1. The document summarizes the structure and organization of cells, both animal and plant. It describes the 11 main components of the typical animal cell and their functions.
2. It then explains that cells in multicellular organisms are organized into tissues, organs and systems. The four main tissue types in animals - epithelial, muscle, nerve and connective tissues - are outlined.
3. Plant cell structure is also briefly covered, focusing on cells, tissues and organelles unique to plant cells like chloroplasts and cell walls.
The document discusses the key components and organelles of the cell. It begins by defining the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It then describes some of the major discoveries in cell biology, including Hooke's discovery of cells in 1665. The main components of the cell are then outlined, including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and various organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and their functions. The key differences between plant and animal cells are also summarized.
The document discusses the different levels of organization in the human body, from atoms to organisms. It begins by defining the levels as: atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism. Examples are provided at each level. The major human organ systems are then described in more detail, including their main tissues and organs and primary functions. These are the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Finally, students are assigned an activity to create posters on two organ systems showing their major tissues/organs and primary functions.
The document discusses the four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. It provides details on the various subtypes of epithelial tissues, including simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, and stratified epithelial tissues. It also describes the different types of connective tissues, which are found throughout the body, including areolar, reticular, adipose, dense regular, and dense irregular connective tissues. The document outlines the characteristics, structures, locations and functions of each tissue subtype.
This document summarizes cell organization and tissue types in both human and plant systems. It discusses the four main types of human tissues - epithelial, muscle, nerve and connective tissue - and provides examples of each. It also summarizes plant cell organization, describing the meristematic and permanent tissues as well as specific tissue types. The document concludes by discussing homeostasis and how various body systems work together to maintain optimal internal environment conditions.
1) Anton Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in the late 1600s, allowing the first observations of cells. Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" after observing cork cells.
2) In 1838-1839, Schleiden and Schwann proposed the first two principles of cell theory: all organisms are composed of cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. Rudolf Virchow later added that cells only arise from preexisting cells.
3) Cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and sometimes organelles like the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
The document discusses the basic structures and functions of cells. It describes the different types of microscopes used to view cells, including light microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, and transmission electron microscopes. It then outlines the cell theory and defines cells as the basic units of life. The two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic - are introduced, with eukaryotic cells having membrane-bound organelles. Key cellular structures like the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and others are then defined along with their basic functions.
This document summarizes the organization of life from cells to organisms. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life, and can exist singly as in unicellular organisms or together in multicellular organisms. In complex organisms, cells combine to form tissues like muscle and epithelial tissues. Tissues then combine to form organs such as the heart and liver. Organs work together in organ systems, such as the circulatory or respiratory systems, and all the systems function as a whole to form a complex multicellular organism.
The document discusses the structure and function of eukaryotic cells. It describes that cells contain organelles, including a nucleus that holds the genome, and membrane-bound structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. The processes of transcription and translation are summarized, where DNA in the nucleus is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated by ribosomes into proteins. The stages of the cell cycle, including interphase and mitosis, are also outlined.
The document discusses the key components and organelles of the cell. It begins by defining the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It then describes some of the major discoveries in cell biology, including Hooke's discovery of cells in 1665. The main components of the cell are then outlined, including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and various organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and their functions. The key differences between plant and animal cells are also summarized.
The document discusses the different levels of organization in the human body, from atoms to organisms. It begins by defining the levels as: atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism. Examples are provided at each level. The major human organ systems are then described in more detail, including their main tissues and organs and primary functions. These are the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Finally, students are assigned an activity to create posters on two organ systems showing their major tissues/organs and primary functions.
The document discusses the four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. It provides details on the various subtypes of epithelial tissues, including simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, and stratified epithelial tissues. It also describes the different types of connective tissues, which are found throughout the body, including areolar, reticular, adipose, dense regular, and dense irregular connective tissues. The document outlines the characteristics, structures, locations and functions of each tissue subtype.
