. Samples were processed as per CLSI guideline. A total of 718 isolates were obtained. These were analysed for the prevalence
of MDR/XDR/PDR. It was found that XDR isolates are prevalent in our teaching hospital. The study showed an emergence in pan drug resistant isolates. The knowledge of local antibiogram
along with strong antibiotic stewardship program can help in guiding antibiotic therapy.This reduces antibiotic pressure among organisms and hence development of resistance.
Traditional versus Modern Biotechnology (Exam 2 coverage)Marilen Parungao
Traditional (classical) biotechnology includes fermentation, breeding, and the production of antibiotics and vaccines. Fermentation involves using microbes like yeast and bacteria to produce foods and beverages through anaerobic respiration, including beer, wine, cheese, bread and yogurt. Breeding techniques like inbreeding and crossbreeding were used to selectively develop plant and animal varieties with desirable traits. Early methods discovered antibiotics produced by microorganisms and used vaccines containing weakened or killed pathogens to trigger immune responses without causing illness.
This document discusses biodiversity, including its definition, levels, importance, threats, and status in the Philippines. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including diversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. The lecture notes cover the three main levels of biodiversity and provides examples. It emphasizes that biodiversity is important to preserve for economic, aesthetic, and scientific reasons. Major threats to biodiversity include habitat loss, overexploitation, climate change, pollution, and invasive species. The document concludes that the Philippines is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with over half of its plant and animal species being endemic.
Traditional (classical) biotechnology refers to techniques that have been used for thousands of years, such as fermentation processes. Key applications of fermentation included producing foods like beer, wine, cheese, bread and yogurt. These processes harness microbes like yeast and bacteria to convert sugars into products like ethanol, lactic acid, carbon dioxide and other compounds, allowing foods to be preserved and enhancing flavors. Traditional biotechnology built upon ancient techniques and helped enable major advances in food production and medicine.
Transcription must occur before translation because a ribosome needs an mRNA blueprint to construct a protein. The operator is activated when lactose binds to the lac repressor and inactivated when the lac repressor binds to the operator. The last line shows a sequence of mRNA codons.
Lecture on DNA to Proteins (The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology)Marilen Parungao
- Transcription must occur before translation. Transcription involves copying DNA into mRNA, which is then used as a template for translation.
- The LAC operon is activated under conditions where glucose is low/lactose is high. It is inactivated when glucose is high/lactose is low.
- The DNA sequence provided would be transcribed into an RNA sequence where all Ts would be replaced with Us: 3'-UAC GGC AUU GCA CAU UUU AGG GGC AAU AUU-5'
This document discusses nucleic acids and proteins, including their structures and functions. It provides information on DNA and RNA, such as their components, properties, and roles in coding for proteins. Key experiments that helped identify DNA as the genetic material are summarized, including Griffith's transformation experiment, Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, and Hershey-Chase experiment. Questions are also included about nucleic acid and protein structures and these classic experiments.
The document discusses nutrient cycling and biogeochemical cycles. It explains that nutrients are transported through organisms, atmosphere, water, and land in a series of cycles. The main cycles discussed are the water, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles. It describes the reservoirs, chemical forms, and processes involved in each cycle. It also addresses how human activities like pollution, use of fertilizers, and deforestation can disrupt nutrient cycling and cause issues like eutrophication, ozone depletion, and acid rain. Potential solutions to remediate disrupted cycles, like bioremediation using bacteria, fungi, plants and algae, are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and the principles of heredity and genetics that he discovered. It discusses Mendel's work crossing pea plants with different traits, such as flower color, and recording the results in subsequent generations. His experiments showed that traits are inherited in discrete units (now known as genes) and follow predictable patterns, such as the 3:1 ratio he observed for dominant and recessive traits in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross. The document also covers Mendel's principle of independent assortment observed in dihybrid crosses.
The document contains a calendar of activities for Marilen M. Parungao-Balolong covering topics such as calendar of activities, energy concepts and energy flow, ecology, ecosystem concepts, and energy flow, with each topic containing multiple entries attributed to Marilen M. Parungao-Balolong.
