International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...ijsrd.com
Biodiesel is a fatty acid alkyl ester which is renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel which can be derived from any vegetable oil by transesterifiaction process. Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitution fuel and is making its place as a key future renewable energy source. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. Use of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high viscosity. The performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the Transesterification process. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder direct injection diesel engine using honge as fuel was evaluated for its performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The properties of honge thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. The produced honge biodiesel was tested for their use as a substitute fuel for diesel engine. Tests have been conducted at different varying load of biodiesel, at 60% throttle. The performance parameters elucidated includes brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, torque, also emission characteristics against varying Brake Power (BP) and combustion characteristics against crank angle.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...idescitation
In this research work, waste mustard biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as alternative
fuels for diesel engines were studied. An experimental investigation has been carried out to
evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste
mustard biodiesel-diesel blends (10%, 15% and 20%) and important fuel properties have
also been determined. The performance parameters analyzed include brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature whereas
exhaust emissions include unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides
of nitrogen (NO x). The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline
data of diesel fuel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance
parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The waste mustard biodiesel-diesel
fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine
performance and exhaust emissions were measured while the engine running at no, part and
full load condition. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing waste mustard oil blends
with diesel fuel. It concluded that B10 blend of waste mustard biodiesel act as best
alternative fuel among all tested fuel at full load condition. The objective of the present
research was to explore technical feasibility of waste mustard oil in direct injection C.I.
engine without any substantial modifications in the engine design..
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...ijsrd.com
Biodiesel is a fatty acid alkyl ester which is renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel which can be derived from any vegetable oil by transesterifiaction process. Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitution fuel and is making its place as a key future renewable energy source. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. Use of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high viscosity. The performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the Transesterification process. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder direct injection diesel engine using honge as fuel was evaluated for its performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The properties of honge thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. The produced honge biodiesel was tested for their use as a substitute fuel for diesel engine. Tests have been conducted at different varying load of biodiesel, at 60% throttle. The performance parameters elucidated includes brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, torque, also emission characteristics against varying Brake Power (BP) and combustion characteristics against crank angle.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...idescitation
In this research work, waste mustard biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as alternative
fuels for diesel engines were studied. An experimental investigation has been carried out to
evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste
mustard biodiesel-diesel blends (10%, 15% and 20%) and important fuel properties have
also been determined. The performance parameters analyzed include brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature whereas
exhaust emissions include unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides
of nitrogen (NO x). The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline
data of diesel fuel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance
parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The waste mustard biodiesel-diesel
fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine
performance and exhaust emissions were measured while the engine running at no, part and
full load condition. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing waste mustard oil blends
with diesel fuel. It concluded that B10 blend of waste mustard biodiesel act as best
alternative fuel among all tested fuel at full load condition. The objective of the present
research was to explore technical feasibility of waste mustard oil in direct injection C.I.
engine without any substantial modifications in the engine design..
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully
understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation.
Biodiesel was made by the well-known transesterification process. Waste cottonseed oil was selected for
biodiesel production. Three different blends of biodiesel were prepared i.e. B10, B20 and B30. These three
blends were fuelled in a compression ignition (C.I.) engine. A maximum of 77% biodiesel was produced
with 20% methanol in presence of 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Different parameters for the optimization of
biodiesel production were investigated in the first phase of this study, while in the next phase of the study
performance test of a diesel engine with neat diesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures are to be carried out. The
performance characteristics like brake power (B.P.), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake
thermal efficiency. This performance was then compared with that of petro diesel.
The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon
monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke
variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and
blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel
produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been
conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and
exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best
performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel
engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
The search for alternative fuels in last few decades is intensive due to the rapid
depletion of petroleum fuels and their ever increasing costs. There is a great need to
reduce the consumption of conventional fuels in both developed and developing countries.
