Algae-based biofuels company that provides equipment and services for algae production and processing. They aim to become the premier algae solutions provider in Florida through projects like utilizing farmland for algae-to-biodiesel production. Algae oil has potential as a sustainable feedstock due to its high yields per acre and ability to grow anywhere. The company explores using algae for wastewater treatment and CO2 sequestration in addition to biofuel production.
Bio-fuel are the fuel of biological origin these constitute renewable from of energy.Energy crisis
Based on the current consumption of about 11.6 million tons of crude oil per day, it is expected that the entire resources can only suffice for a rather short time period.
Global warming and global climate changes
The use of oil can cause the risks of the rise of greenhouse effect, which can result in all kinds of disasters to our planet Earth and its inhabitants
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
Bio-fuel are the fuel of biological origin these constitute renewable from of energy.Energy crisis
Based on the current consumption of about 11.6 million tons of crude oil per day, it is expected that the entire resources can only suffice for a rather short time period.
Global warming and global climate changes
The use of oil can cause the risks of the rise of greenhouse effect, which can result in all kinds of disasters to our planet Earth and its inhabitants
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. It can also be harvested every 10 days thus making its oil yield per acre 200 times higher than corn and 40 times higher than sunflowers. The problem is that harvesting and extracting the algae requires large amounts of labor and energy (drying) and the algae may damage surrounding eco-systems. Thus new and better processes along with large scale production are needed to solve these problems. These slides discuss the various approaches (open pond, photo-bioreactor, fermentation), their advantages and disadvantages, their existing and future costs, and other improvements that are driving steadily falling costs. In the short term, algae will continue to be used in niche applications such as cosmetics, food, and fertilizers. In the long run, as the cost reductions continue, algae might become a major source of fuel for transportation and other applications.
A variety of fuels can be made from biomassi resources including the liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels research and development is composed of three main areas: producing the fuels, applications and uses of the fuels, and distribution infrastructure.
Biofuels are primarily used to fuel vehicles, but can also fuel engines or fuel cells for electricity generation. For information about the use of biofuels in vehicles, see the Alternative Fuel Vehicle page under Vehicles. See the Vehicles page for information about the biofuels distribution infrastructure. See the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells page for more information about hydrogen as a fuel.
Micro organisms or plantlike biological organisms that use sunlight to photosynthesize and transform the carbon dioxide into energy in a very efficient manner. Algae produce oil as a part of photosynthesis
Algae.Tec is an advanced biofuels company focused on commercializing technology that produces algae to manufacture sustainable fuels such as bio diesel and green jet fuel.
this presentation explains about algal fuel and its future prospects. a case study has also been included that has indicated potential of india in producing algal fuel.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. It can also be harvested every 10 days thus making its oil yield per acre 200 times higher than corn and 40 times higher than sunflowers. The problem is that harvesting and extracting the algae requires large amounts of labor and energy (drying) and the algae may damage surrounding eco-systems. Thus new and better processes along with large scale production are needed to solve these problems. These slides discuss the various approaches (open pond, photo-bioreactor, fermentation), their advantages and disadvantages, their existing and future costs, and other improvements that are driving steadily falling costs. In the short term, algae will continue to be used in niche applications such as cosmetics, food, and fertilizers. In the long run, as the cost reductions continue, algae might become a major source of fuel for transportation and other applications.
A variety of fuels can be made from biomassi resources including the liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels research and development is composed of three main areas: producing the fuels, applications and uses of the fuels, and distribution infrastructure.
Biofuels are primarily used to fuel vehicles, but can also fuel engines or fuel cells for electricity generation. For information about the use of biofuels in vehicles, see the Alternative Fuel Vehicle page under Vehicles. See the Vehicles page for information about the biofuels distribution infrastructure. See the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells page for more information about hydrogen as a fuel.
Micro organisms or plantlike biological organisms that use sunlight to photosynthesize and transform the carbon dioxide into energy in a very efficient manner. Algae produce oil as a part of photosynthesis
Algae.Tec is an advanced biofuels company focused on commercializing technology that produces algae to manufacture sustainable fuels such as bio diesel and green jet fuel.
this presentation explains about algal fuel and its future prospects. a case study has also been included that has indicated potential of india in producing algal fuel.
Biodiesel is one of the most important biofuels today. It is produced by the process called trans-esterfication. Biodiesel is a green energy that decrease the pollutants to air.