This document summarizes cell organization and tissue types in both human and plant systems. It discusses the four main types of human tissues - epithelial, muscle, nerve and connective tissue - and provides examples of each. It also summarizes plant cell organization, describing the meristematic and permanent tissues as well as specific tissue types. The document concludes by discussing homeostasis and how various body systems work together to maintain optimal internal environment conditions.
1) Anton Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in the late 1600s, allowing the first observations of cells. Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" after observing cork cells.
2) In 1838-1839, Schleiden and Schwann proposed the first two principles of cell theory: all organisms are composed of cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. Rudolf Virchow later added that cells only arise from preexisting cells.
3) Cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and sometimes organelles like the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
The document discusses the basic structures and functions of cells. It describes the different types of microscopes used to view cells, including light microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, and transmission electron microscopes. It then outlines the cell theory and defines cells as the basic units of life. The two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic - are introduced, with eukaryotic cells having membrane-bound organelles. Key cellular structures like the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and others are then defined along with their basic functions.
This document summarizes the organization of life from cells to organisms. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life, and can exist singly as in unicellular organisms or together in multicellular organisms. In complex organisms, cells combine to form tissues like muscle and epithelial tissues. Tissues then combine to form organs such as the heart and liver. Organs work together in organ systems, such as the circulatory or respiratory systems, and all the systems function as a whole to form a complex multicellular organism.
The document discusses the structure and function of eukaryotic cells. It describes that cells contain organelles, including a nucleus that holds the genome, and membrane-bound structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. The processes of transcription and translation are summarized, where DNA in the nucleus is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated by ribosomes into proteins. The stages of the cell cycle, including interphase and mitosis, are also outlined.
The document summarizes the structure and function of eukaryotic cells and their organelles. It discusses that cells have three main jobs: 1) make energy through cellular respiration and photosynthesis using mitochondria and chloroplasts, 2) make proteins using instructions from DNA and structures like the nucleus, ribosomes, ER and Golgi apparatus, and 3) make more cells through DNA replication and cell division aided by the nucleus and centrioles. The organelles each have specialized structures and functions that allow the cell to carry out these essential life processes.
The document outlines the key organelles found within plant and animal cells and their functions. It describes the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and lysosomes. The nucleus controls most cell activities and contains DNA. The mitochondria produce energy for the cell and are abundant in muscle cells. Plant cells contain organelles like chloroplasts and vacuoles not found in animal cells.
The document defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It describes the main components of a human cell including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. The nucleus contains DNA and acts as the control center. Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP. The endoplasmic reticulum transports substances within the cell and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. The Golgi apparatus packages and transports proteins. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. Lysosomes digest and destroy foreign materials. The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and facilitates movement.
The document describes the main components of plant and animal cells. It explains that the nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material in the form of chromosomes. The cytoplasm contains organelles like mitochondria, which produce energy for the cell, and ribosomes, which help make proteins. Plant cells also contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a cell wall for structure and support. Vacuoles act as storage areas, and a cell membrane surrounds and protects the cell.
Here are the answers to the questions:
- Golgi apparatus serves as a primary packaging area for molecules that will be distributed throughout the cell.
- Ribosomes
- Spindle fibers
- Nerve cells
- Lysosomes
- Cell
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Biomedical eng human physiology, introduction to human body NurulNadzira1
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BODY
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE BODY
Classification of Biology
Biology is a study of living things and the functions. Biology divided into a few category: anatomy, genetics, ecology, and physiology.
Within physiology part, there are cellular physiology, system physiology, and organism physiology. All of the areas are related and conected to each other in organized and maintain a stable community.
Physiology vs. Anatomy
Physiology
The study of the functions of living things. It is specifically focuses on the mechanism of action.
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the body and relation between body parts, is closely related to physiology.
SYSTEMS OF HUMAN BODY
The systems are organized or formed of organs, tissues, cellular, and chemicals.