The consumption and demand of the petroleum based fuels is increasing every year due
to the increased industrialization and innovation in the world. The aim of the present
experimental work is to evaluate the impact of various compression ratio using blends of
diesel fuel with 20% concentration of Methyl Ester of Jatropha biodiesel blended with bio
additive and the blends of diesel fuel with 20% concentration of methyl ester of mahua
biodiesel blended with bio additive as an alternate fuel. The experiment is carried out
with three different compression ratios in DI diesel engine. Biodiesel is extracted from
Jatropha oil and mahua oil, 20% (B20) concentration with 3ml bio additive is found to
be the best blend ratio from the earlier experimental study. 3ml of biodiesel B20MEOJBA
and 3ml of B20MEOMBA is tested with compression ratio of 17.5. The purpose of the
experimental study is to obtain better efficiency, minimum specific fuel consumption, and
lower smoke and lesser emission. This is done by increasing cetane number using
combustion additives of 3ml bio additive blends with biodiesel when compared with the
baseline diesel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...Madhurjya Saikia
Over the number of years, biodiesel is being produced from various feed stocks that are from vegetable oils or animal fats and it is well established that biodiesel up to 20% blending in fossil diesel does not require any engine modification for use. Due to high cost involvement and food security in current situation for using edible resources to produce biodiesel, researchers in India are shifting attention towards non edible resources such as Karanja seed oil, Mahua oil, Jatropha seed oil, Cotton seed oil, Mesua ferrea seed oil, Yellow oleander seed oil etc which are available in ample amount throughout the subcontinent. Extensive research has been performed on the application of biodiesel produced from these non edible resources as a fuel in diesel engines in place of petroleum diesel. This review paper discusses application of biodiesel produced from different non edible feed stocks for their application in engines as an alternative to fossil diesel in terms of engine and emission performance.
A Comparative Analysis of Compression Ignition Engine Characteristics Using P...Editor IJMTER
This paper investigate the scope of utilizing biodiesel with high bland (B20 & B40)
developed from the Methyle alcohol from pongamia oils as an alternative diesel fuel. The major
problem of using neat pongamia oil as a fuel in a compression ignition engine arises due to its very
high viscosity. Transesterification with alcohols reduces the viscosity of the oil and other properties
have been evaluated to be comparable with those of diesel. In the present project work, an
experimental investigation is carried out on performance and emission characteristics of preheated
higher blends of pongamia biodiesel with diesel. The higher blends of fuel is preheated at 60, 75, 90
and 110˚C temperature using waste exhaust gas heat in a shell and tube heat exchanger.
Transesterification process is used to produce biodiesel required for the project from raw pongamia
oil. Experiments were done using B20 and B40 biodiesel blends at different preheating temperature
and for different loading. A significant improvement in performance and emission characteristics of
preheated B40 blend was obtained. B40 blend preheated to 110˚C showed maximum 8.72% and
8.97% increase in brake thermal efficiency over diesel and B20 blend respectively at 75% load. Also
the highest reduction in UBHC emission and smoke opacity values are obtained as 79.41% and
80.6% respectively over diesel and 78.12% and 73.54% respectively over B20 blend for B40 blend
preheated to 110˚C at 75% load. Thus preheating of higher blends of diesel and biodiesel at higher
temperature improves the viscosity and other properties sharply and improves the performance and
emission.
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
The use of methyl esters of vegetable oil known as biodiesel are increasingly popular because of their low impact on environment, green alternate fuel and most interestingly it’s use in engines does not require major modification in the engine hardware. Use of biodiesel as sole fuel in conventional direct injection diesel engine results in combustion problems, hence it is proposed to use the biodiesel in low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines with its significance characteristics of higher operating temperature, maximum heat release, higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and ability to handle the lower calorific value (CV) fuel. In this work biodiesel from Neem kernel oil was used as sole fuel in LHR direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The low heat rejection engine was developed with uniform metal matrix composites (MMC) coating of cylinder head. The experimental investigation was carried out in a single cylinder water-cooled LHR direct injection diesel engine. In this investigation, the combustion, performance and emission analysis were carried out in a diesel and biodiesel fueled LHR engine under identical operating conditions. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of LHR engine with biodiesel is decreased marginally than LHR engine operated with diesel. Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emission levels are decreased but in contrast the Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) emission level was increased due to the higher peak temperature. In the final analysis, it was found that, the results are quite satisfactory.