Pongamia Pinnata is the scientific name of Karanja. It is a medium sized tree that is plentily found alloverOdisha. There are a lot of research is going on regarding production of Biodiesel from Karanja oil but the main objective of the paper is the production and implementation of Glycerol from Karanja oil. Alcohol glycerol, a clear, colorless, viscous, sweet-tasting liquid belonging to the family of organic compounds; molecular formula HOCH2CHOHCH2OH. In this experiment we have produced Biodiesel as well as Glycerol as a byproduct but we have focused mainly on the formation of the Glycerol and its application. So in a different view point,if the production of value added glycerol can be increased within the same cost of biodiesel production, overall cost of biodiesel can be reduced to an optimum level. The effective utilization of crude glycerol will contribute to the viability of biodiesel. In this experiment, we have taken non edible Karanja oil for preparation of Glycerol by transesterification of crude oil with methanol in presence of NaOH/KOH as catalyst and yielded of approximately 11% (w/w) glycerol.
Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly fuel as compared to petroleum-derived diesel. This work aims to evaluate how much we are compromising with environment, society and investment returns by biodiesel production. Biodiesel is a long-chain alkyl ester, produced by the Chemical reaction of oil/fat with alcohol. The industrial production of biodiesel has various roots. The current study proposes to perform Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on base-catalysed production method. The study has three steps 1) performing LCA on base catalysed production system. The LCA is performed using three pillars of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental prospects 2) analyze the results of LCA and assess the most sensitive components in the production 3) resource optimization: In this step, those critical components would be optimized to get the best utilization of resources. Concerning the economical LCA, this would be the best and attainable ways to lower the biodiesel production cost, concerning the social aspects, it would be the ways through which human health could be made less effective while producing biodiesel and concerning the environment, it would be the ways through which environmental impacts of biodiesel production could be minimized. The resource optimization study on those susceptible components would also yield how much possibly cost could be minimized, adverse social and environmental impacts could be reduced. These three steps would also be studied for petroleum-derived diesel and the results comparison would yield which fuel is really an environmentally friendly fuel, based on life cycle study rather than merely its combustion properties.
if the developed process is scaled up to commercial levels then excellent business opportunity will be offered by the bio-fuel obtained from waste oil. It could be a major step towards the creation of an Eco-friendly transportation fuel. The property of bio-fuel depends on the nature of the vegetable oil to be used for the preparation and if the developed process is scaled up to commercial levels then excellent business opportunity will be offered by the bio-fuel obtained from waste oil. It could be a major step towards the creation of an eco-friendly transportation fuel that is relatively clean on combustion and provides farmers with substantial income along with reducing considerable amount of domestic waste.
Algae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First Timer70CentsaGallon
The interest in algae farming also includes implementing Carbon Capture, Biofuel Production, Power Generation, and other industrial flue gasses for use in Photo bioreactors for algae cultivation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. Who we are Bio Diesel Manufacturing Equipment Algae Production Systems Feed stocks “Force for Earth” Fuel and Engine Conditioner Project Managers
4. What we’re doing Be premier solution provider of Bio Diesel and Algae Processing Equipment in Florida
5. Projects Fuel to Farms Initiatives USDA/FL Bio Fuels Association Utilizing Farm land for Algae to Bio Diesel Production in FL Algae to Jet Fuel DARPA
8. Algae Biofuel Begining Algae was responsible for creating the Earth's oxygen atmosphere three billion years ago and it took around two billion years to form the modern atmosphere with 20 percent oxygen. Without algae some argue that we would not be here.
