This document discusses biodiversity, including its definition, types, benefits, threats, and importance. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic diversity within species, between species, and among ecosystems. It notes that biodiversity provides both consumptive value through resources like food and medicine, and non-consumptive value through benefits like recreation. However, biodiversity faces threats like habitat loss and degradation, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change. The document emphasizes the importance of conservation efforts like protected areas and ex situ conservation to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions for future generations.

3. 1. Introduction
2. Concept of Biodiversity and its types
3. Benefits of Biodiversity
4. Threats to Biodiversity
5. Conservation of Biodiversity
6. Importance of biodiversity
7. Conclusion
8. Reference
Contents

4. The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G. Rosen in
1986.
 The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of
innumerable organisms, known as the Biodiversity, which
constitute the vital life support for survival of human race.
Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity, represent
the sum total of various life forms such as unicellular fungi,
protozoa, bacteria, and multi cellular organisms such as plants,
fishes, and mammals at various biological levels including
gens, habitats, and ecosystem .

5. Bio =
Biodiversity
What does “Bio” means?

6. Biodiversity
Diversity = Variety
What does “Diversity” means?

8. 1. Diversity of genes
Each member of any animal or plants
species differs widely from other individual
in its genetic makeup.
for ex- Chihuahuas, beagles, and rottweilers are all the
same species —but they're not the same because there is
variety in their genes.
Chihuahua Beagle
Rottweilers

9. 2. Diversity of number of species
number of species of plants and animals
that are present in a region constitutes its
species diversity.
For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and meadow
beauties are all different species.
Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow Beauty

10. There are large variety of different
ecosystems on earth. Each having their
own complement of distinctive interlinked
species based on the differences in the
habitat
3. Variety of ecosystems
Lakes, Ponds, and Rivers are all Freshwater
Ecosystems.
 Rocky coast, Sand Dune, Estuary, Salt Marsh , Coral
Reef are all Marine Ecosystems.

12. Consumptive value:
 Food/Drink
 Fuel
 Medicine
 Batter crop varieties
 Industrial Material
Non-Consumptive Value:
 Recreation
 Education and Research
 Traditional value

13. Natural causes:
 Narrow geographical area
 Low population
 Low breeding rate
 Natural disasters
Anthropogenic causes:
 Habitat modification
 Overexploitation of selected
species
 Innovation by exotic species

14.  Pollution
 Hunting
 Global warming and climate
change
 Agriculture
 Domino effect
 Habitat loss

15. Habitat loss

17. Habitat loss:-
Habitat loss can be described when an animal loses their
home. Every animal in the animal kingdom has a niche, a
their in their animal community and without their habitat
they no longer have a niche.
Reasons of habitat loss by humans:
~ agriculture, farming
~ harvesting natural resources for personal use
~ for industrial and urbanization development
– Food demand
– Deforestation and thereby land degradation
Habitat destruction is currently ranked as the primary
causes of species extinction world wide…!!!

19. Solutions on for this..
~ Protecting remaining intact section of natural
habitat.
~ Reduce human population and expansion of
urbanisation and industries.
~ Educating the public about the importance of
natural habitat and bio diversity.
~Solutions to habitat loss can include planting trees,
planting home gardens so as to reduce need for man to
need large lands for agricultural farms which lead to
habitat loss.

22. Poaching

23. Poaching:-
Poaching is the hunting and harvesting taking of wild
plants or animals, such as
through hunting, harvesting, fishing, or trapping.
History of poaching
~ Millions of years ago, in the Stone Age
~Followed through the ages, to even the
tribal natives
~but it was during the Late Middle Ages that
poaching became a punishable offense

25. Why Poaching is done???
~ Poaching is done for large profits gained
by the illegal sale or trade of animal parts,
meat and pelts.
~ Exists because there is a demand for these
products, caused by a lack of education or
disregard for the law amongst the
buyers
~ Many cultures believe that certain animal
parts have medicinal value.

27. Poaching is not limited to animals
its also for plants too…………!
Three of the most often poached species in the park
are galax, black cohosh, and ginseng.
GALAX BLACK COHOSH GINSENG

28. How does poaching affect the
environment?
~Poaching or illegal hunting causes animals endangered
of being extinct. If more animals becomes extinct
there's a disruption in the food chain, and that will
cause major problems in our ecosystem, resulting
eventually in new adaptations of animals, and or
species beyond human control.
~Poaching results in animals being hunted too soon for
them to have time to reproduce and repopulate.

29.  Biodiversity inventories
 Conserving Biodiversity in protected Habitats-
• In situ conservation
• Ex situ conservation
 Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA
Bank
Gene Bank
zoo
Bandhavgarh National Park

30.  The term insitu conservation denotes
conservation of species in its natural habitat ,that is
where the species is normally found.
 The insitu conservation strategies stress on
protection of total ecosystems through a network
of protected areas

31.  This is a conservation of species outside their
habitat.
1. Seed bank, gene bank, germplasm bank
2. Translocation area
3. Botanical parks
4. Zoological parks

32. Biodiversity
Conservation
In situ
Sacred
groves and
lakes
Biosphere
Reserves
Terrestrial
Marine
National
parks, wildlife
sanctuaries
Ex situ
Sacred plant home
garden
Seed Bank, Gene
bank,
Cryopreservation
Botanical garden,
Zoological garden,
Aquaria

33. BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA
Source- Based on Kumar et.al 2000
Categories No. of Indian
Species
% of Indian species
Evaluated
Species Threatened
In India
Mammals 386 59 41%
Birds 1219 _ 7%
Reptiles 495 73 46%
Amphibians 207 79 57%
Freshwater Fish 700 46 70%

35.  Generation of soils and maintenance of soil
quality
 Maintenance of air quality
 Maintenance of water quality
 Pest control
 Detoxification and decomposition of wastes
 Pollination and crop production
 Climate stabilization
 Prevention and mitigation of natural disasters
 Provision of food security

36. So…..please conserve the
Nature….

37. CONCLUSION
Biodiversity is our life. If the Biodiversity got lost at
this rate then in near future, the survival of human
being will be threatened. So, it is our moral duty to
conserve Biodiversity as well our Environment. Long-
term maintenance of species and their management
requires co-operative efforts across entire landscapes.
Biodiversity should be dealt with at scale of habitats or
ecosystems rather than at species level.

38. REFERENCES
 Roy Sovan, Environmental Science, Publishing Syndicate , 2003,
Kolkata.
 Dara.S.S., Environmental chemistry and Pollution Control, S.chand
& company Ltd., New Delhi
 Schulze Ernst- Detlef, Mooney Harold, Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Function, Springer- Verlag, London
 Mohapatra Pradipta Kumar, Textbook of Environmental
Biotechnology, I.K. International pub. House pvt.
Ltd.,2006, New Delhi
 Khan. T. I. Global Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation,
Pointer Publishers, 2001, Jaipur
 www.eolss.net
 www.ibc2010.com

40. MYSORE