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...ijsrd.com
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative source which provides advantage of pollution control. In the present work, experimentation is carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Rice-Bran biodiesel and diesel. In this experiment a multi cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer, TATA Indica V2 diesel engine is used at variable speed condition. Crude oil is converted into biodiesel and characterization has been done. The experiment is conducted at variable speed condition. The engine performance parameters studied were brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, CO2, UBHC, mean gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature and smoke opacity. The combustion characteristics studied are cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and rate of pressure rise. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the corresponding results of the diesel. From the graph it has been observed that, there is a reduction in performance, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics compared to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity, lower mean gas temperature and delayed combustion process. The present experimental results show that Rice-Bran biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully
understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation.
Biodiesel was made by the well-known transesterification process. Waste cottonseed oil was selected for
biodiesel production. Three different blends of biodiesel were prepared i.e. B10, B20 and B30. These three
blends were fuelled in a compression ignition (C.I.) engine. A maximum of 77% biodiesel was produced
with 20% methanol in presence of 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Different parameters for the optimization of
biodiesel production were investigated in the first phase of this study, while in the next phase of the study
performance test of a diesel engine with neat diesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures are to be carried out. The
performance characteristics like brake power (B.P.), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake
thermal efficiency. This performance was then compared with that of petro diesel.
The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon
monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke
variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and
blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel
produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been
conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and
exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best
performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel
engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
The search for alternative fuels in last few decades is intensive due to the rapid
depletion of petroleum fuels and their ever increasing costs. There is a great need to
reduce the consumption of conventional fuels in both developed and developing countries.
The consumption and demand of the petroleum based fuels is increasing every year due
to the increased industrialization and innovation in the world. The aim of the present
experimental work is to evaluate the impact of various compression ratio using blends of
diesel fuel with 20% concentration of Methyl Ester of Jatropha biodiesel blended with bio
additive and the blends of diesel fuel with 20% concentration of methyl ester of mahua
biodiesel blended with bio additive as an alternate fuel. The experiment is carried out
with three different compression ratios in DI diesel engine. Biodiesel is extracted from
Jatropha oil and mahua oil, 20% (B20) concentration with 3ml bio additive is found to
be the best blend ratio from the earlier experimental study. 3ml of biodiesel B20MEOJBA
and 3ml of B20MEOMBA is tested with compression ratio of 17.5. The purpose of the
experimental study is to obtain better efficiency, minimum specific fuel consumption, and
lower smoke and lesser emission. This is done by increasing cetane number using
combustion additives of 3ml bio additive blends with biodiesel when compared with the
baseline diesel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
review on diesel engine applications of biodiesels from non edible resources...Madhurjya Saikia
Over the number of years, biodiesel is being produced from various feed stocks that are from vegetable oils or animal fats and it is well established that biodiesel up to 20% blending in fossil diesel does not require any engine modification for use. Due to high cost involvement and food security in current situation for using edible resources to produce biodiesel, researchers in India are shifting attention towards non edible resources such as Karanja seed oil, Mahua oil, Jatropha seed oil, Cotton seed oil, Mesua ferrea seed oil, Yellow oleander seed oil etc which are available in ample amount throughout the subcontinent. Extensive research has been performed on the application of biodiesel produced from these non edible resources as a fuel in diesel engines in place of petroleum diesel. This review paper discusses application of biodiesel produced from different non edible feed stocks for their application in engines as an alternative to fossil diesel in terms of engine and emission performance.
A Comparative Analysis of Compression Ignition Engine Characteristics Using P...Editor IJMTER
This paper investigate the scope of utilizing biodiesel with high bland (B20 & B40)
developed from the Methyle alcohol from pongamia oils as an alternative diesel fuel. The major
problem of using neat pongamia oil as a fuel in a compression ignition engine arises due to its very
high viscosity. Transesterification with alcohols reduces the viscosity of the oil and other properties
have been evaluated to be comparable with those of diesel. In the present project work, an
experimental investigation is carried out on performance and emission characteristics of preheated
higher blends of pongamia biodiesel with diesel. The higher blends of fuel is preheated at 60, 75, 90
and 110˚C temperature using waste exhaust gas heat in a shell and tube heat exchanger.