14. Vegetable Oils & Fats (the Feedstock of the Biodiesel Industry) Oils or Fats Soybean Oil (major market share) Corn Oil Canola Oil Cottonseed Oil Sunflower Oil Beef tallow Pork lard Used cooking oils Palm Oil Algae Oil Each biodiesel feedstock varies by its free fatty acid content and the different proportions of fatty acids found in each feedstock influence some biodiesel fuel properties degree of saturation Cold flow properties Cetane number
15. The Problem in the Feedstock-to-Fuel equation It’s The Cost of The Feedstock Currently the cost of Soy Bean Oil is $4.30 to $4.50 per gallon Diesel Fuel is selling at the pump for over $2.20 per gallon The Biodiesel manufacturer must have Approx $.50 /per gallon differential in order to break even Here’s the equation: 4.50/gal cost of feedstock (Soy Bean Oil) 5.00/gal cost for Finished biodiesel (4.50 + .50) from the producer 4.00/gal current selling price at the pump 1.00/galOverall Loss (nothing for the producer or distributor) The problem only gets worse as the price of diesel at the pump goes down
16. So What’s the Answer? Find a New Feedstock other than Soy, Camelina or Palm Oil The Desired Characteristics: Easy to grow Grow anywhere High yield per acre Not used for Human or Animal Consumption Environmentally friendly Algae Oil seems to hold the most promise to meet this need
17. Algae Oil yield Compared to other Feedstocks Comparative Yields Soy Bean 50-65 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Camelina 150-400 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Palm 400-700 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Algae 2,000 to 20,000+ ?? Gallons Per Acre Per Year(The wide variations in estimated Oil production rates per acre per year are addressed further on in this presentation) Additional Algae Oil Benefits: Can be Grown anywhere Non-polluting Zero Sulfur Releases Oxygen (can be captured and sold) Eats CO2 (a potentially valuable GHG offset) After the Oil is extracted the remaining presscake (BioMass) is a highly valuable product
18. The Feedstock-to-Fuel equation using Algae Oil Using a projection for the selling price of Algae Oil to the Biofuel producers of approximately $3.00 per gallon the comparison is as follows: Given the same parameters for Algae Oil as with Soy Bean Oil, Here’s the equation: 3.00/gal cost of feedstock (Algae Oil) 3.50/gal cost for Finished biodiesel (3.00 + .50) 4.00/gal current selling price at the pump .50/gal Total Profit This allows a shared profit for both the producer and the distributor
19. How Does Algae Produce Oil? This is not Rocket Science (here’s the layman's explanation) Algae is a single cell organism Algae feeds on the Hydrogen from the H2O and the Carbon from the CO2 and through the process of photosynthesis produces Hydrocarbon Chains and releases Oxygen Most strains of the Green and Green-Blue Algae can double their mass every 24hour growing cycle Different strains of Algae produce Algae Oil with slightly different hydrocarbon chains
20.
21. How Is Algae Grown? There are 3 methodologies that are currently being used to grow Algae – with a wide number of variations! First there are Open Ponds:
22. How Is Algae Grown? Second there are vertical systems such as Vertigrow’s Hanging Bags:
23. Why Do Production Numbers Vary So Much? Factors Effecting Production Rate Estimates The Algae Strain being used Injection of CO2 to maximize growth by maintaining optimum CO2 concentration Application of all available sunlight Cycling of light and dark periods Glucose injection during dark periods to continue growth WITHOUT sunlight UV Rays filtration Oxygen removal to prevent oxygen poisoning of the top layer Monitoring of the depth of the algae culture to insure proper harvesting Proper circulation Maintaining the optimum temperature for growth Stressing the algae prior to harvesting
24. The Potential If a land area the size of 16 thousand square miles (half the area of the State of Indiana) were turned to algae production and that algae oil used to produce fuels, there is the potential to eliminate the need for 60% of the transportation fuel production coming out of US refineries By contrast, it would take approximately 2 million square miles (7 times the area of the State of Texas) to accomplish the same result using Soy bean Oil.
25. What do you know about Algae? Do you know which systems have been tried and have failed or have succeeded?
33. Extracting the Lipids There are three well-known methods to extract the oil from oilseeds, and these methods should apply equally well for algae too: 1. Expeller/Press2. Hexane solvent oil extraction3. Supercritical Fluid extraction Expeller/Press Expression/Expeller press-When algae is dried it retains its oil content, which then can be "pressed" out with an oil press. Many commercial manufacturers of vegetable oil use a combination of mechanical pressing and Chemical Solvents in extracting oil. While more efficient processes are emerging, a simple process is to use a press to extract a large percentage (70-75%) of the oils out of algae. Hexane Solvent Method Algal oil can be extracted using chemicals. Benzene and ether have been used, but a popular chemical for solvent extraction is hexane, which is relatively inexpensive. The downside to using solvents for oil extraction are the inherent dangers involved in working with the chemicals. Benzene is classified as a carcinogen. Chemical solvents also present the problem of being an explosion hazard. Hexane solvent extraction can be used in isolation or it can be used along with the oil press/expeller method. After the oil has been extracted using an expeller, the remaining pulp can be mixed with cyclo-hexane to extract the remaining oil content. The oil dissolves in the cyclohexane, and the pulp is filtered out from the solution. The oil and cyclohexane are separated by means of distillation. These two stages (cold press & hexane solvent) together will be able to derived more than 95% of the total oil present in the algae.
