Bioinformatics, coined by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper, is an interdisciplinary field that merges biology, computer science, and statistics to analyze biological data. Key components include database creation, algorithm development, and data analysis for areas like gene identification, genome mapping, and drug design. Its global importance lies in facilitating data management and sharing for research, aiding in understanding biological processes and potential applications in various fields.

1. BIOINFORMATICS
SMT. P.SANGEETHA
LECTURER IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
KVRGCW(A), KURNOOL

2. Bioinformatics
The term bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper to
describe “the study of informatic processes in biotic systems”.
Definition :
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software
tools for understanding biological data. / Bioinformatics is computer applications in
biological sciences./ Bioinformatics is the symbiotic relationship between
computational and biological sciences.

3. Bioinformatics
As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology,
computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to
analyze and interpret biological data.
The key areas of Bioinformatics include biological
databases, sequence alignment, gene and promoter prediction, molecular
phylogenetics, structural bioinformatics, genomics, and proteomics.

4. Components of Bioinformatics
The main components of Bioinformatics are as follows :
1. Creation of Database : Allows the storage and management of biological data.
2. Development of Algorithms and Statistics : To determine relationships among the
members of large data.
3. Analysis and Interpretation of Biological Data : Including DNA, RNA and
protein sequences, protein structures, drug designing, molecular modelling, gene
expression profiles and biochemical pathways.

5. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF
BIOINFORMATICS
The long sequences and enormous flow data in molecular biology becomes difficult
to manage data by persons or by organisations. With the help of computers through
internet and Intranet, sharing of data with others in organisation throughout the
world is becoming routine. This helps in the research and makes it easier for
scientists to download, analyse, compare and exchange information. Bioinformatics
has applications in
 Data base query tools.
 Sequence analysis.

6. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF
BIOINFORMATICS
 Gene identification.
 Genome mapping and comparison.
 Structure prediction.
 Drug design and drug target identification.

7. THRUSTAREAS OF BIOINFORMATICS
 Elicitation of DNA sequences from genetic material
 Sequence annotation(ex. With information from experiments)
 Understanding the control of gene expression ( i.e under what
circumstances proteins are transcribed from DNA)

8. THRUSTAREAS OF BIOINFORMATICS
 The relationship between the aminoacid sequence of proteins and their
structure.
 Drug design.
 Molecular modelling.
 Identification of genetic risk factors.

9. THRUSTAREAS OF BIOINFORMATICS
Gene therapy
Genetic modification(productivity and quality ) of food crops and animals,
etc.
Biological warfare, crime, etc.
Understanding evolution, comparative genomics.

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