Transesterification process is used to produce biodiesel required for the project from raw pongamia
oil. Experiments were done using B20 and B40 biodiesel blends at different preheating temperature
and for different loading. A significant improvement in performance and emission characteristics of
preheated B40 blend was obtained. B40 blend preheated to 110˚C showed maximum 8.72% and
8.97% increase in brake thermal efficiency over diesel and B20 blend respectively at 75% load. Also
the highest reduction in UBHC emission and smoke opacity values are obtained as 79.41% and
80.6% respectively over diesel and 78.12% and 73.54% respectively over B20 blend for B40 blend
preheated to 110˚C at 75% load. Thus preheating of higher blends of diesel and biodiesel at higher
temperature improves the viscosity and other properties sharply and improves the performance and
emission.
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
The use of methyl esters of vegetable oil known as biodiesel are increasingly popular because of their low impact on environment, green alternate fuel and most interestingly it’s use in engines does not require major modification in the engine hardware. Use of biodiesel as sole fuel in conventional direct injection diesel engine results in combustion problems, hence it is proposed to use the biodiesel in low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines with its significance characteristics of higher operating temperature, maximum heat release, higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and ability to handle the lower calorific value (CV) fuel. In this work biodiesel from Neem kernel oil was used as sole fuel in LHR direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The low heat rejection engine was developed with uniform metal matrix composites (MMC) coating of cylinder head. The experimental investigation was carried out in a single cylinder water-cooled LHR direct injection diesel engine. In this investigation, the combustion, performance and emission analysis were carried out in a diesel and biodiesel fueled LHR engine under identical operating conditions. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of LHR engine with biodiesel is decreased marginally than LHR engine operated with diesel. Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emission levels are decreased but in contrast the Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) emission level was increased due to the higher peak temperature. In the final analysis, it was found that, the results are quite satisfactory.
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...ijsrd.com
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Assuring Contact Center Experiences for Your Customers With ThousandEyes
S04507106111
1. Sandip S. Jawre et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 7), May 2014, pp.106-111
www.ijera.com 106 | P a g e
Experimental Analysis of Performance of Diesel Engine Using
Kusum Methyl Ester With Diethyl Ether as Additive
Sandip S. Jawre, Prof. S. M. Lawankar
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Govt. College of Engineering, Amravati, MH, India,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Govt. College of Engineering, Amravati, MH, India,
Abstract
The fossile fuels are widely used in diesel engine and continually depleting with increasing consumption and
prices day by day. The fatty acid methyl ester has become an effective alternative to diesel. Various types of
vegetable oil such as Jatropha, karanja, cottonseed, neem, sunflower, palm, mahuva, coconut etc. can be used as
fuel in diesel engine. Kusum oil is one of the fuel used in present work. The viscosity of kusum oil is very high,
so it was reduced by Transesterification process.
This study presents effect of diethyl ether as additive to biodiesel of kusum (schliechera oleosa) methyl ester on
the performance and emission of diesel engine at different load and constant speed and two different injection
pressure (170 and 190 bar). From literature it was observed that very few studies had been conducted on use of
neat biodiesel and diethyl ether blends and use of kusum methyl ester (KME) in diesel engine found to be very
less as compared to different biodiesel. Hence this topic was taken under study. The fuels and its blends used
are 100% diesel, B100 (100% KME), BD-1 (95% KME, 5% DEE), BD-2 (90% KME, 10% DEE), BD-3 (85%
KME, 15% DEE) respectively. It was observed that the performance of engine increases at high injection pres-
sure. The results indicate that lower BSFC was observed with BD-3 as compared to B100, BD-1 and BD-2.
Brake thermal efficiency of BD-3 decreased at 170 bar injection pressure but it increase at 190 bar. Drastic re-
duction in smoke is observed with all blends at higher engine loads. DEE addition to biodiesel reflects better
engine performance compared to neat biodiesel.
Keywords- Biodiesel, Kusum methyl ester, Diethyl ether, injection pressure.
