The present study has been aimed to explore the existing diversity of
butterflies from Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu. A total of
19 genera and 23 species belonging to eight families were recorded. Out of these,
Nymphalidae were dominant with 7 species, followed by Papilionidae (5 species),
Pieridae (5 species), Danaidae (3 species), Acraeidae (1 species), Hesperiidae
(1 species), Lycaenidae (1 species), and Satyridae (1 species). Nymphalidae was found
to be the most dominant members with 30.43% followed by Papilionidae (21.74%),
Pieridae (17.39%) and Danaidae (13.04%). The minimum number of species found in
this habitat was from the families such as Acraeidae (4.35%), Hesperiidae (4.35%),
Lycaenidae (4.35%) and Satyridae (4.35%).
Biodiversity and conservation strategies of Nymphalidae Butterflies in the h...researchanimalsciences
Nymphalidae butterflies have a number of subfamilies, including the species
such as Browns, Milkweeds, Heliconians and Beaks. These vary greatly in appearance
ranging from small to large, with mostly in medium size. Some among these
butterflies are powerful fliers (Nawabs and Rajahs) or migrants (Painted lady,
Milkweed butterflies) while Bush browns (
Mycalesis visala, Melanitis leda
and
Elymnias hypermnestra)
and Rings (
Ypthima baldus, Ypthima chenui
and
Ypthima philomela
) are weak fliers. Three study sites i.e., Lankamalai of Kadapa
district, Talakona and Tirumala Hills of Chittoor district of Eastern Ghats of Southern
Andhra Pradesh were chosen.
Captive breeding method has been adopted for
restocking the population.
Nearly 26 Nymphalidae species were identified from
6 sub families. Species diversity
was calculated by using Simpson’s diversity indices
along with the seasonality and population index, richness and evenness of the species
were also discussed.
Characterisation of some Lamiaceae Species Distributed in the Rize Province, ...Premier Publishers
The Black Sea region belongs to one of the richest regions of Turkey regarding biological diversity. In total 2239 species are present in the East Black Sea region, 514 of them are endemic and the endemism ratio is ca. 23 %. More than half of the plants distributed at the East Black Sea region are present in the Rize province and almost 70 % of the plants are of medicinal and aromatic value. Four Mentha species, three Origanum species, three Thymus species, two Salvia species, two Stachys species and one Calamintha species were collected from 19 different localities in Rize during 2015. A field nursery was established using collected material. A field nursery was established using collected material. Further, Principal Component Analysis was used to distinguish present genetic diversity based on essential oil composition. The obtained data valued that large diversity could be determined and collected materials can be used as genetic resources in further investigations.
Insect diversity of Sri Lankamalleswara Reserve forest in the Eastern Ghats ...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
Insect diversity at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest (14°45' - 14°72' N & 79°07' - 78°80' E), Kadapa in
the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh was studied during the period from June 2013 to
September 2014. Nearly 75 species of butterflies, 12 moth species from Lepidoptera; 4 ant species, one
wasp, 6 bee species from Hymenoptera; 7 cricket species of Orthoptera; 5 bug species from Hemiptera;
3 mosquito species, 4 housefly species, 2 species of flies from Diptera; 8 species of dragon flies, 2
species of damselflies from Odonata; 3 beetles from Coleopteran; one species each from Thysanura; and
Mantodea and 2 species from Phasmatodea; one species each from class Arachnida and Diploda were
identified. The seasonality, relative abundance and diversity of some insect groups was also recorded.
Majority of the insects are very much required for pollination. Some insects produce useful substances
such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk.
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu - A pote...researchplantsciences
The dry deciduous forests of Maruthamalai, part of Western Ghats, Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu hold rich number of 201 species belonging to 153 genera of 51 families. The families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae and Euphorbiaceae have contributed high number of species 19, 18, 13, 12 respectively to the community. In the floristic list, a high number of 165 species (82.5%) is recognized as economically important also. Based on the importance value index secured, it is determined that the species like Acacia tora, Albizzia amara, A. lebbeck, Azadirachta indica, Chromolaena odorata, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Euphorbia antiquorum, Fluggea leucopyrus, Pterolobium indicum and Zizyphus oenoplia are considered to be ecologically important and established well in the low hills of Maruthamalai (450m above m.s.l.). In higher altitudes at 750m above msl, the species like Albizzia amara, Azadirachta indica, Chloroxylon swietenia, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Holoptelea integrifolia have secured higher importance value index and established well in the habitats. At 950m above m.s.l., the vegetation has been occupied predominantly by the species like Acacia torta, Albizzia amara, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Syzigium cumini as they derived higher importance value index. Among the 165 medicinal plants, 37 species (22%) where present in all the three plots located at different altitudes. Despite the variation in species composition and ecological importance at all levels of altitudes throughout the Maruthamalai hills, the habitat conditions are favourable for the growth of plants of higher secondary metabolites of medicinal importance. Hence wastelands available in Maruthamalai hills may be suggested for the cultivation of native medicinal and other economically important plants.
Article Citation:
Paulsamy S.
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu –
A potential ecosystem for medicinal plants.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 012-026.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0005.pdf
The diversity of wild edible fruit plants and traditional knowledge in west a...Adi Bejo Suwardi
Rural communities in the West Aceh region continue to collect and consume many edible wild fruit plants as a food source. This study was an account of the traditional knowledge and use of wild edible fruit plants by local people in the West Aceh region. The study was conducted in Sungai Mas and Pante Ceureumen, West Aceh Regency, between April and June 2019. Plant specimens have been gathered from the forest, agroforestry and home garden. A total of 100 informants (50 informants at each site) were involved in the survey of Ethnobotanical data. The questionnaires used to investigate the local name of the species, the habitats, the location of the collection, the season of collection, the parts used, the categories of use and the manner of fruit consumption. A total of 44 species of edible fruit plants recorded in West Aceh region, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The Myrtaceae and Malvaceae were the most represented families. Baccaurea motleyana, Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Lansium domesticum, Mangifera odorata, and Mangifera foetida were the top six most common wild edible fruits in this region. The local community uses wild edible fruit species for food (44 species), medicine (11 species), construction materials (9 species), furniture (9 species) and firewood. D. zibethinus, M. foetida, M. odorata, M. quadrifida, B. motleyana, L. domesticum, G. xanthochymus, and G. mangostana are also commonly traded in traditional markets.
Entomological Characterisation of Some of the Butterfly Species of Papilionid...ijtsrd
One of the most diversed groups of animals, found abundantly, in all types of environment throughout the world is the ‘Butterflies’. The study and watching of butterflies perhaps is the second interesting pastime for naturalists, next only to ornithology. They belong to the order ‘Lepidoptera, of the phylum ‘Arthropoda’. Amongst more than 100 species found in the Bastar division of Chhattisgarh, due to the rich flora and fauna of the region, some of the most common ones belong to the family Papilionidae. The present article reviews the entomological characterisation of the five common species of Papilionidae butterflies from Bastar division of Chhattisgarh, India. Nisreen Husain | Sonia Bajaj | Majid Ali | Touseef Hussain Trak "Entomological Characterisation of Some of the Butterfly Species of Papilionidae from Bastar Division of Chhattisgarh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43608.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/zoology/43608/entomological-characterisation-of-some-of-the-butterfly-species-of-papilionidae-from-bastar-division-of-chhattisgarh-india/nisreen-husain
Biodiversity and conservation strategies of Nymphalidae Butterflies in the h...researchanimalsciences
Nymphalidae butterflies have a number of subfamilies, including the species
such as Browns, Milkweeds, Heliconians and Beaks. These vary greatly in appearance
ranging from small to large, with mostly in medium size. Some among these
butterflies are powerful fliers (Nawabs and Rajahs) or migrants (Painted lady,
Milkweed butterflies) while Bush browns (
Mycalesis visala, Melanitis leda
and
Elymnias hypermnestra)
and Rings (
Ypthima baldus, Ypthima chenui
and
Ypthima philomela
) are weak fliers. Three study sites i.e., Lankamalai of Kadapa
district, Talakona and Tirumala Hills of Chittoor district of Eastern Ghats of Southern
Andhra Pradesh were chosen.
Captive breeding method has been adopted for
restocking the population.
Nearly 26 Nymphalidae species were identified from
6 sub families. Species diversity
was calculated by using Simpson’s diversity indices
along with the seasonality and population index, richness and evenness of the species
were also discussed.
Characterisation of some Lamiaceae Species Distributed in the Rize Province, ...Premier Publishers
The Black Sea region belongs to one of the richest regions of Turkey regarding biological diversity. In total 2239 species are present in the East Black Sea region, 514 of them are endemic and the endemism ratio is ca. 23 %. More than half of the plants distributed at the East Black Sea region are present in the Rize province and almost 70 % of the plants are of medicinal and aromatic value. Four Mentha species, three Origanum species, three Thymus species, two Salvia species, two Stachys species and one Calamintha species were collected from 19 different localities in Rize during 2015. A field nursery was established using collected material. A field nursery was established using collected material. Further, Principal Component Analysis was used to distinguish present genetic diversity based on essential oil composition. The obtained data valued that large diversity could be determined and collected materials can be used as genetic resources in further investigations.
