This presentation is all about Bioinformatics,history ,tools and application....Hope it will be helpful to you all,...

2. 1. Introduction
2. History of Bioinformatics
3. What do we do with Bioinformatics?
4. Application of Bioinformatics
5. Tools of Bioinformatics
6. Advantages of Bioinformatics
7. Conclusion

3. It is the use of computers to collect and analyze complex
biological data's especially for the field of genetics and
genomics.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information
(NCBI 2001) defines bioinformatics as:
"Bioinformatics is the field of science in which biology,
computer science, and information technology merge into a
single discipline.

4. Biologists
Collect molecular DNA
& Protein sequences,
gene expression,etc.
Computer scientists
Develop
tools,software,algorith
ms to store and
analyze the data.
Bioinformaticians
Study biological
question by
analyzing molecular
data.

5.  Bioinformatics was originated in 1960’s by Margaret O. Dayhoff,
Walter M. Fitch, Russell F. Doolittle
 1865:Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel discovers the concept of
genetic inheritance
 In 1972,Paul berg made the first recombinant DNA
 In the same year, Stanley Cohen, Annie chang and Herbert Bayer
produced the first recombinant DNA organism
 By course of 10 years starting from 1981,following events occurred
 579 human genes had been mapped.
 In 1988, human genome organization (HUGO) was founded. This is
an internal organization of scientists involved in human genome
project
 1989:First complete genome map was published of the bacteria
haemophilus influenza

6. DNA sequence
assembly
Genome annotation
Protein structure
prediction

7.  It is a process through which short DNA
sequence fragments (called reads or samples)
are merged into longer DNA sequence to
reconstruct the original DNA sequences.

8. It is the process of identifying the location of genes and
all of the coding regions in a genome and determining
what those genes do.
It consists of 3 main steps:
1. Identifying portion of the genome that do not code for
proteins
2. Identifying elements on the genome.
3. Attaching biological information to these elements.

9.  It is the inference of three dimensional structure
of a protein from its amino acid sequence
 The two most successful tools are I-TASSER and
HHpred.

10.  Gene therapy
 Biotechnology
 Drug development
 Preventative medicine
 Insect resistance
 Crop improvement
 Evolutionary studies

11. FASTA
EMBOSS
RASMOL
GENE MARK

12.  Stands for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
 BLAST program was invented by Stephen Altschul
and his co-workers in 1990
 It is one of the most widely used bioinformatics
tools for sequence searching
 It finds regions of local similarity between
sequences. The program compares primary
biological sequence information, such as the
amino-acid sequences of proteins or the
nucleotides of DNA sequences and calculates the
statistical significance of matches

13.  It was developed by Pearson and Lipman in 1985.
 It is a DNA and protein sequence alignment software
package.
 It also identify gapped alignments

14. FASTA –nucleotide and protein sequence
searching
FAST x-compares a translated DNA query
sequence
FAST y-a protein sequence database
t FAST x-compares protein query sequence

15. It stands for European Molecular Biology
Open Software Suite.
It is a free open source software analysis
package specially developed for the needs of
the molecular biology and bioinformatics
user community.
The EMBOSS package contains a variety of
applications for sequence alignment, rapid
database searching with sequence patterns,
protein motif identification (including domain
analysis), and much more.

16.  Analyze huge volume of data
 Don’t need expensive wet lab
 Same research can be repeated many times
 No adverse effect
 Time saving

17. Bioinformatics has become an important part of many
areas of biology. In experimental molecular biology ,
bioinformatics techniques such as image and signal
processing allow extraction of useful results from large
amounts of raw data.
It is beneficial for extracting meaningful information
to cure disease and also for making new medicine.