I. Introduction
Diesel engine continues to be reliable power
source for light, medium and heavy duty applications
and as such there can be no replacement for it in agri-
culture and transportation sectors. Although CI en-
gines have a higher thermal efficiency when com-
pared with SI engine, advanced research in the com-
bustion of diesel fuel in CI engine shows that the
Brake thermal efficiency, Brake power can further be
increased by allowing the fuel to combine with more
oxygen atoms to form complete combustion. The
steady increase in energy consumption coupled with
environmental pollution has promoted research activ-
ities in alternative and renewable energy fuels. Bio-
diesel is produced from vegetable oils (edible & non
edibles) and animal fats. The methyl ester of vege-
table oils, known as biodiesel are becoming increa-
singly popular because of their low environmental
impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for
diesel engine and they would not require significant
modification of existing engine hardware. Biodiesel
cannot be used purely for combustion because of
their high viscosity and low calorific value. Transes-
terification is most attractive method to reduce vis-
cosity of raw vegetable oil [1]. Another approach is it
can be blended with diesel fuel as the result, the per-
formance and emission values are found to be nearly
same with diesel fuels at high injection pressure [2].
Preheated biodiesel can also used, because preheating
of oil decreases viscosity of oil considerably as the
temperature increases and are close to diesel fuel [3-
4]. Biodiesel is non-toxic and biodegradable. The
combustion of biodiesel contributes less CO2 to the
atmosphere. Studies on using biodiesel as fuel in di-
esel engines have shown greater reduction in emis-
sions of hydrocarbons, smoke, particulate matter,
oxides of sulphur and carbon and polyaromatics as
compared to diesel. Another option for further reduc-
tion of emission and to improve thermal efficiency is
to improve oxygen content of fuels. oxygen contents
can be increased by mixing oxygenated additivs with
diesel or biodiesel. Present study is related to eva-
luate the effect diethyl ether as oxygenated additive
and its blend with neat biodiesel. Various researches
had been conducted on blends of oxygenated additive
with diesel and biodiesel. The information of re-
searches are discussed as follows.
Alcohols are produce from fossile resources
such as methanol and ethanol are generally added to
diesel fuel to reduce emission. Ethanol fuel blends
promote also higher combustion pressure and there-
fore better combustion and lower amount of exhaust
components [5]. In the transportation sector, ethanol
produced from biomass shows promice as a future
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Sandip S. Jawre et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 7), May 2014, pp.106-111
www.ijera.com 107 | P a g e
fuel for SI engine. Because of high octane quality.
But it is not high quality CI engine fuel ethanol can
be easily converted through a dehydration process to
produce di ethyl ether (DEE). It is an excellent com-
pression ignition fuel and higher energy density than
ethanol. It is also called as cold start aid additive for
engine and having very high cetane number com-
pared to diesel [6]. N. K. Miller Jothi, G. Nagaraja in
their experimental study with homogeneous charge
CI engine fueled with LPG using DEE as an ignition
enhancer and it was found that the maximum reduc-
tion in smoke and particulate emissions is observed
to be about 85% and 89%, respectively, when com-
pared to that of diesel operation, however an increase
in CO and HC emissions was observed [7]. Similarly
can cinar, H. Serdar Yecesu [8] investigated the use
of premixed diethyl ether in a HCCI-DI diesel engine
and it was observed that increase in in-cylinder pres-
sure and higher heat release in the premixed stage of
combustion. Masoud Iranmanesh, [9] in their study it
was concluded that 8% DEE add to the D-E10 (di-
esel-ethanol) blend is the optimum combination
based on the performance and emission analysis with
the exception of smoke opacity in which 15% DEE
addition made the lowest smoke opacity. At this op-
timum ratio the minimum peak heat release rate, the
lowest NOx emissions and the maximum BTE were
occurred at full load condition. similarly Saravanan
D., Vijayakumar T. [10] found that 10% DEE and
diesel blend was optimum combination in term of
BTE and BSFC. Obed M. Ali, Rizalman Mamat [11]
in their study an oxygenated additive diethyl ether
(DEE) was blended with palm oil biodiesel (POME)
in the ratios of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% and tested for
their properties improvement. These blends were
tested for energy content and various fuel properties
Blends of DEE in POME resulted in an improvement
in acid value, viscosity, density and pour point with
increasing content of DEE. Vara Prasad U. SATYA
[12] concluded that Brake specific fuel consumption
and hydrocarbon emissions values are lower with
20% blend of JOME with 5% DEE whereas B20 with
DEE15 yielded lower NOx emissions. Similarly B40
of JOME with DEE10 performed better in terms of
brake specific energy consumption. The higher ce-
tane rating of DEE is advantageous for obtaining
lower smoke opacity and also lower NOx emission
[13]. 15% Mahuva methyl ester blend with 80% di-
esel and 5% diethyl ether shows slightly lower BSFC
and Drastic reduction in smoke is observed at higher
engine load [14]. Whereas the BTE of B40 NOME
with 15% DEE was higher than B100 at injection
pressure of 210 bar [15].