Insect diversity of Sri Lankamalleswara Reserve forest in the Eastern Ghats ...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
Insect diversity at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest (14°45' - 14°72' N & 79°07' - 78°80' E), Kadapa in
the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh was studied during the period from June 2013 to
September 2014. Nearly 75 species of butterflies, 12 moth species from Lepidoptera; 4 ant species, one
wasp, 6 bee species from Hymenoptera; 7 cricket species of Orthoptera; 5 bug species from Hemiptera;
3 mosquito species, 4 housefly species, 2 species of flies from Diptera; 8 species of dragon flies, 2
species of damselflies from Odonata; 3 beetles from Coleopteran; one species each from Thysanura; and
Mantodea and 2 species from Phasmatodea; one species each from class Arachnida and Diploda were
identified. The seasonality, relative abundance and diversity of some insect groups was also recorded.
Majority of the insects are very much required for pollination. Some insects produce useful substances
such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk.
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu - A pote...researchplantsciences
The dry deciduous forests of Maruthamalai, part of Western Ghats, Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu hold rich number of 201 species belonging to 153 genera of 51 families. The families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae and Euphorbiaceae have contributed high number of species 19, 18, 13, 12 respectively to the community. In the floristic list, a high number of 165 species (82.5%) is recognized as economically important also. Based on the importance value index secured, it is determined that the species like Acacia tora, Albizzia amara, A. lebbeck, Azadirachta indica, Chromolaena odorata, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Euphorbia antiquorum, Fluggea leucopyrus, Pterolobium indicum and Zizyphus oenoplia are considered to be ecologically important and established well in the low hills of Maruthamalai (450m above m.s.l.). In higher altitudes at 750m above msl, the species like Albizzia amara, Azadirachta indica, Chloroxylon swietenia, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Holoptelea integrifolia have secured higher importance value index and established well in the habitats. At 950m above m.s.l., the vegetation has been occupied predominantly by the species like Acacia torta, Albizzia amara, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Syzigium cumini as they derived higher importance value index. Among the 165 medicinal plants, 37 species (22%) where present in all the three plots located at different altitudes. Despite the variation in species composition and ecological importance at all levels of altitudes throughout the Maruthamalai hills, the habitat conditions are favourable for the growth of plants of higher secondary metabolites of medicinal importance. Hence wastelands available in Maruthamalai hills may be suggested for the cultivation of native medicinal and other economically important plants.
Article Citation:
Paulsamy S.
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu –
A potential ecosystem for medicinal plants.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 012-026.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0005.pdf
The diversity of wild edible fruit plants and traditional knowledge in west a...Adi Bejo Suwardi
Rural communities in the West Aceh region continue to collect and consume many edible wild fruit plants as a food source. This study was an account of the traditional knowledge and use of wild edible fruit plants by local people in the West Aceh region. The study was conducted in Sungai Mas and Pante Ceureumen, West Aceh Regency, between April and June 2019. Plant specimens have been gathered from the forest, agroforestry and home garden. A total of 100 informants (50 informants at each site) were involved in the survey of Ethnobotanical data. The questionnaires used to investigate the local name of the species, the habitats, the location of the collection, the season of collection, the parts used, the categories of use and the manner of fruit consumption. A total of 44 species of edible fruit plants recorded in West Aceh region, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The Myrtaceae and Malvaceae were the most represented families. Baccaurea motleyana, Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Lansium domesticum, Mangifera odorata, and Mangifera foetida were the top six most common wild edible fruits in this region. The local community uses wild edible fruit species for food (44 species), medicine (11 species), construction materials (9 species), furniture (9 species) and firewood. D. zibethinus, M. foetida, M. odorata, M. quadrifida, B. motleyana, L. domesticum, G. xanthochymus, and G. mangostana are also commonly traded in traditional markets.
Entomological Characterisation of Some of the Butterfly Species of Papilionid...ijtsrd
One of the most diversed groups of animals, found abundantly, in all types of environment throughout the world is the ‘Butterflies’. The study and watching of butterflies perhaps is the second interesting pastime for naturalists, next only to ornithology. They belong to the order ‘Lepidoptera, of the phylum ‘Arthropoda’. Amongst more than 100 species found in the Bastar division of Chhattisgarh, due to the rich flora and fauna of the region, some of the most common ones belong to the family Papilionidae. The present article reviews the entomological characterisation of the five common species of Papilionidae butterflies from Bastar division of Chhattisgarh, India. Nisreen Husain | Sonia Bajaj | Majid Ali | Touseef Hussain Trak "Entomological Characterisation of Some of the Butterfly Species of Papilionidae from Bastar Division of Chhattisgarh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43608.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/zoology/43608/entomological-characterisation-of-some-of-the-butterfly-species-of-papilionidae-from-bastar-division-of-chhattisgarh-india/nisreen-husain
ABSTRACT- Butterflies are the important pollinating agent for wild and crop plants. Despite of its global significance,
studies of butterfly diversity during monsoon and post-monsoon season in agroecosystem of Arjuni/Morgaon taluka of
Maharashtra have not been recently undertaken. Survey was carried out on butterflies of agricultural field during monsoon
and post-monsoon season, Arjuni/Morgaon, Maharashtra, India because it is now clear that in and around agricultural
fields particularly paddy field are unique ecosystems that provide some butterflies to complete their life span. Total 44
species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 32 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family is consisting of maximum
number of genera and species and only three species recorded from family Papilionidae. Maximum species richness
reported from July to November month. The present study will encourage the conservation of a wide range of indigenous
butterfly species in an area.
Key-words- Butterfly, Diversity, Fauna, Agricultural field, Monsoon, Post monsoon
Distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara dis...Innspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Trifolium crop on fortnight basis through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Departmentof Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Overall maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the berseem crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity, vegetation and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. It was concluded that despite to cosmopolitan nature, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play a key role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/distribution-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-berseem-crop-at-okara-district-pakistan/
— Community composition and species diversity of fruit-eating-insects were studied in a primary forest at Wanang, Madang, Papua New Guinea (PNG) using fruits regularly sampled and insects attacking them reared, preserved and identified. Sampling was done in different areas of the forest including low and high abundance of the host trees. Fruits of three predominant host trees, G. paniculata (Myristicaceae), M. aleuritoides (Euphorbiaceae) and M. pachyclados (Rubiaceae) were regularly collected and insects associated with them studied. The emergence from the fruits were 13 insect families and 16 species from G. paniculata, 17 insect families and 21 species from M. aleuritoides and 17 insect families and 25 species from M. pachyclados. Diversity assessment showed M. pachyclados was more diverse (H=2.0258) followed by G. paniculata (H=2.007). M. aleuritoides was the least diverse (H=1.443). A high percentage of scavengers and wood eaters were found in G. paniculata and M. aleuritoides. In M. pachyclados, more seed eaters, chewers and parasitoids were found instead. These results have implications for management of the community composition and diversity of the fruit-eating insects of the three host three species.
ABSTRACT Sakoli taluka lies in the basin of Chulbandh river and covered with dense forest and comprises agricultural fields and it is less highlighted for butterflies so the main aim of this study to show how these fields serve butterflies and prepare a checklist of that butterflies which use these fields in their various activities. Total 69 species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 47 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family was dominant and consisting 25 species (36.24%); Lycaenidae 19 species (27.53%); Pieridae 13 species (18.84%); Hesperiidae 8 species (11.59%) and only 4 species (5.80%) recorded from family Papilionidae respectively. Maximum species richness reported from Monsoon and post- Monsoon season.
Key-words: Agricultural field, Species, River Seasonal diversity, Butterfly fauna
Bat Classification based on Perceptual, Spectrum and Cepstral Features in Kal...AM Publications
Bats are the only mammals that can fly and are the keystone member to sustain biodiversity. Bats are present
throughout the world, performing vital ecological roles of pollinating flowers and dispersing fruit seeds. Bat is a very
important member in the ecosystem and it plays a vital role in maintaining eco-balance through propagation of vital
flora and pest management in the forest. Bats are important as they consume insects, pests, reducing the need for
pesticides. Bats give major indication for biodiversity conservation. Bats are also the key informers of climate change
and its impact on their habitat. Many tropical plant species depend entirely on bats for the distribution of their seeds.
About seventy percentage of the bat species are insectivores. The rest are frugivores or fruit-eaters. Monitoring of bat
activity is useful to assess habitat quality. Bats serve as biological indicators of the condition of the ecosystem and its
degradation. The insectivorous bats use echolocation calls, making it possible to detect the prevalence of bats through
acoustic detection methods. The echolocation calls are species-specific. Hence, acoustic identification and classification
of bat species are probable. In this paper, a bat classification method using perceptual, spectrum and cepstral features is
proposed. Sixteen species of bats that are present in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve are taken into
consideration.
Ecological Diversity of Flora and Fauna at Curzon Hall, University Of Dhaka, ...paperpublications3
Abstract:The diversity of local flora and fauna at the Curzon Hall premises, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh was studied from April 2nd, 2014 to January 10th, 2015. A total of 98 species of flora and fauna were found during the study. The study was done to observe the condition of the biodiversity and also to conserve them.
