Green energy and its production

1. GreenEnergy
By- keshav ranjan (11716635)

2. ‘GOOD’ or ‘BAD’?FUELS (any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases
chemical or nuclear energy as heat or to be used for work) from BEST to WORST.

3. What is biogas ?
• A mixture of methane and
carbon dioxide.
CH4
CO2 • Methane or ‘swamp gas’,
produced naturally in
swampy ponds.
Biogas is a renewable energy
source.

4. (plascoenergygroup)
Biogas: GreenEnergy
 generated by the activity of anaerobic bacteria{acetic acid-forming bacteria
(acetogens) and methane-forming archaea (methanogens) }.
 50-70% methane;
 30-40% carbon dioxide;
 Insignificant amounts of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
 small amount of hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
 The heating value of biogas is about 60% of natural gas and about 25% of
propane.
 Biogas burns without soot or ash being produced.
 Methane is a combustible gas.

5. History of Biogas
 One of the oldest forms of renewable energy.
 Marco Polo mentioned the use of the technology.
Probably goes back 2000-3000 years ago in ancient
Chinese literature.
 The earliest evidence of use in Assyria (10th century BC).
 Anaerobic digestion first described by Benjamin
Franklin 1764.
 In 1808, Sir Humphrey Davy determined that methane
was present in the decay process.

6. History of Biogas Cont’d
 First digestion plant was built in 1859 in Bombay, India for a leper colony
 Exeter, England, in 1895: biogas used to power street lamps
 1920’s and 30’s interest in anaerobic digestion increased
What is Bio digester ?
 Bio digester is a system that promotes
decomposition of organic matter.
 It produces biogas, generated through the process of
anaerobic digestion.
 Biogas generated can be used for cooking, heating,
electricity generation, and running a vehicle.

7. Why Have a Biogas Digester?
 Replaces fossil fuels and other
sources of nonrenewable energy
 Simple, cost effective designs
 Highly available fuel supply
 Better usage of manure
 - no longer polluting water
 - no longer being burnt
 Saves money
 Decrease greenhouse gas emissions
 Produces organic fertilizer

8. Designs/Models – China Fixed Dome
Design/Model – India Floating Cover

9. KVIC Digester (used in India and China)
Prototype
Design
Advantages
 Reduction in scum accumulation
 Temperature Control
 Ease of operation
 Durable
 Small footprint
 Low cost

10. AnaerobicDigestionin a Biodigester
 Digester is fed a mixture of water and waste called a slurry.
 Daily, fresh slurry is added, displacing previous days load that bacteria
have started to digest.
 First, digestible organic matter is broken down by acid-producing bacteria
(anaerobic decomposition).
 By-products are then broken down by methane-producing bacteria.
 Effluent produced and removed.

11. Application of Biogas
 The technology of bio digester is widely used in developing country
such as China, Vietnam, India, and Central and South America as
well as in developed country.
 Anaerobic digester can be used in remote farm area to produce
biogas from manure and protect water resources.
Methane Production;
 Methanogenesis
 In this process, acetic acid, H2, CO2, are converted into
CH4.
 Methane-producing bacteria have strict PH requirement
and low adaptability to temperature.

12. What Type of Waste Produces Biogas ?
 Any organic waste can produce biogas.
 Human, manure, fruitand vegetable waste.
What Type of Waste Does NOT Produces
Biogas ?
•Fiber rich waste such as wood, leaves, etc. are difficult to digest
•Heavy metals
•Inorganic materials in high concentration (Nitrate, Sodium, Sulphate,
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, etc.)

13. Water, Excreta,
Organic Material,
Biodegradable
Waste
Hydrolysis,
Fermentation,
Acetogenesis,
Dehydrogenization,
Methanogenesis
Methane
CO2
Amonio
H2SBiogas
Anaerobic Environment
Water with 80-90%
less contaminants,
Organic Fertilizer
O2
Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic
waste by bacteria without oxygen (anaerobic
digestion or fermentation).

14. Is it Successful ?
China: Yes! Helped
with energy shortage
problem.
Costa Rica: Yes! Big
in rural area.
Middle East: Yes!
Helped improve
health and safety
conditions.
Most successful in
rural areas across
whole India.

15. Uses of biogas as fuel