II. Objective of the present study
The main objective of present investigation
was to study the effect of diethyl ether as oxygenated
additive on diesel engine performance and emission
when blended with neat biodiesel. In this work, ku-
sum (Schlichera Oleosa) oil derived from the kusum
seeds was used to produce biodiesel. The fuel blends
investigated for performance analysis were 100%
diesel (B00), B100, BD-1, BD-2, BD-3. These blends
were tested on diesel engine at 170, 190 bar injection
pressure. Performance parameter considered were
brake thermal efficiency, brake sp. fuel consumption,
exhaust gas temperature etc.
III. Material and methodology
Kusum oil extracted from kusum seeds by
mechanical extraction process in screw type expeller.
The viscosity of raw kusum oil is very much higher
than diesel. Hence it cannot be directly used for expe-
rimentation. Hence it is necessary to lower the vis-
cosity of raw kusum oil by transesterification
process.
IV. Transesterification of kusum biodiesel
The transesterification is two stage process
i) Acid catalyzed esterification and ii) Alkaline cata-
lyzed transesterification to convert esterified oil in to
methyl ester and glycerol. The esterified oil (below
4% FFA) was taken for transesterification in the
quantity of 1000 ml. 5 g of KOH was dissolved in to
250 ml of methanol and continuously stirred for 15
minute. After that this mixture was dissolved in to the
1000 ml of oil. This solution was then continuously
heated and stirred at constant temperature of 55-60˚C
for 2 hours. After the reaction is over, solution was
allow to settle down for 24 hours. Glycerine settles at
the bottom and kusum methyl ester rises at the top.
Methyl ester was then separated and purified with
warm water.
Transesterification process
V. Experimental fuels
The commercial Diesel fuel employed in the
tests was obtained locally. Diethyl ether, also known
as ethyl ether, sulfuric ether, is an organic compound
in the ether class with the formula (C4H10O). It is a
colorless, highly volatile flammable liquid. Diethyl
3. Sandip S. Jawre et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 7), May 2014, pp.106-111
www.ijera.com 108 | P a g e
ether has a high cetane number of 125 and is used as
a starting fluid, in combination with petroleum distil-
lates for gasoline and diesel engines because of its
high volatility and low flash point. The diethyl ether
is an analysis-grade anhydrous diethyl ether (99.5%
purity). In the study, four fuels are prepared diesel as
baseline fuel. B100 (neat KME), 95% KME 5%
DEE, 90% KME 10% DEE, 85% KME 15% DEE.
The properties of fuels used and its blends are given
in table 1 and 2.
Table I
Properties of diesel, KME and diethyl ether
Properties Diesel
Biodie-
sel DEE
Density (Kg/m3) 823 850 713
Calorific value
(KJ/Kg)
43000 40800 36840
Viscosity @40°C
(cst)
3.9 9.2 0.23
Cetane number 48 42-48 125
Auto ignition tem-
perature °C
315 160
Oxygen content % 0 11 21.6
Flash point ˚C 56 140 -40
Boiling point ˚C 188 34
Table II
Properties of various blends
Fuel Densi-
ty
Kg/m3
Calorif-
ic value
KJ/Kg
Kinematic
viscosity
@ 40˚C
Flash
point
˚C
Diesel 823 43000 3.9 85
B100 850 40800 9.2 140
BD-1 833 40602 8.7 131
BD-2 827 40404 8.2 122
BD-3 821 40206 7.8 133
VI. Experimental setup and Procedure
The engine used was a single cylinder, natu-
rally aspirated four stroke, and direct injection diesel
engine with a bowl in piston combustion chamber.