The Chemical Level
Human body is a combination of specific atoms. Most common atoms in the body, approximately 96% of the total body chemistry are oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N).
These common atoms combine with a few atoms to form molecules, such as protein, carbohydrates, fats, and nuclei acids.
Since all matter is made up of atoms, atoms must be held together and combine to form the matter.
The Cellular Level
The cell is the smallest fundamental unit of both structure and function in a living being.
3 major subdivisions :
Plasma membrane - which encloses the cells.
Nucleus - which contains the cells genetic.
Cytoplasm - the portion of the cell interior.
This figure shows a diagram of cell structure visible under an electron microscope. The plasma membrane the thin layer that encloses each cell. It is composed mostly of lipid and protein, that works to separate the cell content from surroundings; it keeps the intracellular fluid (ICF) within the cells from mingling with the extracellular fluid (ECF) outside the cells.
The nucleus is the largest single organized cell component, usually located near the center of cell. The nucleus contains the cell genetic, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which functionally to directing protein synthesis and serving a genetic during replication to ensure that the cell produces additional cells just like itself. For example, in the reproductive cells (eggs and sperm), the DNA passes on genetic characteristics to future generations.
The Tissue Level
Cells of similar structure and specialized function combine to form tissues of which there are four primary types: muscle, nervous, epithelial, and connective.
Muscle tissues are specialized for contracting to produces movement. The three types of
muscle tissues include skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
Biol ogy ch 2(cells-the building blocks of life)raihan mahmmud
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. They contain organelles that perform specialized functions to keep the cell alive. There are two main types of cells - unicellular organisms that consist of a single cell like amoebas, and multicellular organisms made of many cells like humans. The structures within plant and animal cells include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. The nucleus is the control center that contains DNA and directs cell activities. [END SUMMARY]
cell organelles, nucleus, mitochondria, plasma memebrane,ribosomes, golgi bodies, lysosomes, chloroplast
(helpfull for B.Sc. students as well as competitions tests
Cells are the basis of life—the basic structural unit of living things. Molecules such as water and amino acids are not alive but cells are! All life is comprised of cells of one type or another.
One of the hallmarks of living systems is the ability to maintain homeostasis, or a relatively constant internal state. The cell is the first level of complexity able to maintain homeostasis, and it is the unique structure of the cell that enables this critical function.
In this section of the course, you will learn about the cell and all the parts that make it functional. You will also focus on the cell membrane, which is the structure that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It is a critical component because it controls what can enter and exit the cell. This section will also describe how cells reproduce to maintain homeostasis.Cells are the basis of life—the basic structural unit of living things. Molecules such as water and amino acids are not alive but cells are! All life is comprised of cells of one type or another.
One of the hallmarks of living systems is the ability to maintain homeostasis, or a relatively constant internal state. The cell is the first level of complexity able to maintain homeostasis, and it is the unique structure of the cell that enables this critical function.
In this section of the course, you will learn about the cell and all the parts that make it functional. You will also focus on the cell membrane, which is the structure that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It is a critical component because it controls what can enter and exit the cell. This section will also describe how cells reproduce to maintain homeostasis.
The three main components of plant and animal cells are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The plasma membrane separates the cell from its environment and is selectively permeable. The cytoplasm contains organelles and dissolved substances. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and controls cell functions. Both plant and animal cells contain organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and mitochondria which transport materials, produce proteins, package proteins, break down waste, and produce energy. Animal cells also contain cilia and flagella for movement. Plant cells uniquely contain a cell wall, plastids like chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a central vacuole.
Multicellular organisms like humans are made of cells that differentiate and organize into different levels. Individual cells specialize and combine to form tissues. Tissues work together to form organs, and organs systems are groups of organs that perform major functions. This allows multicellular organisms to be larger, live longer through cell specialization, and continue living even if individual cells die.