Highly Nutritious Wild Edible Mushroom of Gadchiroli Forestpaperpublications3
Abstract: The economy of Gadchiroli district is mostly based on forest resources. Near about 79.36% of Gadchiroli district is covered by forest. A wild edible variety of Mushroom which is locally known as ‘Satya’ arises during rainy season and consumed by the people delightfully. During the survey, in Wadsa forest as well as in Korchi forest area, edible mushroom varieties such as Lepiota Americana, Panaeolus ephincitrinus, Polyporus albellus, Panaeolus cyanescens, Agaricus and Pleurotus are occurred.
Keywords: Mushroom, Korchi forest, Wadsa forest, Panaeolus cyanescens, Pleurotus.
Title: Highly Nutritious Wild Edible Mushroom of Gadchiroli Forest
Author: Prof. K. D. Hiwase, Dr. C. B. Shende
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications
Biodiversity Studies of Insect Fauna of Ajmer order DipteraIOSRJPBS
Ajmer is located in the center of Rajasthan (INDIA) between 25 0 38 “ and 26 0 58 “ north 75 0 22” east longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481sq km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills . About 7 miles from the city is Pushkar lake created by the touch of lord Brahma. The Dargah of khawaja Moinuddin chisti is holiest shrine next to Mecca in the world. Ajmer is abode of certain flora and fauna that are particularly endemic to semi-arid and are specially adapted to survive in the dry waterless region of the state. Order Diptera comprise of flies two winged true flies hind wings reduced to balancing organ halters. Greek di two, ptera wings. Diptera comprise more than 900000 species.eg house fly, fruit fly , crane fly , mosquitoes etc. they have mobile head, compound eyes piercing and sucking mouth parts. Metamorphosis is complete, life cycle includes egg, larva, (3 instar stages), pupa and adult. Following Flies are recorded in AJMER.
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
— Chemical termiticides are hazardous to biotic and abiotic factors in the environment and hence banned in US and European countries but are still in use in developing countries. They are applied in huge quantity reaching to potable water ways, food, and fodder and killing soil microbiological components. It has been observed from the study that these hazardous termiticides can be replaced by ecofriendly and cheap Biotermiticides made from the plant based oils. Four tree borne oils (CNSL(50-100%), Neemseed oil(10-25%), Karanj seed oil(10-25%) and Markingnut oil(10-25%) and three chemicals Chlorpyrifos(10-50%), Coppernaphthenate(10-50%) and (Boric acid(10-50%) were used in different proportions to formulate CNSL based termiticides. Specimen samples were treated and exposed to termites for 60 days. The mass loss after 60 days was noted and results were analyzed. Chlorpyrifos and Coppernaphthenate 100% have shown better termite control property than boric acid. Commercial termiticides their own might be effective against termite but except Chlorpyrifos and other two have shown not much promising results in CNSL based formulation when compared with the oil formulations. It was observed that CNSL(50-80%) + NO (10-25%) + BSL(10-25%) and CNSL(50-80%) + NO(10-25%) + KO(10-25%) formulations can act as an effective termiticides. All four oils if used 100% have shown good resistant against termites. Keywords— CNSL-Cashew nut shell liquid, NO-Neemseed oil, KO-Karanj oil, BSL-Bhilawan shell liquid.
Contamination by trace metals (ETM) assessment of the plants populating the ...researchagriculture
The proportioning of the metal element traces by ICP
-
AES (Inductively
Coupled Plasma
-
Atomic Spectrometry Emission) in the mining residues of the dumps,
and the plants which populate the mine field of Zaida (High Moulouya), allowed to
highlight an important contamination as well as residues of the plants (
Stipa
tenuifolia
,
Reseda phyteuma
and
Matthiola longipetala
).
This contamination is materialized by strong concentrations in ETM (Lead,
Zinc, Copper and Cadmium).On the level of the plants the distribution of these ETM
(Lead, Zinc, Copper and Cadmium) is variable according to the vegetative species and
their bodies.
The simultaneous presence of the various elements as well induces an
increasing toxicity on the flora as on fauna and consequently on the local population.
Analysis of the effects of monetary and fiscal policy indicators on agricult...researchagriculture
The research was conducted to determine the effect of monetary and fiscal
policy indicators on Nigeria’s agricultural output. The output considered were mainly
cereals such as maize, sorghum, rice, millet and wheat while the monetary policy
indicators studied were inflation, money supply, interest rate and savings. Budgetary
allocation represents the fiscal component while inflation, savings, interest rate,
money supply represented monetary policy indicators. One of the fundamental
objectives was to examine the relationship between monetary and fiscal policy
indicators on agricultural output. Multiple regression was used as the main analytical
tool, and the result showed that money supply, budgetary allocation, interest rate
were 94%, 54% and 82% significant in the order above i.e. they had significant
relationship with output, while inflation and savings were not significant. The result
also revealed that within the period of study, agriculture contributed 28% to 35% of
the gross domestic product. Forestry and fisheries contributed the least, while crop
and animal sub sectors contributed the highest.
ABSTRACT- Butterflies are the important pollinating agent for wild and crop plants. Despite of its global significance,
studies of butterfly diversity during monsoon and post-monsoon season in agroecosystem of Arjuni/Morgaon taluka of
Maharashtra have not been recently undertaken. Survey was carried out on butterflies of agricultural field during monsoon
and post-monsoon season, Arjuni/Morgaon, Maharashtra, India because it is now clear that in and around agricultural
fields particularly paddy field are unique ecosystems that provide some butterflies to complete their life span. Total 44
species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 32 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family is consisting of maximum
number of genera and species and only three species recorded from family Papilionidae. Maximum species richness
reported from July to November month. The present study will encourage the conservation of a wide range of indigenous
butterfly species in an area.
Key-words- Butterfly, Diversity, Fauna, Agricultural field, Monsoon, Post monsoon
Distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara dis...Innspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Trifolium crop on fortnight basis through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Departmentof Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Overall maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the berseem crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity, vegetation and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. It was concluded that despite to cosmopolitan nature, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play a key role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/distribution-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-berseem-crop-at-okara-district-pakistan/
— Community composition and species diversity of fruit-eating-insects were studied in a primary forest at Wanang, Madang, Papua New Guinea (PNG) using fruits regularly sampled and insects attacking them reared, preserved and identified. Sampling was done in different areas of the forest including low and high abundance of the host trees. Fruits of three predominant host trees, G. paniculata (Myristicaceae), M. aleuritoides (Euphorbiaceae) and M. pachyclados (Rubiaceae) were regularly collected and insects associated with them studied. The emergence from the fruits were 13 insect families and 16 species from G. paniculata, 17 insect families and 21 species from M. aleuritoides and 17 insect families and 25 species from M. pachyclados. Diversity assessment showed M. pachyclados was more diverse (H=2.0258) followed by G. paniculata (H=2.007). M. aleuritoides was the least diverse (H=1.443). A high percentage of scavengers and wood eaters were found in G. paniculata and M. aleuritoides. In M. pachyclados, more seed eaters, chewers and parasitoids were found instead. These results have implications for management of the community composition and diversity of the fruit-eating insects of the three host three species.
ABSTRACT Sakoli taluka lies in the basin of Chulbandh river and covered with dense forest and comprises agricultural fields and it is less highlighted for butterflies so the main aim of this study to show how these fields serve butterflies and prepare a checklist of that butterflies which use these fields in their various activities. Total 69 species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 47 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family was dominant and consisting 25 species (36.24%); Lycaenidae 19 species (27.53%); Pieridae 13 species (18.84%); Hesperiidae 8 species (11.59%) and only 4 species (5.80%) recorded from family Papilionidae respectively. Maximum species richness reported from Monsoon and post- Monsoon season.
Key-words: Agricultural field, Species, River Seasonal diversity, Butterfly fauna
Bat Classification based on Perceptual, Spectrum and Cepstral Features in Kal...AM Publications
Bats are the only mammals that can fly and are the keystone member to sustain biodiversity. Bats are present
throughout the world, performing vital ecological roles of pollinating flowers and dispersing fruit seeds. Bat is a very
important member in the ecosystem and it plays a vital role in maintaining eco-balance through propagation of vital
flora and pest management in the forest. Bats are important as they consume insects, pests, reducing the need for
pesticides. Bats give major indication for biodiversity conservation. Bats are also the key informers of climate change
and its impact on their habitat. Many tropical plant species depend entirely on bats for the distribution of their seeds.
About seventy percentage of the bat species are insectivores. The rest are frugivores or fruit-eaters. Monitoring of bat
activity is useful to assess habitat quality. Bats serve as biological indicators of the condition of the ecosystem and its
degradation. The insectivorous bats use echolocation calls, making it possible to detect the prevalence of bats through
acoustic detection methods. The echolocation calls are species-specific. Hence, acoustic identification and classification
of bat species are probable. In this paper, a bat classification method using perceptual, spectrum and cepstral features is
proposed. Sixteen species of bats that are present in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve are taken into
consideration.
Ecological Diversity of Flora and Fauna at Curzon Hall, University Of Dhaka, ...paperpublications3
Abstract:The diversity of local flora and fauna at the Curzon Hall premises, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh was studied from April 2nd, 2014 to January 10th, 2015. A total of 98 species of flora and fauna were found during the study. The study was done to observe the condition of the biodiversity and also to conserve them.