The document contains the calendar of activities and lecture notes from a biology class taught by Marilen M. Parungao-Balolong. The lecture covers the fundamentals of chemistry of life, including atoms, chemical bonds, important biological molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. It also discusses the domains of life including viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The functional anatomy of different cell types like plant, animal, bacterial and yeast cells are presented. The lecture concludes with topics on metabolism, catabolism, anabolism, cellular respiration and fermentation.
The document discusses different perceptions of and approaches to nature and the environment. It outlines major perceptions like everything being connected or nature having a delicate balance. It then discusses environmental ethics and different world views like biocentrism, ecocentrism, and anthropocentrism. Biocentrism and ecocentrism view humans as part of the environment, while anthropocentrism views nature as existing for human use. The document argues that anthropocentric views can lead to problems like overpopulation. It suggests adopting more ecocentric values to better care for the environment. Finally, it defines environmental justice as the fair treatment of all people regarding environmental laws and policies.
This document provides an introduction and overview of biotechnology, including definitions of key terms and an historical timeline of important developments in the field. It begins with definitions of biotechnology and genetic engineering. It then outlines the timeline of biotechnology from early domestication and farming in Mesopotamia through modern developments like recombinant vaccines, cloning, and the human genome project. The document concludes with a note about an upcoming meeting to level off on the material.
This document outlines the activities and requirements for a course on biotechnology. It includes lectures, presentations, exams, lab activities and field trips. There will be three exams covering introduction to techniques, applications of biotechnology, and international laws and guidelines. Students will work in groups to present on developing a GMO and create an exhibit for BioWeek. The course will also include virtual laboratory activities covering DNA extraction, PCR, gel electrophoresis, and microarrays. The last meeting will discuss isolating genes from plants and animals as well as human cloning and stem cell research.
The document outlines the content of a lecture on modern biotechnology. It discusses DNA as the genetic material and how genes are passed from parents to offspring in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. It also describes how modern biotechnology uses techniques like gene cloning and genetic engineering to develop genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by inserting foreign genes. Specific examples covered include the development of Golden Rice to address vitamin A deficiency and the use of GMOs in health, industry, food, and the environment.
The document discusses the history and development of vaccines from Edward Jenner's pioneering smallpox vaccine in the 18th century to modern vaccines. It covers key topics such as passive and active immunity, commonly used vaccine types including live attenuated, killed/inactivated, subunit/component, toxoid, and DNA vaccines. Safety considerations, efficacy, target groups, and monitoring of vaccine effects are also addressed.
This document provides an overview of controlling microbial growth through various physical and chemical methods. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, sanitization, and antisepsis. Physical methods discussed include heat, radiation, filtration, and desiccation. Chemical methods include sterilants, disinfectants, sanitizers, antiseptics, and preservatives. The document also discusses factors that influence the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and how their modes of action include damaging membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids. Assessment methods for disinfectants and chemotherapeutic agents like the phenol coefficient test, agar diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration are also summarized.
Microbial growth refers to an increase in the number of microbial cells rather than an increase in cell size. Microbes require certain physical, chemical and nutritional conditions to grow, including a source of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other trace elements. Temperature, pH, oxygen levels and osmotic pressure also influence microbial growth. Pure cultures can be obtained through streak plating and maintained through subculturing or freezing methods like glycerol stocks.
This document contains calendars of activities for Biology 196 for two sections, TBYZ and FBYZ, listing dates from August to October, with speakers, facilitators, and reactors assigned for each date. Students are scheduled to fulfill each role on different dates. The same activity of submitting a review paper to the teacher and reactor is listed for August 14 for both sections.
The document discusses whether microbe extinction should be cared about. It notes that while over 99% of species that have ever lived are extinct, microbes are ubiquitous and diverse. However, their roles in biogeochemical cycles and symbiotic relationships mean local extinctions could have large impacts. Evidence suggests microbes can face extinction through habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. Their potential losses through these human-caused threats to ecosystems should be a concern.