34. Supercritical Fluid Extraction This can extract almost 100% of the oils all by itself. This method however needs special equipment for containment and pressure In the supercritical fluid/CO2 extraction, CO2 is liquefied under pressure and heated to the point that it has the properties of both a liquid and gas. This liquefied fluid then acts as the solvent in extracting the oil. References for Supercritical fluid extraction – see here, here Other Less Well-known Extraction Methods Enzymatic extraction - Enzymatic extraction uses enzymes to degrade the cell walls with water acting as the solvent, this makes fractionation of the oil much easier. The costs of this extraction process are estimated to be much greater than hexane extraction. Osmotic shock - Osmotic Shock is a sudden reduction in osmotic pressure, this can cause cells in a solution to rupture. Osmotic shock is sometimes used to release cellular components, such as oil. Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction - Ultrasonic extraction can greatly accelerate extraction processes. Using an ultrasonic reactor, ultrasonic waves are used to create cavitation bubbles in a solvent material, when these bubbles collapse near the cell walls, it creates shock waves and liquid jets that cause those cells walls to break and release their contents into the solvent. Steam Extraction – Using high pressure heat and steam to extract oil is said to also be an efficient and clean method to extract oils.
35. Fuels Derived From Algae Fuels The vegoil algae product can then be harvested and converted into biodiesel; the algae’s carbohydrate content can be fermented into bioethanol and biobutanol. [edit] Biodiesel Currently most research into efficient algal-oil production is being done in the private sector, but predictions from small scale production experiments bear out that using algae to produce biodiesel may be the only viable method by which to produce enough automotive fuel to replace current world diesel usage. Microalgae have much faster growth-rates than terrestrial crops. The per unit area yield of oil from algae is estimated to be from between 2,000 to 20,000 gallons per acre, per year(4.6 to 18.4 l/m2 per year); this is 7 to 30 times greater than the next best crop, Chinese tallow (699 gallons).
36. Studies show that algae can produce up to 60% of their biomass in the form of oil. Because the cells grow in aqueous suspension where they have more efficient access to water, CO2 and dissolved nutrients, microalgae are capable of producing large amounts of biomass and usable oil in either high rate algal ponds or photobioreactors. This oil can then be turned into biodiesel which could be sold for use in automobiles. The more efficient this process becomes the larger the profit that is turned by the company. Regional production of microalgae and processing into biofuels will provide economic benefits to rural communities.[18] [edit] Biobutanol Main article: Butanol fuel Butanol can be made from algae or diatoms using only a solar powered biorefinery. This fuel has an energy density similar to gasoline, and greater than that of either ethanol or methanol. In most gasoline engines, butanol can be used in place of gasoline with no modifications. In several tests, butanol consumption is similar to that of gasoline, and when blended with gasoline, provides better performance and corrosion resistance than that of ethanol or E85[19]. The green waste left over from the algae oil extraction can be used to produce butanol. [edit] Biogasoline Jet Fuel is being made from algae oil currently. “Flare Test”-Establish that fuel combusts, not explodes. “Can Combustor Test”-Fuel is compatible with basic jet technology.
40. Algae in Wastewater Treatment The algae system is not a substitute for a wastewater treatment plant. Rather, it replaces the typical equipment used in the biological process of a conventional plant. Because algae is only one component of the system, the conventional treatment process is not turned on its head. The following diagram illustrates the wastewater process flow in an algae system versus a conventional plant. Algae can be used in new construction or added to an existing plant to increase its capacity, efficiency, and environmental friendliness. The algae system provides conventional biological wastewater treatment as well as advanced nutrient removal utilizing algae. The algae also serve to supply the oxygen required by the bacteria and likewise the bacteria supply the carbon dioxide required by the algae. Thus, an ecological balance is established in the algae system making it very stable and resistant to the fluctuations normally experienced with wastewater treatment systems. In addition to ecological balance, another significant advantage of the algae
42. Algae remove massive amounts of CO2 (Carbon dioxide) from the air. Algae farms are glutton eaters of CO2 gas providing a means for recycling waste carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion. It is possible to sequester as much as one billion tons of CO2 per year from algae farms. The United States has one energy plant that produces 25.3 millions tons of CO2 by itself. This new technology has attracted companies that need inexpensive CO2 sequestration solutions.