Highly Nutritious Wild Edible Mushroom of Gadchiroli Forestpaperpublications3
Abstract: The economy of Gadchiroli district is mostly based on forest resources. Near about 79.36% of Gadchiroli district is covered by forest. A wild edible variety of Mushroom which is locally known as ‘Satya’ arises during rainy season and consumed by the people delightfully. During the survey, in Wadsa forest as well as in Korchi forest area, edible mushroom varieties such as Lepiota Americana, Panaeolus ephincitrinus, Polyporus albellus, Panaeolus cyanescens, Agaricus and Pleurotus are occurred.
Keywords: Mushroom, Korchi forest, Wadsa forest, Panaeolus cyanescens, Pleurotus.
Title: Highly Nutritious Wild Edible Mushroom of Gadchiroli Forest
Author: Prof. K. D. Hiwase, Dr. C. B. Shende
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications
Biodiversity Studies of Insect Fauna of Ajmer order DipteraIOSRJPBS
Ajmer is located in the center of Rajasthan (INDIA) between 25 0 38 “ and 26 0 58 “ north 75 0 22” east longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481sq km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills . About 7 miles from the city is Pushkar lake created by the touch of lord Brahma. The Dargah of khawaja Moinuddin chisti is holiest shrine next to Mecca in the world. Ajmer is abode of certain flora and fauna that are particularly endemic to semi-arid and are specially adapted to survive in the dry waterless region of the state. Order Diptera comprise of flies two winged true flies hind wings reduced to balancing organ halters. Greek di two, ptera wings. Diptera comprise more than 900000 species.eg house fly, fruit fly , crane fly , mosquitoes etc. they have mobile head, compound eyes piercing and sucking mouth parts. Metamorphosis is complete, life cycle includes egg, larva, (3 instar stages), pupa and adult. Following Flies are recorded in AJMER.
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
— Chemical termiticides are hazardous to biotic and abiotic factors in the environment and hence banned in US and European countries but are still in use in developing countries. They are applied in huge quantity reaching to potable water ways, food, and fodder and killing soil microbiological components. It has been observed from the study that these hazardous termiticides can be replaced by ecofriendly and cheap Biotermiticides made from the plant based oils. Four tree borne oils (CNSL(50-100%), Neemseed oil(10-25%), Karanj seed oil(10-25%) and Markingnut oil(10-25%) and three chemicals Chlorpyrifos(10-50%), Coppernaphthenate(10-50%) and (Boric acid(10-50%) were used in different proportions to formulate CNSL based termiticides. Specimen samples were treated and exposed to termites for 60 days. The mass loss after 60 days was noted and results were analyzed. Chlorpyrifos and Coppernaphthenate 100% have shown better termite control property than boric acid. Commercial termiticides their own might be effective against termite but except Chlorpyrifos and other two have shown not much promising results in CNSL based formulation when compared with the oil formulations. It was observed that CNSL(50-80%) + NO (10-25%) + BSL(10-25%) and CNSL(50-80%) + NO(10-25%) + KO(10-25%) formulations can act as an effective termiticides. All four oils if used 100% have shown good resistant against termites. Keywords— CNSL-Cashew nut shell liquid, NO-Neemseed oil, KO-Karanj oil, BSL-Bhilawan shell liquid.
Contamination by trace metals (ETM) assessment of the plants populating the ...researchagriculture
The proportioning of the metal element traces by ICP
-
AES (Inductively
Coupled Plasma
-
Atomic Spectrometry Emission) in the mining residues of the dumps,
and the plants which populate the mine field of Zaida (High Moulouya), allowed to
highlight an important contamination as well as residues of the plants (
Stipa
tenuifolia
,
Reseda phyteuma
and
Matthiola longipetala
).
This contamination is materialized by strong concentrations in ETM (Lead,
Zinc, Copper and Cadmium).On the level of the plants the distribution of these ETM
(Lead, Zinc, Copper and Cadmium) is variable according to the vegetative species and
their bodies.
The simultaneous presence of the various elements as well induces an
increasing toxicity on the flora as on fauna and consequently on the local population.
Analysis of the effects of monetary and fiscal policy indicators on agricult...researchagriculture
The research was conducted to determine the effect of monetary and fiscal
policy indicators on Nigeria’s agricultural output. The output considered were mainly
cereals such as maize, sorghum, rice, millet and wheat while the monetary policy
indicators studied were inflation, money supply, interest rate and savings. Budgetary
allocation represents the fiscal component while inflation, savings, interest rate,
money supply represented monetary policy indicators. One of the fundamental
objectives was to examine the relationship between monetary and fiscal policy
indicators on agricultural output. Multiple regression was used as the main analytical
tool, and the result showed that money supply, budgetary allocation, interest rate
were 94%, 54% and 82% significant in the order above i.e. they had significant
relationship with output, while inflation and savings were not significant. The result
also revealed that within the period of study, agriculture contributed 28% to 35% of
the gross domestic product. Forestry and fisheries contributed the least, while crop
and animal sub sectors contributed the highest.
Produced e-magazine highlight entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship program, intended for online viewing. Assembled content, managed freelance writers, and executed design and layout.
Times of yore in AgBioForum, current science and many agriculture journal issues have been discussed Bt cotton safety (Manjunath 2011) controversies (Geeta Bharathan 2001), success (Camille Gonsalves 2007), resistance issues (Akshaya et al., 2010) and cost-benefit analysis (Manjunath 2011) in India a question rose as to “Bt or Non-Bt”.
Article Citation:
King Solomon E and Rajesh Kannan V.
Rhizosphere Biology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, TamilNadu. India.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0022.pdf
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επισκεφθειτε την ιστοσελιδα μου για περιισσοτερες λεπτομερειες
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Produced e-magazine highlight entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship program, intended for online viewing. Assembled content, managed freelance writers, and executed design and layout.
Base Line Data of Diversity of Family-Carabidae in pench Tiger Reserve (East)...dbpublications
Present study was conducted during the year 2012 - 2014 dealing with the exploration of beetle diversity from Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR), M. S. This is the first base line data created for PTR. Beetles were collected by routine methods, later identified up to species with standard key characters. Carabids are environmental indicators and their status affects ecological function. Twelve species of family –Carabidae are reported under nine genera belonging to seven sub- families. These sub-families are Licininae, Paussinae, Harpalinae, Scaritinae , Siagoninae, Anthiinae
and Panagaeinae and the species are Brachinus, Pheropsophus, Chlaenius, C. tricolor, C. velutinus, C. bioculatus, C. scapularis, Scarites, Eudema tomentosus, Siagona, Anthia sexguttata, and Pterostichus.
An Investigation on the Impact of Plant-Animal Interactions in the Conservati...DrCShanmugaPriya
The Gulf of Mannar is a large shallow bay forming part of the Laccadive Sea in the Indian Ocean. It lies between the southeastern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka. 20 islands are running almost parallel to the coastline of the Gulf of Mannar. Among them, Mandapam group of islands (Hare, Manoli, Manoliputti, Poomarichan, Pullivasal, Krusadai, and Shingle) are one of the richest coastal regions for biodiversity in Asia. An ecological study for the conservation of the biodiversity in these islands was done from the year 2009 to 2010. Each island has its unique characteristics, of biodiversity surrounded by coral reefs. The littoral, mangrove, tidal swamp, dry deciduous and scrubs insular forests of the islands hold a diversified faunal assemblage. The predominant existing plant species of the island are the mangroves (Rhizophora mucronate pair, Avicennia marina (Forssk.)Vierh, Ceriopstagal (perr.)Rabins) and deciduous and scrub species (Pandanus fascicularis, Thespesia populnea, Tamarindus indica, Cordia subcordata, Pithecolobium dulce, Ficus benghalensis, Pleurostylia opposite, Acacia planifrons, Salvadora persica, and Zizyphus nummularia) Pemphis acidula (Lythraceae family of flowering herb) is the note worthy endemic plant species. These floras for their propagation totally depend on the Hymenopteran and Lepidopteran diversity of insects and the sun bird for pollination and Mammals and Aves for seed dispersal. This study on the animal - plant interaction helps a lot in the formulation of action plan for biodiversity conservation in Mandapam group of islands.
DIVERSITY STUDY OF ODONATA IN CHINTAMANI KAR BIRD SANCTUARY, KOLKATA, WEST BE...IAEME Publication
Species records of protected areas by creating checklists and updating them is crucial to understand species distribution, dynamics and possible threats to them. Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary is a protected area famed for its wide variety of floral and faunal diversity, located in close proximity to the metropolis of Kolkata and odonata is real flagship taxa of freshwater ecosystems, often used as indicator species to assess the quality of their close environment. Adult odonata (both suborder- Anisoptera; Dragonfly & Zygoptera; Damselfly) needs resource-rich terrestrial habitats for maturation, feeding, resting, and mating. Species diversity indices like Simpson and Shannon are applied to analyze the odonatan population diversity in this protected area. Our study of odonata populations has been made for the first time in this protected area. As far as species richness is concerned, the family Libellulidae is found to be dominant among Anisoptera whereas species of the family Coenagrionidae is dominant among Zygoptera. Our observations support the importance of this region in providing valuable habitats for Odonata.