This document provides an overview of cells and cell organelles. It discusses that cells are the basic unit of life and make up tissues, organs and bodies. The main organelles such as the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are introduced along with their functions. It also summarizes that cells must generate energy, build proteins, transport materials and replicate to carry out the functions of life.
Living things have several levels of structural organization, from lowest to highest:
1) The chemical level includes atoms and molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for life.
2) At the cellular level, molecules combine to form cells, the basic units of life.
3) Cells combine to form tissues like muscle and nerve tissues.
4) Tissues combine to form organs like the heart, lungs, and brain.
5) Organs work together in organ systems like the circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems.
6) All the organ systems function together as a whole organism.
The document provides a timeline of the development of the Cell Theory from the late 1500s to 1855. It outlines key discoveries and conclusions that contributed to the modern Cell Theory, which states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also describes and compares the structures and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The document summarizes key aspects of cell structure and function. It describes cells as the smallest functional units of the body that are grouped together to form tissues and organs. The main parts of the cell are then outlined, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytosol, and various organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Each organelle's structure and specific functions are briefly explained.
This document provides an overview of biology topics related to cells and organ systems. It begins with an introduction to life processes in living things such as movement, respiration, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, reproduction and growth. It then covers animal and plant cell structures, including their similarities and differences. Key cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and cell membrane are defined. The document also discusses cell specialization into different tissue and organ types in both animals and plants. Finally, it provides an overview of the major organ systems in animals and plants that work together to keep organisms functioning.
The cell is the basic unit of life. Animal cells lack cell walls and contain organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and ribosomes surrounded by a plasma membrane. The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities. Mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies process and transport proteins. Ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA. Together, these organelles allow animal cells to carry out specialized functions and maintain homeostasis.
Modul biologi perfect score 2017 form 4 (jawapan)hafizah manap
P1: The document contains an answer scheme and summaries for various biology topics and chapters.
P2: It provides the objectives, structure, and essays for topics including cells, tissues, organs, transport mechanisms, and osmosis.
P3: The summaries are concise and highlight the key points for each section in 1-3 sentences.
The document discusses the structure and organization of cells. It describes the basic components of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, and chloroplasts. It compares the key similarities and differences between plant and animal cells, and relates the density of certain organelles to the functions of specific cell types.
The document summarizes the structure and function of eukaryotic cells and their organelles. It discusses that cells have three main jobs: 1) make energy through cellular respiration and photosynthesis using mitochondria and chloroplasts, 2) make proteins using instructions from DNA and structures like the nucleus, ribosomes, ER and Golgi apparatus, and 3) make more cells through DNA replication and cell division aided by the nucleus and centrioles. The organelles each have specialized structures and functions that allow the cell to carry out these essential life processes.
The document outlines the key organelles found within plant and animal cells and their functions. It describes the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and lysosomes. The nucleus controls most cell activities and contains DNA. The mitochondria produce energy for the cell and are abundant in muscle cells. Plant cells contain organelles like chloroplasts and vacuoles not found in animal cells.
The document defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It describes the main components of a human cell including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. The nucleus contains DNA and acts as the control center. Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP. The endoplasmic reticulum transports substances within the cell and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. The Golgi apparatus packages and transports proteins. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. Lysosomes digest and destroy foreign materials. The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and facilitates movement.
The document describes the main components of plant and animal cells. It explains that the nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material in the form of chromosomes. The cytoplasm contains organelles like mitochondria, which produce energy for the cell, and ribosomes, which help make proteins. Plant cells also contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a cell wall for structure and support. Vacuoles act as storage areas, and a cell membrane surrounds and protects the cell.
Here are the answers to the questions:
- Golgi apparatus serves as a primary packaging area for molecules that will be distributed throughout the cell.
- Ribosomes
- Spindle fibers
- Nerve cells
- Lysosomes
- Cell
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Biomedical eng human physiology, introduction to human body NurulNadzira1
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BODY
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE BODY
Classification of Biology
Biology is a study of living things and the functions. Biology divided into a few category: anatomy, genetics, ecology, and physiology.