The specifications of the engine used are given in
Table III. With the liquid fuel injection, a high-
pressure fuel pump was used, a three hole injector
nozzle. Engine was directly coupled to a dynamome-
ter. exhaust gas temperatures measured by thermo-
couple which indicates reading on digital display,
loads are applied by rope brake dynamometer at con-
stant rpm 1500 which is measured by contact type
tachometer. Smoke was measured by a opax 2000 II
smoke meter Before running the engine to a new fuel,
it was allowed to run for sufficient time to consume
the remaining fuel from the previous experiment. The
smoke meter was also allowed to adjust its zero point
before each measurement. To evaluate performance,
some operating parameters like speed, power output
and fuel consumption were measured.
Table III
Engine specifications
1 General details Single cylinder 4-stroke
DI engine
2 Bore (mm) 80
3 Stroke (mm) 110
4 Swept Volume
(CC)
553
5 Compression
Ratio
16:1
Rated RPM 1500
VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Brake thermal efficiency
The BTE of different fuels is shown as a
function of load. The variation in brake thermal effi-
ciency for various blends was less at part load and
higher at peak load due to the raised temperatures
inside the cylinder. The brake thermal efficiencies of
diesel and the blends of biodiesel with diethyl ether
were seen increased with increase in load but tends to
Decrease with further increase in load. The brake
thermal efficiency of diesel was higher than Kusum
methyl ester throughout the range of load because of
high viscosity and poor volatility of biodiesel. The
brake thermal efficiency increases with increase in
percentage of diethyl ether. Figure 1&2 shows varia-
tion in BTE of various blends at 170 and 190 bar
injection pressure. It was seen that BTE of diesel
increases by 2.8% at 190 bar compared to 170 bar
injection pressure. Because of increase atomization
and spray penetration characteristic fuel injector.
BTE of all blends was higher than 100% KME. But it
was lower than diesel. Higher BTE was achieved
with BD-2 at 170 bar, but it was observed that BTE
of BD-3 was lower by 2.05% than BD-2.This is due
to lower calorific value of DEE. At 190 bar BTE of
BD-3 was increased by 6.7% compared to 170 bar.
Viscosity of biodiesel decrease with increase in per-
centage of DEE cause improvement in the shape of
fuel spray and atomization. Due to this fuel droplets
get mix thoroughly with inside air and improving the
combustion characteristic of engine. BTE of BD-1,
BD-2 and BD-3 was higher than 100% KME.
4. Sandip S. Jawre et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 7), May 2014, pp.106-111
www.ijera.com 109 | P a g e
Figure-1 Brake thermal efficiency Vs brake power
(170 bar)
Figure-2 Brake thermal efficiency Vs brake power
(190 bar)
Brake specific fuel consumption
Brake specific fuel consumption decreases
with increase in load. One possible explanation for
this could be due to more increase in brake power
with load as compared with fuel consumption. The
BSFC of B100 were higher compared to diesel over
entire load range. And it is also higher than all blends
This is due to its lower heating value, greater density
and hence higher bulk modulus. The higher bulk
modulus results in more discharge of fuel. BSFC of
BD-2 and BD-3 comes to be 286 and 293 gm/Kw-hr,
and were observed lower by 10.9% and 8.7 % com-
pared to B100 at 170 bar pressure. The BSFC of BD-
3 was lower than B100 and BD-2 at 190 bar pressure.
And it comes to be 274 gm/Kw-hr. This is due the
fact that with increase in injection pressure the fuel
droplets size decreases. One of the reason for higher
BSFC for B100 is that lower heating value of bio-
diesel. Heating values are also lower for additive
blends because of lower calorific value of DEE.
Though addition of DEE reduces calorific value, but
it improve other properties of biodiesel such as it
reduce viscosity and autoignition temperature, im-
prove cetane no. and flash point. and it increases with
further increase in DEE concentration. Further in-
crease in injection pressure beyond 190 bar has re-
sulted in higher value of BSFC because of increase in
momentum of fuel droplets.