The document discusses the definition and requirements for microbial growth. Microbial growth is defined as an increase in the number of cells rather than cell size. The key requirements for microbial growth include physical factors like temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure as well as chemical nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, trace elements, oxygen, and organic growth factors. Different microbes have different temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure preferences and obtain nutrients from various sources.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
5. BIOLOGY 151
(INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY)
1. Orientation
2. Overview of Immunology
a. History of Immunology & Famous
Personalities
b. General Properties & Components of the
Immune System
Monday, June 18, 2012
6. ORIENTATION
COURSE DESCRIPTION: Structure and Function of the
Immune System; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Genetic
Control of the Immune System and Basic Immunological
Techniques
COURSE CREDIT: 3 units (2 units lecture and 1 unit
laboratory)
PREREQUISITES: Biology 10, 21, 22; Chemistry 40 and
40.1
Monday, June 18, 2012
8. ORIENTATION
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Monday, June 18, 2012
9. ORIENTATION
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Describe and differentiate the general properties and components of the
immune system with focus on antigens and antibodies;
Monday, June 18, 2012
10. ORIENTATION
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Describe and differentiate the general properties and components of the
immune system with focus on antigens and antibodies;
Distinguish and compare innate and adaptive immune responses of the
body during a pathogenic or non-pathogenic challenge;
Monday, June 18, 2012
11. ORIENTATION
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Describe and differentiate the general properties and components of the
immune system with focus on antigens and antibodies;
Distinguish and compare innate and adaptive immune responses of the
body during a pathogenic or non-pathogenic challenge;
Recognize and demonstrate which diagnostic procedures will best detect
antigens and antibodies;
Monday, June 18, 2012
12. ORIENTATION
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Describe and differentiate the general properties and components of the
immune system with focus on antigens and antibodies;
Distinguish and compare innate and adaptive immune responses of the
body during a pathogenic or non-pathogenic challenge;
Recognize and demonstrate which diagnostic procedures will best detect
antigens and antibodies;
Be familiar with the mechanisms of the different immunodeficiencies;
Monday, June 18, 2012
13. ORIENTATION
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Describe and differentiate the general properties and components of the
immune system with focus on antigens and antibodies;
Distinguish and compare innate and adaptive immune responses of the
body during a pathogenic or non-pathogenic challenge;
Recognize and demonstrate which diagnostic procedures will best detect
antigens and antibodies;
Be familiar with the mechanisms of the different immunodeficiencies;
Define and differentiate the types of vaccines and their uses; and
Monday, June 18, 2012
14. ORIENTATION
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Describe and differentiate the general properties and components of the
immune system with focus on antigens and antibodies;
Distinguish and compare innate and adaptive immune responses of the
body during a pathogenic or non-pathogenic challenge;
Recognize and demonstrate which diagnostic procedures will best detect
antigens and antibodies;
Be familiar with the mechanisms of the different immunodeficiencies;
Define and differentiate the types of vaccines and their uses; and
Determine the ethical considerations in the study and applications of
Immunology in research
Monday, June 18, 2012
15. CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES
DATE ACTIVITY
June 19 (2 hours) ORIENTATION & OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
History of Immunology and Famous Personalities
General properties and components: the cells and their function
June 26 (2 hours) ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES
July 3-10 (4 hours) INNATE & ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
July 17-24 (4 hours) HUMORAL & CELLULAR IMMUNITY
July 31 EXAMINATION 1
EXAM 1: JULY 31, 2012
August 7 (2 hours) PATHOGENESIS OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
a. Immunity to bacteria
b. Important bacterial infections
c. Serological diagnosis to detect antigens and antibodies
August 14 (2 hours) PATHOGENESIS OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
a. Immunity to viruses
b. Important viral infections
c. Serological diagnosis to detect antigens and antibodies
August 21-24 BIOWEEK CELEBRATION: CLASS POSTER PRESENTATION
August 28 (2 hours) PATHOGENESIS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS
a. Immunity to fungi
b. Important fungal infections
c. Serological diagnosis to detect antigens and antibodies
September 4 (2 hours) PATHOGENESIS OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS
a. Immunity to parasites
b. Important parasitic infections
c. Serological diagnosis to detect antigens and antibodies
September 11 EXAMINATION 2
EXAM 2: SEPT 11, 2012
September 18 ( 2hours) IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
a. Immunologic tolerance and hypersensitivities
b. Selected immunodeficiencies (e.g. HIV, etc)
VACCINES
a. types of vaccines and their design
b. Philippine laws on vaccination
c. vaccine challenges
September 25 CLASS PLENARY REPORT: VACCINE CHALLENGES (HIV, pandemics, vector-
borne or zoonotic diseases) EXAM 3: OCT 2, 2012
October 2 EXAMINATION 3
Monday, June 18, 2012
17. EXAMS & QUIZZES
EXAMS
sit-down, written exam; class hours
objective and critical thinking type
QUIZZES
individual, pair, group, class quizzes
written, oral or take-home
no make-up for missed quizzes!