Within physiology part, there are cellular physiology, system physiology, and organism physiology. All of the areas are related and conected to each other in organized and maintain a stable community.
Physiology vs. Anatomy
Physiology
The study of the functions of living things. It is specifically focuses on the mechanism of action.
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the body and relation between body parts, is closely related to physiology.
SYSTEMS OF HUMAN BODY
The systems are organized or formed of organs, tissues, cellular, and chemicals.
The Chemical Level
Human body is a combination of specific atoms. Most common atoms in the body, approximately 96% of the total body chemistry are oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N).
These common atoms combine with a few atoms to form molecules, such as protein, carbohydrates, fats, and nuclei acids.
Since all matter is made up of atoms, atoms must be held together and combine to form the matter.
The Cellular Level
The cell is the smallest fundamental unit of both structure and function in a living being.
3 major subdivisions :
Plasma membrane - which encloses the cells.
Nucleus - which contains the cells genetic.
Cytoplasm - the portion of the cell interior.
This figure shows a diagram of cell structure visible under an electron microscope. The plasma membrane the thin layer that encloses each cell. It is composed mostly of lipid and protein, that works to separate the cell content from surroundings; it keeps the intracellular fluid (ICF) within the cells from mingling with the extracellular fluid (ECF) outside the cells.
The nucleus is the largest single organized cell component, usually located near the center of cell. The nucleus contains the cell genetic, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which functionally to directing protein synthesis and serving a genetic during replication to ensure that the cell produces additional cells just like itself. For example, in the reproductive cells (eggs and sperm), the DNA passes on genetic characteristics to future generations.
The Tissue Level
Cells of similar structure and specialized function combine to form tissues of which there are four primary types: muscle, nervous, epithelial, and connective.
Muscle tissues are specialized for contracting to produces movement. The three types of
muscle tissues include skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
Biol ogy ch 2(cells-the building blocks of life)raihan mahmmud
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. They contain organelles that perform specialized functions to keep the cell alive. There are two main types of cells - unicellular organisms that consist of a single cell like amoebas, and multicellular organisms made of many cells like humans. The structures within plant and animal cells include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. The nucleus is the control center that contains DNA and directs cell activities. [END SUMMARY]
cell organelles, nucleus, mitochondria, plasma memebrane,ribosomes, golgi bodies, lysosomes, chloroplast
(helpfull for B.Sc. students as well as competitions tests
Cells are the basis of life—the basic structural unit of living things. Molecules such as water and amino acids are not alive but cells are! All life is comprised of cells of one type or another.
One of the hallmarks of living systems is the ability to maintain homeostasis, or a relatively constant internal state. The cell is the first level of complexity able to maintain homeostasis, and it is the unique structure of the cell that enables this critical function.
In this section of the course, you will learn about the cell and all the parts that make it functional. You will also focus on the cell membrane, which is the structure that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It is a critical component because it controls what can enter and exit the cell. This section will also describe how cells reproduce to maintain homeostasis.Cells are the basis of life—the basic structural unit of living things. Molecules such as water and amino acids are not alive but cells are! All life is comprised of cells of one type or another.
One of the hallmarks of living systems is the ability to maintain homeostasis, or a relatively constant internal state. The cell is the first level of complexity able to maintain homeostasis, and it is the unique structure of the cell that enables this critical function.
In this section of the course, you will learn about the cell and all the parts that make it functional. You will also focus on the cell membrane, which is the structure that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It is a critical component because it controls what can enter and exit the cell. This section will also describe how cells reproduce to maintain homeostasis.
The three main components of plant and animal cells are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The plasma membrane separates the cell from its environment and is selectively permeable. The cytoplasm contains organelles and dissolved substances. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and controls cell functions. Both plant and animal cells contain organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and mitochondria which transport materials, produce proteins, package proteins, break down waste, and produce energy. Animal cells also contain cilia and flagella for movement. Plant cells uniquely contain a cell wall, plastids like chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a central vacuole.
