There are two types of long-term memory: declarative and non-declarative. Declarative memory involves consciously recalling facts and experiences, including episodic and semantic memory. Non-declarative memory deals with skills and procedures rather than facts. Three systems in the brain are involved in long-term memory storage: the cerebellum and striatum for implicit memories, the amygdala for emotional memories, and the hippocampus for consciously recalled episodic and semantic memories. After initial processing, memories are stored in the cortical association areas.

1. LONG-TERM MEMORY

2. 2 TYPES OF LONG-TERM
MEMORY
Declarative Memory
Non-declarative
Memory

3. Declarative Memory
 Memories which can be consciously recalled such
as facts and knowledge
 Examples are:
1.Episodic Memory
- this is any memory of a specific event
that happened while you were present.
2. Semantic Memory
- this contains generalized knowledge of
the world that does not involve memory of
a specific event.

4. Non- Declarative Memory
 It deals more on enhancing or learning skill
 It involves body movements and how to use
objects in the environment
 Examples are:

5. BIOLOGICAL BASIS
OF MEMORY

6. 3 LONG-TERM
MEMORY SYSTEM
• Cerebellum and
striatum
• Amygdala
• Hippocampus

7. Long-Term Memories begins with sensation after being
processed in to the
CORTICAL SENSORY ASSOCIATION AREAS
- any various region of the cerebral cortex
When we are learning to do things (implicit
procedures), output goes mostly to the cerebellum
and striatum. When we experience an emotional
event, output goes to the amygdala. And when we
consciously and explicitly remember personal
events (episodes), facts, and information, output
goes mostly to the hippocampus. After being
processed by the hippocampus, however, the
memory is stored back in the cortical association
area from where it came.

8. • Cerebellum and Striatum
• For Implicit or procedural memory
Striatum helps coordinate motivation with
body movement. It facilitates and balances
motivation with both higher-level and lower-level
functions, such as inhibiting one's
behavior in a complex social interaction
and fine-motor functions of inhibiting small
voluntary movement.(Wikipedia)
Short- Term Memory

11. Amygdala
are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located
deep and medially within the temporal
lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates,
including humans. Shown in research to
perform a primary role in the processing
of memory, decision-making, and emotional
reactions.
For emotional memory

12.  In complex vertebrates, including humans, the amygdalae perform
primary roles in the formation and storage of memories associated with
emotional events. Research indicates that, during fear conditioning,
sensory stimuli reach the basolateral complexes of the amygdalae,
particularly the lateral nuclei, where they form associations with
memories of the stimuli. The association between stimuli and the
aversive events they predict may be mediated by long-term
potentiation, a sustained enhancement of signaling between affected
neurons. There have been studies that show that damage to the amygdala
can interfere with memory that is strengthened by emotion. One study
examined a patient with bilateral degeneration of the amygdala. He was
told a violent story accompanied by matching pictures and was observed
based on how much he could recall from the story. The patient had less
recollection of the story than patients without amygdala damage,
showing that the amygdala has a strong connection with emotional
learning. (Wikipedia)

13. Hippocampus
 Is a major component of the brains of human
 Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each
side of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays
important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term
memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation.
 supports a variety of functions
including emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory,
and olfaction. Emotional life is largely housed in the limbic
system, and it has a great deal to do with the formation of
memories.
 olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic
nuclei, fornix, columns of fornix, mammillary body, septum
pellucidum, habenular
commissure, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, limbic
cortex, and limbic midbrain

14.  The prefrontal cortex is the front
most region of the frontal lobes. It
plays an important part in attention,
appropriate social behavior, impulse
control, and working memory (Baier
et al., 2010)