International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Character...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is necessary
and a need of the hour. Rice bran oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a high potential
to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of mahua oil cannot be done, as its
viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics. The mahua oil is
esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in different proportions.
The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion temperature in diesel engines
has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature can increase the efficiency of
the engine. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success in diesel engine applications because of
various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical properties of the coating materials. Although,
the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the application of ceramic coatings can be as high
as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of 650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder
temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions
at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here the effort has been made to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of MOME blend with diesel in conventional
engine and LHR engine.
Transesterification of fish oil and performance study on 4 stroke ci engine w...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Si...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is
necessary and a need of the hour. simarouba oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a
high potential to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of simarouba oil cannot
be done, as its viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics.
The simarouba oil is esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in
different proportions. The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion
temperature in diesel engines has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature
can increase the efficiency of the engine, decrease. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success
in diesel engine applications because of various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical
properties of the coating materials. Although, the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the
application of ceramic coatings can be as high as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of
650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case
of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here
the effort has been made to determine the performance and emission characteristics of SOME blend
with diesel in conventional engine and LHR engine
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Character...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is necessary
and a need of the hour. Rice bran oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a high potential
to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of mahua oil cannot be done, as its
viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics. The mahua oil is
esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in different proportions.
The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion temperature in diesel engines
has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature can increase the efficiency of
the engine. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success in diesel engine applications because of
various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical properties of the coating materials. Although,
the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the application of ceramic coatings can be as high
as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of 650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder
temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions
at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here the effort has been made to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of MOME blend with diesel in conventional
engine and LHR engine.
Transesterification of fish oil and performance study on 4 stroke ci engine w...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Si...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is
necessary and a need of the hour. simarouba oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a
high potential to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of simarouba oil cannot
be done, as its viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics.
The simarouba oil is esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in
different proportions. The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion
temperature in diesel engines has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature
can increase the efficiency of the engine, decrease. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success
in diesel engine applications because of various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical
properties of the coating materials. Although, the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the
application of ceramic coatings can be as high as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of
650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case
of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here
the effort has been made to determine the performance and emission characteristics of SOME blend
with diesel in conventional engine and LHR engine
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully
understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation.
Biodiesel was made by the well-known transesterification process. Waste cottonseed oil was selected for
biodiesel production. Three different blends of biodiesel were prepared i.e. B10, B20 and B30. These three
blends were fuelled in a compression ignition (C.I.) engine. A maximum of 77% biodiesel was produced
with 20% methanol in presence of 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Different parameters for the optimization of
biodiesel production were investigated in the first phase of this study, while in the next phase of the study
performance test of a diesel engine with neat diesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures are to be carried out. The
performance characteristics like brake power (B.P.), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake
thermal efficiency. This performance was then compared with that of petro diesel.
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
The use of methyl esters of vegetable oil known as biodiesel are increasingly popular because of their low impact on environment, green alternate fuel and most interestingly it’s use in engines does not require major modification in the engine hardware. Use of biodiesel as sole fuel in conventional direct injection diesel engine results in combustion problems, hence it is proposed to use the biodiesel in low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines with its significance characteristics of higher operating temperature, maximum heat release, higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and ability to handle the lower calorific value (CV) fuel. In this work biodiesel from Neem kernel oil was used as sole fuel in LHR direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The low heat rejection engine was developed with uniform metal matrix composites (MMC) coating of cylinder head. The experimental investigation was carried out in a single cylinder water-cooled LHR direct injection diesel engine. In this investigation, the combustion, performance and emission analysis were carried out in a diesel and biodiesel fueled LHR engine under identical operating conditions. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of LHR engine with biodiesel is decreased marginally than LHR engine operated with diesel. Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emission levels are decreased but in contrast the Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) emission level was increased due to the higher peak temperature. In the final analysis, it was found that, the results are quite satisfactory.
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...IOSRJMCE
The present fossil fuel crisis and increasing vehicle population made us to think of alternate fuels. The abundance of the fossil fuels is expected to be exhaust in another 30-40 years. The cost of the fossil fuels is day by day increasing and also the emission from these fuels increases the air pollution. With keeping in view of all the above said points, it is made us to think of alternate fuels for all CI Engines. Among alternate fuels, the Pine oil blended with Methanol will promise for substituting the diesel. With pure vegetable oils there is combustion problems and which leads to more emissions in the exhaust. The present investigation evaluates Pine oil blended with Methanol in Diesel Engine. A Twin cylinder Diesel Engine adapted to study the Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific energy consumption, and emissions in Low Cetane fuels. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using Diesel and Low Cetane Fuels. From this study the emissions like HC and CO has been reduced and Low Cetane Fuels are substitute to diesel fuel. To overcome the above problems we use combustion additives at the time of combustion. So here we use Pine oil blended with Methanol as alternative fuels in diesel Engine and perform various tests and evaluate its performance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Turning Operation by Using Taguchi Ap...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully
understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation.
Biodiesel was made by the well-known transesterification process. Waste cottonseed oil was selected for
biodiesel production. Three different blends of biodiesel were prepared i.e. B10, B20 and B30. These three
blends were fuelled in a compression ignition (C.I.) engine. A maximum of 77% biodiesel was produced
with 20% methanol in presence of 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Different parameters for the optimization of
biodiesel production were investigated in the first phase of this study, while in the next phase of the study
performance test of a diesel engine with neat diesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures are to be carried out. The
performance characteristics like brake power (B.P.), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake
thermal efficiency. This performance was then compared with that of petro diesel.