CLIMATE EFFECTS AND HABITAT DESTRUCTION ON BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY IN THE EASTERN...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
Butterfly populations in Southern Andhra
pradesh are declining and in some cases they
are moving to higher elevations due to climate
changes, loss of habitat, resource availability
and habitat diversity etc. Using structural equation
modeling, we investigated direct and indirect
effects of climate variables, host plant
richness, and habitat diversity on butterfly species
richness, across the Southern Andhra
Pradesh around 350 km radius. These factors
were all important determinants of butterfly
population. Nearly 78 species were observed
under the study. Climate variables had strong
effects on habitat generalists, where as host
plant richness and habitat diversity contributed
relatively more for habitat specialists.
Considering the total effects, the abundance
of Butterfly diversity under climate was studied.
A preliminary checklist of avifauna in Hullathi Section of Ranebennur Blackbu...Open Access Research Paper
The Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary is located in Ranebennur Taluk of Haveri District, Karnataka. The sanctuary is declared on 17-6-1974 as per Government of Karnataka Notification No.AFD-58-PWL-74 with an area of 119 Sq.km (30,464 acres). This sanctuary mainly concerned with the conservation of Black bucks and Great Indian Bustard. Due to habitat loss GIB are not sighting since from 1998 and the sanctuary inhabits a wide variety of fauna and flora. The entire survey was comprehensively carried out by walking along the fixed paths for documentation of avifauna. Depending on the movement and occurrence, birds were classified as resident, resident migratory, local migratory, winter migratory and summer migratory depending on the frequency of sightings, birds were classified as: common, uncommon, rare and fairly common. The present study aims to estimate the avifaunal diversity in Hullathi section 0f Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary. The study revealed the occurrence of 104 species of birds in Hullathi section respectively. Among them Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), were listed in the near threatened category (IUCN, 2012). The result also showed that the agriculture land, wetland area and surrounding vegetation are favorable environmental conditions suitable for the migratory, resident as well as the threatened species of birds. These are protected under the provisions of schedule IV of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The spotting of these threatened bird species highlights the importance of study area as an important feeding, staging and wintering ground for birds.
Insecticidal activities of diketopiperazines of Nomuraea rileyi entomopathoge...IJEAB
Entomopathogenic fungi are fungal organisms extensively used in various parts of the world as biopesticides against insect pests that cause important economic damage. Various secondary metabolites produced by these fungi have many potential biological activities. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the insecticidal activity of extracts and pure compounds from Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson entomopathogenic fungi against Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera), Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera) and Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera), three insect pests that generate serious economic losses in the northwest of Argentina. Diketopiperazines were extracted from the culture free supernatant of the media with ethyl acetate. Antifeedant properties were detected in all extracts under dietary choice conditions (300 ug/ g of diet). The maximum antifeedant activity was noted in cycles (Pro-Val) (86.02) and cycle (Pro-Phe) (73.47), while the rest of the extracts and metabolites exhibited varying degrees of moderate or less toxic effects. The maximum oviposition deterrence against C. capitata (55.86%) was recorded with cycle (Pro-Phe) at a 50 µm/cm2 dose. Culture medium extracts supplemented with insect remains and all pure compounds showed repellent action against T. castaneum. The main repellency was observed in phenylacetic acid and cycle (Pro-Val) with RI values of 42 and 41% respectively. The present study would suggest the possible utilization of entomopathogenic fungal metabolites as an effective agent for controlling insect pests that cause important economic losses.
Checklist of the Woody Species in Zalingei Locality, Central Darfur State- Sudan and their Economic Uses.
conference paper presented in post-graduate conference, Alneelain University, Khartoum
Beetles in Selected Barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippinesijtsrd
This initial research effort was conducted to identify the beetle species in five selected barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, and describe the environmental factors that affect the presence of beetles in the study area. It used the descriptive method of research, with the purposive sampling technique as the sampling procedure utilized.Due to limitations of the researcher, a total of only seventeen 17 beetle species, belonging to eleven 11 families, were found present in different sampling sites. The most abundant of the beetle species individual was Harmonia axyridis, constituting 76.14 of the total number of beetles in the study area, while the least abundant were Alaus sp., and Diphucephala sp., each with only one 1 individual present, accounting for a relative abundance of only 0.46 . The air and soil temperature range between 27oC to 29oC. Grasses, trees, shrubs, and herbs were the common vegetation present in the study sites where beetles were found. This implies that environmental factors were conducive for the beetles to thrive in the area. The presence of different beetle species indicates the study area has a diverse beetle fauna, albeit it is only a small fraction of the total beetle species listed in the country. It is imperative that conservation efforts should be strengthened by the LGU in order to conserve not only the beetle population in the study area, but other organisms, both flora and fauna, as well. Jehosaphat C. Jazmin | Abel Alejandro U. Flores, Jr. ""Beetles in Selected Barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22937.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22937/beetles-in-selected-barangays-of-catarman-northern-samar-philippines/jehosaphat-c-jazmin
Identification and Evaluation of Antifungal Compounds from Botanicals for th...researchagriculture
Red rot is a devastating disease in sugarcane caused by fungus,
Colletotrichum
falcatum
. In this study, eighteen different botanicals were screened for
identifying effective antifungal compound against
C.
falcatum.
Among the plants
screened, 15 per cent aqueous leaf extract of
Psoralea corylifolia
alone inhibited 100
per cent growth of both mycelium as well as spore germination under
in vitro
conditions. The extract did not exhibit any inhibitory effect to the beneficial microbes
viz.
,
Pseudomonas fluorescens
,
Bacillus megaterium
and
Gluconacetobacter
diazotrophicus
which are normally used in sugarcane. The effective plant extracts
exhibiting 100 per cent antifungal activity was subjected to TLC, HPLC and GC
-
MS
analysis to identify the bioactive antifungal compound. It revealed the
presence of
7H
-
furo [3,2
-
G] (1) benzopyran
-
7
-
one as main bioactive compound which is thought to be
the intermediate of antifungal compound, 8
–
methoxypsoralen formed during
biosynthesis.
Pesticidal efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of Tephrosia vogelii L., Alli...researchagriculture
Cabbage aphid (
Brevicoryne brassicae
L.) is one of the most problematic
pests in smallholder vegetable production, causing significant yield losses in heavy
infestations. Current control strategy focuses on use of synthetic pesticides that
consequently lead to decimation of natural enemies, development of insect
resistance and resurgence and upset biodiversity. Botanical pesticides have been used
widely in smallholder farmers but not much documented literature exists on efficacy
of these products. A field trial was done to assess the efficacy of crude aqueous
extracts of
Tephrosia vogelii
,
Allium sativum
and
Solanum incanum
in controlling
Brevicoryne brassicae
in
Brassica napus
production. The trial was laid in a randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments replicated four times. The five
treatments used in the experiment were
T
.
vogelii
,
A
.
sativum
,
S
.
incanum
,
dimethoate and control. Wingless adult female aphids were inoculated three weeks
after transplanting of seedlings. Spraying and data collection were done weekly for
four weeks. Data was collected on aphid nymph and adult counts on the third leaf
from the aerial plant part of randomly selected plants from each treatment for
24 hours after the application of treatments and total plant fresh weight per each
treatment. There were significant differences (p<0.05)><0.05) on the yield of rape. It was concluded that
T. vogelii
,
S
.
incanum
and
A
.
sativum
aqueous crude extracts have some pesticidal
effects on aphid in rape
production.
Influence of Long Term Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on the Biochemist...researchagriculture
As the tea plantation in hilly tracts are located in slopes, the management of
fertilizer regimes is somewhat challengeable due to leaching which in turn affect the
quality of tea soil. In light of this fact the present study was focused to determine the
quality of tea soil in terms of the evaluation of certain physical and biological
characteristics as influenced by various dosage of fertilizer applications. The impact of long
term nitrogen and potassium fertilization on biochemical characteristics and microbial
activities in tea soil has been analyzed in the present study. Different sources and rates of
nitrogen (ammonium sulphate and urea), and potassium (muriate of potash) were tested
at two soil depths (0
-
10 cm and 10
-
20 cm) and for two seasons (premonsoon and
monsoon). The acidic tea soil was further acidified with nitrogen application and the
extent of acidification varied with the fertilizer type and season. Soil respiration rates were
higher in 0
-
10 cm soils and were positively related to soil nitrogen and potassium
concentrations. Among the soil enzymes analyzed, urease activity exhibited different
trends in the two soil depths at different seasons. Urease activity tended to increase with
increasing potassium application rates, whereas higher cellulase activity was associated
with lower nitrogen application rates. This study clearly indicates that the soil quality
depends on the fertilizer application rates and season.