Multicellular organisms like humans are made of cells that differentiate and organize into different levels. Individual cells specialize and combine to form tissues. Tissues work together to form organs, and organs systems are groups of organs that perform major functions. This allows multicellular organisms to be larger, live longer through cell specialization, and continue living even if individual cells die.
This document provides an overview of cells and cell organelles. It discusses that cells are the basic unit of life and make up tissues, organs and bodies. The main organelles such as the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are introduced along with their functions. It also summarizes that cells must generate energy, build proteins, transport materials and replicate to carry out the functions of life.
Living things have several levels of structural organization, from lowest to highest:
1) The chemical level includes atoms and molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for life.
2) At the cellular level, molecules combine to form cells, the basic units of life.
3) Cells combine to form tissues like muscle and nerve tissues.
4) Tissues combine to form organs like the heart, lungs, and brain.
5) Organs work together in organ systems like the circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems.
6) All the organ systems function together as a whole organism.
The document provides a timeline of the development of the Cell Theory from the late 1500s to 1855. It outlines key discoveries and conclusions that contributed to the modern Cell Theory, which states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also describes and compares the structures and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The document summarizes key aspects of cell structure and function. It describes cells as the smallest functional units of the body that are grouped together to form tissues and organs. The main parts of the cell are then outlined, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytosol, and various organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Each organelle's structure and specific functions are briefly explained.
This document provides an overview of biology topics related to cells and organ systems. It begins with an introduction to life processes in living things such as movement, respiration, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, reproduction and growth. It then covers animal and plant cell structures, including their similarities and differences. Key cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and cell membrane are defined. The document also discusses cell specialization into different tissue and organ types in both animals and plants. Finally, it provides an overview of the major organ systems in animals and plants that work together to keep organisms functioning.
The cell is the basic unit of life. Animal cells lack cell walls and contain organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and ribosomes surrounded by a plasma membrane. The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities. Mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies process and transport proteins. Ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA. Together, these organelles allow animal cells to carry out specialized functions and maintain homeostasis.
Modul biologi perfect score 2017 form 4 (jawapan)hafizah manap
P1: The document contains an answer scheme and summaries for various biology topics and chapters.
P2: It provides the objectives, structure, and essays for topics including cells, tissues, organs, transport mechanisms, and osmosis.
P3: The summaries are concise and highlight the key points for each section in 1-3 sentences.
The document discusses the structure and organization of cells. It describes the basic components of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, and chloroplasts. It compares the key similarities and differences between plant and animal cells, and relates the density of certain organelles to the functions of specific cell types.
This document contains answers to objective and structured questions from a chapter on plant and animal cell structure. It includes:
- Multiple choice answers identifying organelle labels and functions
- Descriptions of the differences between plant and animal cells and the structures found in plant cells like the cell wall, chloroplasts and central vacuole
- A procedure for viewing plant cell structures under a microscope by examining onion skin cells
This document provides information on cell structure and organization. It discusses:
1. The history of cell discovery by Robert Hooke and the cell theory developed by Schleiden and Schwann.
2. The structures and functions of key cellular components in animal and plant cells, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cell wall.
3. The differences between animal and plant cells, such as plant cells having a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Active cells contain more mitochondria and green plant cells contain more chloroplasts.
This document discusses ecological concepts including ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, producers, consumers, decomposers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and energy flow through ecosystems. It explains that ecosystems are composed of biotic and abiotic factors interacting as a system. Producers harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis while consumers feed on other organisms and decomposers break down dead matter. Energy and nutrients flow through food chains and food webs with approximately 90% lost at each trophic level, limiting food chains to around 5 levels. This results in pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy to demonstrate energy losses between trophic levels in ecosystems.