Monday, June 18, 2012
18. CLASS plenary
CONFERENCE-TYPE OF PAPER
PRESENTATIONS
3 PAPERS: VACCINE CHALLENGES (HIV,
pandemics, vector-borne or zoonotic diseases)
TASKS: Speakers, Master of Ceremonies,
Moderator, Reactors, Technical Group, Logistics
Group, Refreshments Group, Press Group, etc
CLASS GRADE: Absent during the presentation
is given a ZERO (0) mark
Monday, June 18, 2012
19. your grade
PFG = lecture (60%) + laboratory (40%) rating
NOTE: This will be the final grade when
exempted to take the final exams.
If the student will take the finals the rating will
be computed as follows, which should be no
lower than 60% or 3.0:
RATING = PFG (80%) + Score in Finals
Exam (20%)
Monday, June 18, 2012
20. OUR TEXTBOOK
Abbas, Abul K. and
Andrew H. Lichtman.
2004. Basic
Immunology: Function
and Disorders of the
Immune System. 2nd ed.
Monday, June 18, 2012
21. POLICIES
The student should be able to pass (PFG = 3.0) both lecture and
laboratory component to pass the course
There will be no make-up exams, missed exams will qualify
students to take the final examination. The score in the final
exam may replace the missed exam. However, in the case of
two missed exams, the other exam will have a score of zero (0)
The student should be able to incur a PFG of 2.0 or better to be
exempted to take the written final exam
Should the student fail the final exam, an oral removal exam to
satisfy the course competencies will be given to pass the course.
The grade to be given here shall only be a “pass” (3.0) or
“fail” (5.0)
Monday, June 18, 2012
24. HOW WE FIGHT
INFECTIONS...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_4TrNRa3v8
Monday, June 18, 2012
25. TODAY....
Looking back.........
famous personalities
how it all started
Who’s who of our immune system...
cells
general functions
Monday, June 18, 2012
37. ! ▪! 2001 – Discovery of FOXP3 – the gene directing regulatory T cell development
! ▪! 2005 – Development of human papillomavirus vaccine (Ian Frazer)
Monday, June 18, 2012
38. CELLS & ORGANS OF THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Monday, June 18, 2012
39. INNATE
HUMORAL
complement system
CELLULAR
monocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells)
NKC (natural killer cells)
granulocytes (mast cells and , basophils,
eosinophils, neutrophils)
Monday, June 18, 2012
49. OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM
Physiologic function of the immune system:
prevent infections
eradicate established infections
Monday, June 18, 2012
50. OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM
vaccines: stimulation of our Immune System
Monday, June 18, 2012
51. overview: host defense
mechanisms
INNATE: immunity which mediates the initial protection against
infections
always present in health individuals
block the entry of microbes and rapidly eliminate microbes that do
succeed in entering host tissues
ADAPTIVE: immunity which!develop more slowly and mediates innate
immunity
more effective defense against infections
specific or acquired
stimulated by microbes that invade tissues
adapts to the presence of microbial invaders
Monday, June 18, 2012
55. NOTE: ADAPTIVE RESPONSE
Immunity may be induced in an individual by infection or
vaccination (active immunity) or conferred on an individual by
transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized
individual (passive immunity)
Monday, June 18, 2012
60. When naive lymphocytes
recognize microbial antigens
and also receive additional
("second) signals induced by
microbes, the antigen-specific
lymphocytes proliferate and
differentiate into effector
cells and memory cells
Naive lymphocytes express
receptors for antigens but do
not perform the functions that
are required to eliminate
antigens
Differentiation into effector
cells and memory cells is
initiated by antigen
recognition, thus ensuring that
the immune response that
develops is specific for the
antigen
Monday, June 18, 2012