Anther Culture of Pepper: Morphological Charactersitics of Fruits of Androgen...researchagriculture
The presented study describes the effectiveness of induced androgenesis in
in vitro pepper anther culture. The aim of this study was the establishment of
effective technology for induction of embryogenesis in pepper anther culture;
development of the embryos into plantlets; successful adaptation and acclimatization
of plantlets from sterile to greenhouse conditions, and the breeding process of
obtained androgenetic pepper lines in the plastic tunnel conditions. From 19 pepper
genotypes under investigation, 12 possessed potential for embryo formation in
anther culture. After the acclimatization and adaptation of plantlets, seed material
from four pepper genotypes were collected: Piran, Kurtovska kapija SR, Zlaten medal
SR and Féherözön. From the collected seed material, breeding processes of
androgenetic pepper lines was set up in plastic tunnel (from April
-
October
2007
-
2010). The pepper genotypes and androgenetic lines as their products differ
among themselves in the length of phonological phases, fruit type and fruit utilization.
Detailed study for characterization of morphological and production parameters of
the fruits was established that indicate to sort out lines with positive characteristics.
Uses of Ganoderma and other Mushrooms as Medicine in Oshana and Ohangwena r...researchagriculture
Basidiomycetes fungi, including
Ganoderma lucidum
, have a variety of uses
such as providing nutrition and medical remedies. The mushroom
G. lucidum
has
been used for a long time to cure liver problems, heart condition, asthma, cancer,
high blood pressure and arthritis. Recently, it has been associated with boosting
immune systems in HIV infected persons. It is for these reasons that the mushroom
has attracted a lot of attention leading to proposals of cultivating to increase supply
to the Southern African market. This study was initiated with the objective of
determining the uses of
Ganoderma
species and other mushrooms by local
communities in Oshana and Ohangwena Regions of northern Namibia. A survey was
conducted in the 10% households of each of the two northern regions of Namibia.
A questionnaire for face
-
to
-
face interviews was designed and applied to the two
Regions. The information survey has revealed that
Ganoderma
species have a variety
of other traditional uses including veterinary applications, while other five species of
mushrooms are used as nerve calming tonics and as treatment of skin infections. The
study found out that those interviewed in Ohangwena Region use more mushrooms
for medicinal purposes than those interviewed in Oshana Region.
Farmers’ Constraints In Rice Production In South - East Nigeriaresearchagriculture
The study was carried out in South East Nigeria to evaluate the
socioeconomic attributes of rice farmers and identify the major constraints facing the
rice enterprise in the area. The study relied mainly on primary data obtained by
questionnaire and interview administered on a total of 158 farmers across four states
that constitute the South East Agro
-
ecological area. Descriptive statistics was mainly
used to analyze the data collected. Findings show that farmers in rice production were
dominated by married, literate, male farmers. Major constraints to rice production
include poor extension contact, lack of finance, high cost of agrochemical, lack of
inorganic fertilizer, lack of processing facilities/ standard measure for rice, lack of
credit, and delay in supply of improved rice varieties. It was recommended that the
government should expose farmers to skills and knowledge required to overcome the
constraints in rice production through the development of extension
training/ teaching service, development of rural infrastructure, irrigation/storage/
processing facilities and credit supply at affordable interest rates.
Technical Efficiency Differentials and Resource - Productivity Analysis amon...researchagriculture
The importance of soybean as a high protein, primary input in vegetable oil,
diary and feed industries is not in doubt. The technical efficiency and
resource
-
productivity of smallholder soybean farmers in Benue State, Nigeria were
estimated using cross sectional data obtained on 96 soybean farmers in the empirical
analysis. Results obtained with transcendental logarithmic (translog) stochastic
frontier model showed that the technical efficiencies varied widely from
0.254 to 0.999 with a mean of 0.718. This indicates that smallholder soybean
production was in the irrational stage of production (stage III) as depicted by the
returns
-
to
-
scale (RTS) of
-
2.848. Land and fertilizer were effectively allocated and
used, as confirmed by each variable having estimated coefficient value between zero
and unity, depicting stage II in the production curve. The productivity of the factors
can be enhanced by expanding the farm size at the existing level of labour so that the
variable of labour used could move from stage III to stage II in the production curve.
Labour saving resource and/or practices should be encouraged for productivity and
technical efficiency to be enhanced.
Factors affecting agricultural sustainable activities among wheat producersresearchagriculture
The sustainability of agricultural activities has been emphasized in many
studies. The main objective of this study is to determine the major factors affecting
the adoption of
sustainable activities among wheat producers in Marvdasht county in
Iran. The Survey research was used and the sample consists of 178 farmers that
selected with simple random sampling technique from 10 villages. Findings showed a
positive correlation between educational level, knowledge on sustainability, attending
on educational classes, participation in extension activities, social norms and
conducting sustainable agricultural activities. The regression findings showed that
age, educational level, knowledge on sustainability, agricultural income, total land of
family, attending on educational classes, participation in extension activities, social
norms, controllability of production factors were major variables to explain variability
in adoption of sustainable activities among wheat producers. The study has provided
recommendations to improve of adoption rate in sustainable agricultural activities.
Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) prepared from Sargassum wightii an...researchagriculture
The effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of
Sargassum wightii
and
Hypnea
musciformis
were evaluated on the seedling growth and biochemical parameters of
the pulse,
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
(L). The seeds of
C. tetragonoloba
soaked in SLF
performed better when compared to the water soaked controls in terms of growth
and certain biochemical attributes. The seeds were sown in soil and SLF were added
to soil bed in four different concentrations separately (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 5% w/v).
C.
tetragonoloba
seedlings showed positive response at 0.5% concentration of aqueous
seaweed extracts in almost all the growth parameters studied. Similarly, a significant
increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments and biochemical constituents such
as soluble protein and starch was noted. The use of
Sargassum
and
Hypnea
extracts
proved to be effective.
Effects of storage conditions on viability, germination and sugar content of ...researchagriculture
Pearl millet (
Pennisetum glaucum
) is the most widely grown type of millet in
Africa and Asia. Pearl millet is well adapted to growing in areas characterized by
drought, low soil fertility, and high temperature. It grow well in soil with high salinity
or low pH.
In northern Namibia, pearl millet grains are stored in wooden, plastic and
cement containers for future consumption and also seeds for the next planting
season. This study looked at viability, germination and sugar content of pearl millet
grains in different containers after 0
-
16 months post
-
harvest.
Germination and
viability of pearl millet grains decreased as the period of storage increased, and this
was more obvious especially in cement and wooden containers. Viability in wooden
container ranged between 64
-
50% after 8
-
16 months post
-
harvest compared to
83
-
74% in plastic container and 30
-
12% in wooden container after a similar period of
storage. Pearl millet grains were found to contain high amounts of starch and sucrose
for the first four months and it decreases as storage time increase. As the duration
time of storing the pearl millet grain increased, the amount of starch and sucrose
decreased. This happened in all storage containers but there was a rapid loss in starch
and sucrose content in cement storage than in the other storage facilities.
Biodegradation of insecticidal compounds of Clausena anisata and Plectrant...researchagriculture
Essential oils of some aromatic plants are suggested in Northern Cameroon
as alternatives to hazardous pesticides having harmful effects on the consumer and
the environment. The active compounds of these essential oils are very volatile, easily
biodegradable. To be effective, treatments should be made with short interval and
regular time. This mode of use generates the accumulation of constituents of these
essential oils on the treated food and could limit food security and safety. The present
study aimed at evaluating the variation of the constituent’s quality of
Clausena
anisata
(Rutaceae)
and
Plectranthus glandulosus
(Lamiaceae)
essential oils and their
levels on food products according to time. In this way, samples of corn grains and
flour were treated with these essential oils and stored during 150 days. During this
storage, the persistent compounds present in these samples were extracted by
hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID. The obtained
results showed that, essential
oils concentration decreases on food products according to the duration of storage,
with half
-
life times (IT50) of 24.16 and 34.61 days for
C. anisata
, and 25 and 38.75
days for
P. glandulosus
, respectively on grains and flour. At 150 days after the
treatment, there is no more that six constituents of
C. anaisata
and 3 of
P.
glandulosus
on the grains, and 10 and seven constituents on the flour respectively for
these two essential oils. The rates of these persistent constituents are more than 62.5
times lower than the toxic concentration observed from the day of treatment. At
these used doses, these constituents are not toxic to consumers.
Extension of grid soil sampling technology: application of extended Technolog...researchagriculture
Grid soil sampling technology is one of the most important information
technologies in agriculture. Application of these technologies is a way to understand
the extent of needed nutrient elements of soil. The purpose of this research is to
investigate the attitude and intention to the extension of grid soil sampling
technologies among agricultural specialists in Iran. A survey was used to collect data
from 249 specialists. The results using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed
that attitude to use is the most important determinant of intention to extension.
Attitude of confidence, observability and triability positively affect intention to
extension of these technologies. Perceived ease of use indirectly influences the
intention to extension through attitude to use.
Uptake and translocation of copper by mycorrhized seedlings Sterculia setige...researchagriculture
Pot culture experiments were established to determine the effects of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) (
Glomus fasciculatum
) on tropical gum tree
(
Sterculia setigera
Del.) grown in Copper contaminated soils. AMF and non
-
AMF
inoculated plants were grown in sterilized substrates and subjected to different
copper level (0, 200, 400,600, 800 mg kg
-
1
) concentrations. Root and shoot biomasses
of inoculated plants were significantly higher than those of non
-
inoculated. Copper
concentrations in roots were significantly higher than those in shoots in both the
inoculated and non
-
inoculated plants, indicating this heavy metal mostly accumulated
in the roots of plants. Copper translocation efficiency from root to shoot was lower in
mycorrhizal plants than in nonmycorrhizal ones at any Copper addition levels.