This document provides information about cell structure and organization. It begins by defining organelles and listing the organelles found in animal and plant cells. It then describes the structure and function of several key organelles, including the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and vacuoles. It also discusses non-organelles like the plasma membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasm. The document concludes by contrasting the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells, and explaining how cellular organization allows unicellular and multicellular organisms to carry out basic life processes.
Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allows for division of labor, where different cell types perform specific functions. Through differentiation, cells acquire specialized structures to become tissues like muscle and nerve cells. Tissues combine to form organs like the heart and lungs, and organ systems work together to carry out body functions. This organization allows multicellular organisms to perform complex life processes more efficiently than single-celled organisms.
BIOLOGY FORM 4 CHAPTER 2 PART 2 - CELL ORGANIZATIONNirmala Josephine
Unicellular organisms like amoebas are able to perform all living processes through specialized structures within their single cell. An amoeba feeds through phagocytosis, moves using pseudopods, exchanges gases through diffusion, regulates water and maintains homeostasis using a contractile vacuole, and reproduces through binary fission. Multicellular organisms have many cell types that work together through specialization and organization into tissues, organs and systems to carry out complex life functions.
The document provides information about cell structure and organelles in animal and plant cells. It defines organelles as the living components of a cell and notes that plant cells have an outer cell wall boundary. The summary describes the key organelles found in both animal and plant cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, ribosomes, and centrioles. It also states the main functions of these cellular components.
This document provides information on unicellular and multicellular organisms. It discusses the key living processes of two unicellular organisms, Amoeba and Paramecium, including how they move, feed, respire, excrete, respond to stimuli, and reproduce. It then summarizes the importance of cell specialization in multicellular organisms like humans. Some examples of specialized human cells and tissues are described. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of organs and body systems.
1. The document defines cells and identifies the major parts of animal and plant cells including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.
2. It describes the functions of common cell organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, ribosomes, and vesicles.
3. The document notes organelles that are unique to animal cells like centrosomes and lysosomes, and unique to plant cells like chloroplasts, plastids, and central vacuoles.
ICSE Class X Biology Cell The Structural and Functional Unit of LifeAlok Singh
The cell is the structural and functional unit of the body. All living beings develop from pre-existing cells. Robert Hooke (1665) discovered the cell. He observed cork cells of a tree bark.
This document provides an overview of cellular structure and function. It begins with definitions of the cell and its components, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. It then discusses cellular transport mechanisms, both passive (diffusion, osmosis, filtration) and active. The functions of the cell are outlined, including structure, growth, transport, energy production and metabolism. Finally, it briefly describes the four main types of cell junctions - tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes and gap junctions.
The document summarizes cellular structures and functions. It describes some of the key organelles in plant and animal cells, including the nucleus that houses DNA, the endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes proteins and lipids, and mitochondria that generate energy. It also discusses differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as structures like the cell membrane, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cell walls.
The document discusses cellular structure and function. It covers the history of cell discovery from Leeuwenhoek to Virchow. It describes the key components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells including the cell membrane, nucleus, organelles, and differences between plant and animal cells. It also explains different types of cellular transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
This document discusses the basic unit of life - cells. It identifies the key organelles found in plant and animal cells, including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes and plastids. The functions of each organelle are described. For example, the chloroplast contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis, while the mitochondria supplies energy through cellular respiration. The key differences between plant and animal cells are also noted. Students are assigned to review the structure of each organelle and take a quiz to test their understanding.
11. Human Anatomy Lecture Notes author Rebecca Bailey.pdfNaderBoussoufi
This document provides an overview of the human integumentary system. It describes the layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) and their functions. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium with keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells. Its layers provide a protective barrier. The dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands. The hypodermis attaches the dermis and contains fat and connective tissue. Key functions of the integumentary system include temperature regulation, protection, sensation, excretion, acting as a blood reservoir, and vitamin D synthesis.
The plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus are the three major parts of the cell. The plasma membrane is a double layer that selectively permits movement of molecules in and out of the cell and protects the cell. The cytoplasm contains organelles and structures that carry out the cell's functions. The nucleus is the control center and contains the cell's genetic material.
The document summarizes the major organelles found in eukaryotic cells. It describes 10 organelles: the nucleus, which controls the cell and contains DNA; ribosomes, which synthesize proteins; the endoplasmic reticulum, which helps produce cell membranes; the Golgi apparatus, which modifies and packages molecules; lysosomes, which digest materials; vacuoles, which store water and nutrients in plant cells; mitochondria, which generate energy; chloroplasts, which capture sunlight for photosynthesis in plant cells; the cytoskeleton, made of microfilaments and microtubules that support the cell; and centrioles, which help with cell division. It concludes by contrasting typical characteristics of plant and animal cells
There are four main types of tissues in animals:
1. Connective tissue provides structure and binds other tissues together.
2. Muscle tissue allows for movement and maintains posture.
3. Nervous tissue receives and transmits signals throughout the body.
4. Epithelial tissue covers and protects external and internal surfaces of organs.
This document provides information on organelles found in eukaryotic cells. It discusses the structure and functions of 9 major organelles - Golgi complex, vesicles, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, vacuoles, centrioles, chloroplasts (in plant cells), and plastids (in plant cells). The Golgi complex packages and modifies proteins and lipids, vesicles transport materials within the cell, and lysosomes digest foreign particles and old cell components. Mitochondria generate energy for the cell, while chloroplasts and plastids are involved in photosynthesis and storage in plant cells. The document also compares key differences between plant and animal cells as well as prokaryotic and eukary
La celula: la teoría celular, estructura y función. La división celularJosué Moreno Marquina
Teoría celular, cell theory
Estructura celular: membrana, citoplasma y núcleo. Membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
Orgánulos celulares, organelles.
Mitosis y meiosis
This document provides an overview of cell structure and organization. It begins with objectives related to tracing the history of cell discovery, discussing the cell theory, and identifying organelles. It then defines the cell as the basic unit of life and discusses the key jobs of cells, including making energy through cellular respiration and mitochondria, and making proteins using structures like the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The document also differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and provides examples of organelles found in plant and animal cells.
This document provides information on cells and their organelles, tissues, and body cavities. It describes the structure and function of the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and centrioles. It also discusses mitosis, meiosis, the four main tissue types (epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous), and the three body cavities (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic).
The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. Human beings contain billions of cells arranged into over 200 types across four basic tissue groups. The document then describes the key components of cells including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like mitochondria and lysosomes, and inclusions. It provides detailed information on the structure and functions of the cell membrane and various organelles.
Unit 1 Humans and Animals Cells. 4TH OF ESOmirareche
Cells are the basic unit of all living things. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The cellular theory states that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. Eukaryotic cells have organelles that allow them to carry out specialized functions like mitochondria that produce energy and the nucleus that houses genetic material. The cell cycle and processes of mitosis and meiosis allow cells to replicate and produce new cells.
This document summarizes the key components and functions of cells. It describes that cells are the fundamental unit of life and consists of organelles like the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and centrioles (in animal cells). It provides details on the structures and roles of these various organelle in supporting cellular processes.
This document summarizes different types of tissues in the body. It discusses four major tissue groups: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers and linings. Connective tissue includes adipose, cartilage and bone tissue that connect and support other tissues. There are three types of muscle tissue - smooth, skeletal and cardiac - that allow movement. The document provides detailed descriptions of each tissue type including their structure, function and cellular composition.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
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Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
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Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data WarehouseFederico Razzoli
Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you.
A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services.
But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts.
We will discuss these topics:
- How to gather information about a business;
- Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities;
- Dimensions and facts;
- Setting a table granularity;
- Types of facts;
- Types of dimensions;
- Snowflakes and how to avoid them;
- Expanding existing dimensions and facts.