Fig. 3 BSFC Vs brake power (170 bar)
Fig. 4 variation BSFC Vs. brake power (190 bar)
VIII. Exhaust gas temperature
Fig. 5 shows graph of Exhaust gas tempera-
ture vs. brake power. EGT of fuels increase with in-
crease in load because more fuel require to take addi-
tional load. EGT of diesel was observed higher than
all fuels used in the experiment. The exhaust gas
temperature of 100% biodiesel was lower than diesel
and additive blends. This could be due to lower heat
transfer rate in case of biodiesel. EGT increased With
increase in concentration of DEE. This may be due
to higher cetane number which reduce the ignition
delay period and reduce the chance of burning in ex-
haust stroke. The exhaust gas temperature of BD-2
and BD-3 were observed to be higher compared to
B100. At 190 bar BD-3 gives higher value of EGT
because of improved combustion process.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4
BTE%
BP (kW)
170 bar
Diesel
B100
BD-1
BD-2
BD-3
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 1 2 3 4BSFCKg/kW-hr
BP (kW)
170 Bar
DIESEL
B100
BD-1
BD-2
BD-3
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 1 2 3 4
BSFCKg/Kw-hr
BP (kW)
190 Bar
Diesel
b100
BD-1
BD-2
BD-3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 2 3 4
BTE%
BP (kW)
190 Bar
Diesel
B100
BD-1
BD-2
BD-3
5. Sandip S. Jawre et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 7), May 2014, pp.106-111
www.ijera.com 110 | P a g e
Fig. 5 Variation of EGT Vs. brake power (170 bar)
Fig.- 6 Variation of EGT Vs. brake power (190 bar)
IX. Smoke emission
Smoke intensity with diesel fuel was higher
than biodiesel. Smoke is formed due to incomplete
combustion of fuel. This is because of oxygen con-
tent in fuels. Oxygen content of biodiesel is higher
than diesel. Smoke emission was observed lower
with DEE blends. Improved and complete combus-
tion could be the reasons for obtaining lower smoke
emission values with oxygenated additives. Smoke
emission with 5% DEE addition was slightly lower
than B100 at all part load but gives more difference
at peak load. This is due to fact that addition of DEE
to biodiesel improve oxygen content and reduce vis-
cosity. Smoke emission with BD-2 and BD-3 gives
Lower value smoke and it was lower by 21% and
28% compared to B100. Fig-7 shows the graph of
smoke emission Vs brake power. At high pressure
(190 bar) it was seen that smoke emission slightly
decreases than at 170 bar injection pressure.
Fig. 7 Variation of smoke opacity Vs brake power
(170 bar)
Fig. 8 Variation of smoke opacity Vs brake power
(190 bar)
X. Conclusion
Based on the experimental investigation car-
ried with blends of kusum methyl ester and diethyl
ether with simultaneous influence of fuel injection
pressure following conclusion are drawn.
The performance of BD-1 increases slightly
compared to B100 .
Brake thermal efficiency and BSFC is better in
case of BD-2 at 170 bar injection pressure.
15% DEE blend (BD-3) is adjudged as the best
combination which yielded better results than
other fuel blends tested especially 5% blend
(BD-1) which is the nearest competitor.
BD-3 perform better in case of BTE and BSFC
at 190 bar injection pressure. Because of better
mixing and proper utilization of air converted
more heat into the useful work resulting in high-
er BTE.
Smoke emission have decreased with addition of
5%, and 10% additive but it decreased substan-
tially with 15% DEE addition at full load. Be-
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 1 2 3 4
EGT˚C
BP ( kW)
170 bar
Diesel
B100
BD-1
BD-2
BD-3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 1 2 3 4
EGT˚C
BP (kW)
190 bar
Diesel
B100
BD-1
BD-2
BD-3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4
Smoke%
BP (kW)
170 bar
Diesel
B100
BD-1
BD-2
BD-3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4
Smoke%
BP (kW)
190 bar
Diesel
B100
BD-1
BD-2
BD-3
6. Sandip S. Jawre et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 7), May 2014, pp.106-111
www.ijera.com 111 | P a g e
cause of high oxygen contents of DEE. It also
reduced at 190 bar injection pressure.
Higher cetane rating of DEE and oxygen content
are also advantageous for obtaining lower
smoke emission.
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