However, at high soil Copper concentrations, shoot Copper concentration of
inoculated plant were significantly reduced by about 50% compared to non
-
inoculated plants. These results indicated that AMF could promote tropical gum tree
growth and decrease the uptake of Cu at higher soil concentrations, thus protecting
their hosts from the toxicity of Copper contaminated soils.
Effect of elements of communication on effectiveness of poultry technology m...researchagriculture
This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of elements of
communications on effectiveness of poultry technology messages in Delta State,
Nigeria. A sample size of 180 poultry farmers and 46 extension agents were randomly
selected and used for the study. The findings showed that the poultry technology
messages communicated to farmers included climate change adaptation measures,
poultry waste management, bird flu prevention, prevention of predators and exotic
breeds of broiler and layer birds. All the elements of communication such as source
(sender), message, channel, and receiver had positive correlation with effectiveness
of poultry technology messages. There is a need to sustain the use of a combination
of channels, various elements in the communication process should be seriously
considered in message designs, its execution and extension agents. Poultry farmers
should be encouraged to improve on their role performance.
Assessment of aquaculture sediment for agricultural fertilizer supplement an...researchagriculture
Overuse of farmlands for crop production and rising cost of chemical
Overuse of farmlands for crop production and rising cost of chemical fertilizers have
grossly affected crop yield, production and food availability, and the search for
alternative use of locally available aquaculture
-
waste for fertilizer and soil
improvement can improve crop yield and food availability for the teaming population
of Nigeria and other sub
-
Saharan African countries. This research determined the pH,
Organic Matter, nitrate and phosphate qualities of 10 fishpond sediments for use as
agricultural fertilizer supplement and soil conditioner in Owerri, Nigeria. Samples
were subjected to standard physicochemical analysis. The pH ranged from 8.1
-
7.3,
organic matter from 46.6
-
61.3 g/kg, nitrate from 2.6
-
3.2 g/kg and phosphate from
0.05
-
0.1 g/kg. The higher the organic matter in the sediment samples, the higher the
recorded pH, nitrate and phosphate from the different ponds sediments. Organic
material, nitrate, phosphate and pH variation in the sediments might be due to
nutrients added to pond water from fertilizer, unconsumed feed, fish feaces and
metabolites. The nitrate and phosphate are major plant nutrients; organic matter can
be used as soil conditioner. The pH can determine the soil chemistry and availability
of the nutrients. The fish pond sediment can help to improve soil texture and soil
fertility, which may influence soil aeration, water, and nutrient
-
holding capacity and
root penetration by crops and increased crops growth and yield. It can serve as
alternative uses for fertilizer, soil conditioner, and its application as a waste
management approach in aquaculture for environmental sustainability.
Seed morphometric studies of some Kenaf ( Hibiscus canabinus ) accessions researchagriculture
Fifteen kenaf lines collected from kenaf and Jute Improvement Programme
of Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R.& T.) were subjected to digital
imaging analysis using USB microscope with digital imaging software (Veho™ UK) and
Vernier caliper to study the seed morphometric of available kenaf accession and the
possibility of using the morphometric data to determine variations between the
accessions. Ten seeds in four replicates of each seed lot were randomly selected and
measurement of the seed length, seed width, seed angle and seed thickness were
taken. The measurements were inputted and saved into Microsoft excel from where
the mean value of each parameters were calculated for each replicates. Data were
subjected to Analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis
and clustering analysis. Variation exit among seed of kenaf accessions though they
had similar microscopic appearance features. Seed area, which was a function of seed
length and seed width contributed largely to the variation that exist between the seed
of kenaf accessions. Accession HC
-
583
-
31
2
, clearly distinguished itself from others and
therefore can be used in parent selection during breeding programmes. The inclusion
of this seed morphometrics trait in taxonomic description of kenaf is recommended to
increase the accuracy of morphological classification of kenaf.
Analysis of adaptation and extent of adaptation to climate variability among ...researchagriculture
The performance of agriculture is influenced by many factors including
climate variability. This factor is gradually being recognized as a key element in
shaping the form, scale, size and time
-
frame of agricultural productivity. Climate
variability is expected to have significant economic, environmental and social impacts
on various sectors of the Kenyan economy. In particular, rural farmers who depend on
major crops like maize and wheat for their livelihoods are likely to bear the brunt of
adverse impacts. The extent to which these impacts are felt depends in large part on
the extent of adaptation in response to climate variability. The key question here is,
“Why are wheat farmers in Rongai district facing continued decline in wheat output
despite evidence from both national and continental perspective that farmers have
adapted to climatic variability”. This study seeks to find out whether wheat farmers in
Rongai District have adapted to climate variability, and if that is the case, to what
extent. The study used multistage sampling procedure to select 150 wheat farmers in
Rongai district informed by both primary and secondary data sources. Data analysis
was done using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that indeed, farmers in the
area were able to recognize that temperatures have increased and there has been a
reduction in the volume of rainfall as well the vegetation cover. They were also able
to note changes in disease occurrence and pest infestation. The percentage of
farmers who perceived the changes was 62% while those who did not were 38%. The
percentage of farmers who perceived changes in temperature, precipitation and
vegetation cover were all equal. This indicates that the farmers were able to relate all
the three indicators of climate variability similarly.
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops of developing countries and
the staple food of about 65% of the world’s population. The rice crops have been
greatly disturbed by the heavy metals. The present study deals with the toxic effect of
sodium arsenate on morphological and molecular variation through SDS
-
PAGE in 10
rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) varieties. Ten varieties of rice were grown under different
concentration (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) of sodium arsenate against control.
Morphological parameters like shoot length, root length, leaf area and biomass
showed marked differences among ten rice varieties. The proteins were separated
through SDS
-
PAGE gel electrophoresis and calculated their molecular weight. The
morphological and molecular variations induced in rice varieties by arsenic stress
provide a new insight leading to a better understanding of the heavy metal response
in plants.
Postharvest status of plantains in some selected markets in Ghanaresearchagriculture
Plantain production and marketing has been done traditionally, as the problem of
food
production shortage during the last decade in Ghana has temporarily been solved
with
import substitute staple like rice.
A survey of marketing and utilisation of plantain in
twenty
-
two urban markets from five regions of Ghana revealed that fruit maturity has
important criteria to all players in the plantain postharvest system.
Unavailable, improper
infrastructure and facilities coupled with unreliable transportation system and poor road
network shorten the shelf
-
life thus causing rapid ripening with subsequent increase in
postharvest losses.
The practiced technology for enhancing ripening of fruits, though
low, was appropriate
and cost effective. The role of market queens in the retailing of
the product had a
negative effect on the rate of returns of the retailers, which
contributed to about 45% of
the traders being seasonal sellers. However with about 60%
of respondents had basic education and their level of record and book keeping was
impressive.
Postharvest systems of selected vegetables in the upper east and west regio...researchagriculture
Every Ghanaian household uses eggplant, okra, onion, pepper and tomato as well
as other leafy vegetables. Its widespread usage had led to wide cultivation using different
soil types. Pockets of spoilage predominate during favourable seasons. Postharvest losses
up to about 50% have been documented for some of these perishables. Interventions in
the postharvest subsector were in the past oriented
towards isolated technical solutions
with subsequent dissemination. In this
survey using a structured questionnaire, the
whole set of operations within the chain from production to consumption was studied
for the two upper regions of
Ghana. Production was basically during the dry season when
there was no major
farming active for the main staples. Tomato and onions had high
premium thus
were the main vegetables grown. Cultivation was done near dams,
waterbeds or
dugout for source of irrigation. The drudgery involved in cultivation
restricted
production to lower acreage and basically men.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Biodiversity of Butterflies at Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu
1. Biodiversity of Butterflies at Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District,
Tamil Nadu
Keywords:
Butterflies, Species, Relative Abundance, Crop Ecosystem, Ambasamudram.
ABSTRACT:
The present study has been aimed to explore the existing diversity of
butterflies from Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu. A total of
19 genera and 23 species belonging to eight families were recorded. Out of these,
Nymphalidae were dominant with 7 species, followed by Papilionidae (5 species),
Pieridae (5 species), Danaidae (3 species), Acraeidae (1 species), Hesperiidae
(1 species), Lycaenidae (1 species), and Satyridae (1 species). Nymphalidae was found
to be the most dominant members with 30.43% followed by Papilionidae (21.74%),
Pieridae (17.39%) and Danaidae (13.04%). The minimum number of species found in
this habitat was from the families such as Acraeidae (4.35%), Hesperiidae (4.35%),
Lycaenidae (4.35%) and Satyridae (4.35%).
099-107 | JRA | 2012 | Vol 1 | No 2
This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and
reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
www.jagri.info
Journal of Research in
Agriculture
An International Scientific
Research Journal
Authors:
Elanchezhyan K1
,
VinothKumar B2
,
Madhu Sudhanan E3
.
Institution:
1. Assistant Professor
(Agrl. Entomology),
Rice Research Station,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, Ambasamudram-
627 401, Tirunelveli,
Tamil Nadu, India.
2. Assistant Professor
(Agrl. Entomology),
Hybrid Rice Evaluation
Centre, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University,
Gudalur - 643 212,
The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu,
India.
3. Research Scholar,
Dept. of Agricultural
Entomology, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University,
Coimbatore - 641 003,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Corresponding author:
Elanchezhyan K.
Email:
drchezhiyanphd@gmail.com
Web Address:
http://www.jagri.info
documents/AG0025.pdf.
Dates:
Received: 12 Jul 2012 Accepted: 25 Jul 2012 Published: 31 Jul 2012
Article Citation:
Elanchezhyan K, VinothKumar B, Madhu Sudhanan E.
Biodiversity of Butterflies at Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu.
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2012) 1(2): 099-107
Original Research
Journal of Research in Agriculture
JournalofResearchinAgriculture An International Scientific Research Journal
2. INTRODUCTION
Insects are extremely important components of
the bioindicators of the world (Chakaravarthy et al.,
1997; Jana et al., 2009). Butterflies are one of the most
amazing and magnificent elements of bio-diversity.
They are most beautiful and attractive than most other
insects and have fascinated human imagination and
creativity. They are valuable pollinators in the local
environment and help to pollinate more than
50 economically important crops (Borges et al., 2003)
and are one of the important food chain components of
birds, reptiles, spiders and predatory insects. They are
also good indicators of a healthy environment and
healthy ecosystems because they are sensitive to changes
in microclimate, temperature, solar radiation and the
availability of host plants for oviposition and larval
development (Thomas et al., 1998; Fordyce and Nice,
2003).
Though there are number of records of butterflies
in various places of India (Mani, 1986; Haribal, 1992;
Mehta et al., 1999; Murugan et al., 1999; Pai and Priya,
2001), due to the typical eco-climatic and geographic
features, Western Ghats is considered as one of the most
diversified areas containing a wide variety of species of
butterflies. Out of 1501 species of butterflies recorded
from the Indian region so far (Kunte, 2000), 350 species
are from Peninsular India, 331 species from the Western
Ghats and 313 species of butterflies from South India
(Gaonkar, 1996). The butterfly fauna of the southern part
of the Peninsular India is very rich and diverse compared
to the other parts of the peninsula due to the availability
of diverse habitats, a wide range of altitudinal gradients
and associated microclimate regimes.
India has a rich butterfly fauna, but due to
various reasons such as increased urban features
including roads and buildings, habitat destruction, fire,
use of pesticides and illegal collection for trade, many
species have become very rare and some are on the verge
of extinction. Therefore, the present study makes an
attempt to explore the existing diversity of butterflies
from Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District,
Tamil Nadu.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area
The study on the biodiversity of butterflies was
carried out in Ambasamudram and nearby areas.
Ambasamudram is located in the foothills of Western
Ghats of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, Southern India.
The area receives good rainfall during both the north-east
and south-west monsoons. The location is situated
at 8°42’ latitude and 77°28’ longitude at an altitude of
64.8 m above MSL. The mean annual rainfall of the area
during the study period was 652.4 mm.
Methodology Adopted
The study on the biodiversity of butterflies was
carried out in different crop ecosystems at
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu.
The area under study includes cultivated crops viz., rice,
black gram, cotton, sugarcane, vegetables, Lime, flowers
and forest trees besides weeds such as Calotropis sp.,
Leucas aspera, Lantana camera and Tridax procumbens.
The adult butterflies were carefully collected from
different ecosystems, killed, preserved and stored in
insect storage boxes, using naphthalene as repellent, to
prevent secondary infection to the stored specimens.
100 Journal of Research in Agriculture (2012) 1(2): 099-107
Elanchezhyan et al.,2012
Fig 1. Dominant butterfly species at
Ambasamudram Taluk
3. Journal of Research in Agriculture (2012) 1(2): 099-107 101
Elanchezhyan et al.,2012
Common Name Scientific Name
Family: Acraeidae
Tawny Coster Acraea violae Fabricius
Family: Danaidae
Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Linnaeus
Striped Tiger Danaus genutia Cramer
Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace Cramer
Family: Hesperiidae
Small Branded Swift Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius)
Family: Lycaenidae
Gram Blue Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius)
Table 1. List of butterfly species identified at Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli
4. 102 Journal of Research in Agriculture (2012) 1(2): 099-107
Elanchezhyan et al.,2012
Family: Nymphalidae
Peacock pansy Junonia almana Linnaeus
Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias Linnaeus
Grey pansy Junonia atlites Linnaeus
Danaid eggfly Hypolimnus misippus Linnaeus
Common castor Ariadne merione Cramer
Common Indian Crow Euploea core Cramer
5. Journal of Research in Agriculture (2012) 1(2): 099-107 103
Elanchezhyan et al.,2012
Rustic Cupha erymanthis Drury
Family: Papilionidae
Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus
Common Mormon Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Crimson Rose Atrophaneura hector Linnaeus
Tailed Jay Graphium Agamemnon Linnaeus
Southern Birdwing Troides minos Cramer
6. 104 Journal of Research in Agriculture (2012) 1(2): 099-107
Elanchezhyan et al.,2012
Common gull Cepora nerissa (Fabricius)
Pioneer white Belenois aurota (Fabricius)
Common Jezebel Delias eucharis Drury
Common Emigrant (Male) Catopsilia Pomona Fabricius
Common Emigrant
(Female)
Catopsilia Pomona Fabricius
Family: satyridae
Common Evening Brown Melanitis ismene Linnaeus
Family: Pieridae
7. The specimens were identified with the help of standard
identification keys provided in the reference books
(Kunte, 2000; Kehimkar, 2008; Gunasekaran and
Balasubramanian, 2010; Singh, 2011; Hussain et al.,
2011; Alagumurugan et al., 2011; Guptha et al., 2012).
The butterfly species which were encountered during the
study period are listed in Table 1.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 19 genera and 23 species belonging to
eight families were recorded. Out of these, Nymphalidae
were dominant with 7 species (Fig. 1), followed by
Papilionidae (5 species), Pieridae (5 species), Danaidae
(3 species), Acraeidae (1 species), Hesperiidae
(1 species), Lycaenidae (1 species), and Satyridae
(1 species) (Table 1). The abundance of butterfly species
population in the selected area may be due to the
availability of ample food, optimum climate and a serene
atmosphere (Ravindra et al., 1996).
The relative abundance of butterflies was
calculated and presented in Table 2. Among the eight
families, Nymphalidae was found to be the most
dominant members with 30.43% followed by
Papilionidae (21.74%), Pieridae (17.39%) and
Danaidae (13.04%). The minimum number of species
found in this habitat was from the families such as
Acraeidae (4.35%), Hesperiidae (4.35%),
Lycaenidae (4.35%) and Satyridae (4.35%) (Fig. 2).
The predominance of Nymphalidae from Western Ghats
has been reported by earlier workers also (Kunte, 1997;
Easwaran and Pramod, 2005; Padhye et al., 2006;
KrishnaKumar et al., 2008; Ramesh et al., 2010).
The reason for the increase in diversity might be due to
the favourable tropical climate conditions, availability of
more number of host plants, and vegetation cover of
herbs, shrubs and trees for nectaring of butterflies
(Tiple, 2009)
In India, Acraeidae represents only two species
and only one species in South India
(Wynter-Blyth, 1957). Subba Reddi et al., (2003)
reported that the rainfall conditions greatly influence the
butterfly numbers and species distribution. The
butterflies tend to avoid dry habitat and prefer moist
places. Moreover, factors such as scarcity of water, poor
nectar and dry vegetation results in less butterfly
abundance and lower survival ability of most species.
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2012) 1(2): 099-107 105
Elanchezhyan et al.,2012
Fig 2. Abundance of Butterfly Species at
Ambasamudram
S.No. Family Number of Genera Relative Abundance (%) Number of species Relative Abundance (%)
1. Acraeidae 01 5.26 01 4.35
2. Danaidae 02 10.53 03 13.04
3. Hesperiidae 01 5.26 01 4.35
4. Lycaenidae 01 5.26 01 4.35
5. Nymphalidae 05 26.33 07 30.43
6. Papilionidae 04 21.05 05 21.74
7. Pieridae 04 21.05 04 17.39
8. Satyridae 01 5.26 01 4.35
Total 19 100 23 100
Table 2. Relative abundance of butterflies at Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli
8. Clark et al., (2007) reported that the increased human
activities (i.e. urbanization) were associated with
decreased butterfly species as the rich and rare and
specialized species were the most affected. Urban
development is expected to have a deleterious impact on
butterfly populations, because, the construction of
buildings and concretes replaces or reduces the area or
natural and semi-natural habitats (Tiple and Khurad,
2009). Sudden occurrence of abiotic stress may lead to
substantial decline of the butterfly species and thus the
change in butterfly diversity can be used as an indicator
of environmental degradation (Hussain et al., 2011).
Thus, biodiversity of butterflies plays an important role
in the healthy environment as well as healthy
ecosystems.
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