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
The use of methyl esters of vegetable oil known as biodiesel are increasingly popular because of their low impact on environment, green alternate fuel and most interestingly it’s use in engines does not require major modification in the engine hardware. Use of biodiesel as sole fuel in conventional direct injection diesel engine results in combustion problems, hence it is proposed to use the biodiesel in low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines with its significance characteristics of higher operating temperature, maximum heat release, higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and ability to handle the lower calorific value (CV) fuel. In this work biodiesel from Neem kernel oil was used as sole fuel in LHR direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The low heat rejection engine was developed with uniform metal matrix composites (MMC) coating of cylinder head. The experimental investigation was carried out in a single cylinder water-cooled LHR direct injection diesel engine. In this investigation, the combustion, performance and emission analysis were carried out in a diesel and biodiesel fueled LHR engine under identical operating conditions. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of LHR engine with biodiesel is decreased marginally than LHR engine operated with diesel. Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emission levels are decreased but in contrast the Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) emission level was increased due to the higher peak temperature. In the final analysis, it was found that, the results are quite satisfactory.
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
Effect of Pine oil blended with Methanol on Performance and Emissions in a Di...IOSRJMCE
The present fossil fuel crisis and increasing vehicle population made us to think of alternate fuels. The abundance of the fossil fuels is expected to be exhaust in another 30-40 years. The cost of the fossil fuels is day by day increasing and also the emission from these fuels increases the air pollution. With keeping in view of all the above said points, it is made us to think of alternate fuels for all CI Engines. Among alternate fuels, the Pine oil blended with Methanol will promise for substituting the diesel. With pure vegetable oils there is combustion problems and which leads to more emissions in the exhaust. The present investigation evaluates Pine oil blended with Methanol in Diesel Engine. A Twin cylinder Diesel Engine adapted to study the Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific energy consumption, and emissions in Low Cetane fuels. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using Diesel and Low Cetane Fuels. From this study the emissions like HC and CO has been reduced and Low Cetane Fuels are substitute to diesel fuel. To overcome the above problems we use combustion additives at the time of combustion. So here we use Pine oil blended with Methanol as alternative fuels in diesel Engine and perform various tests and evaluate its performance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Turning Operation by Using Taguchi Ap...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Impact of Hybrid Pass-Transistor Logic (HPTL) on Power, Delay and Area in VL...IJMER
Abstract: Power reduction is a serious concern now days. As the MOS devices are wide spread, there is
high need for circuits which consume less power, mainly for portable devices which run on batteries, like
Laptops and hand-held computers. The Pass-Transistor Logic (PTL) is a better way to implement circuits
designed for low power applications.
In this paper, we give several new fixed point theorems to extend results [3]-[4] ,and we apply
the effective modification of He’s variation iteration method to solve some nonlinear and linear equations are
proceed to examine some a class of integral-differential equations and some partial differential equation, to
illustrate the effectiveness and convenience of this method(see[7]). Finally we have also discussed Berge type
equation with exact solution
Nanoscience and nanotechnology primarily deal with the synthesis, characterization,
exploration, and exploitation of nanostructures materials. These materials are characterized by at least
one dimension in the nanometer (1nm = 10−9 m) range. In this research project nano materials are
synthesized or deposited by sputtering process. Prior to this sputtering process, the desired specimen and
its pattern is prepared with one of the mask less lithographic techniques such as electron beam
lithography (EBL). In this process, EBL machine is used with 220 KV of power and it is used to write the
pattern with raster scan method. After co-deposition of Al2O3 and SiO2 with the help of sputtering then
finally characterization has taken place. In this characterization, Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
images are taken and then finally atomic force microscope (AFM) images are taken in order to know the
deflection error, adhesiveness, and DMT modulus
Regeneration of Liquid Desiccant in Solar Passive Regenerator with Enhanced ...IJMER
Demand for air conditioning is growing, which many times strains the electricity grid. It is
desirable to use technologies like liquid desiccant based air conditioning, which can use waste heat or
solar thermal energy. Solar regeneration has challenges like numerous components, higher parasitic
power and low efficiency. In this work, a solar passive regenerator is developed and used, which has
nominal power consumption for its operation. Its efficiency can be improved significantly by enhanced
glass cooling as demonstrated in this work. The moisture removal rate could be improved by more than
100% with this method. The effect of concentration and solar insolation on moisture removal rate was
also studied in this work
A Novel Data Extraction and Alignment Method for Web DatabasesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
PV/Diesel Hybrid System for Fuel Production from Waste Plastics RecyclingIJMER
The treatment of wastes has become one of the most important concerns of modern society. Converting waste plastic into gasoline and diesel fuel through a highly effective low-cost pyrolysis process is a promising technology. In this paper PV/Diesel/Battery hybrid system is suggested to fulfill the load demand of waste plastic recycling pyrolysis process. A Mathematical and simulation models using MATLAB/ SIMULINK software for the hybrid PV/Diesel/Battery system components have been developed. Also, this paper presents a control strategy using Artificial Neural Network Controller
(NNC) technique for coordinating the power flow among the different components of the PV/Diesel/Battery hybrid system. The results indicate that the proposed control unit using NNC can be successfully used for controlling the power system for the waste plastic recycling pyrolysis process.
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Similar to Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Working On Diesel and NOME with Ethanol and Triacetin Blends
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...IAEME Publication
This work is focused to determine the performance and emissions characteristics of a naturally aspirated direct ignition diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel (DF), mahua biodiesel (MBD) and preheated mahua biodiesel (MBD-PH). The fatty acid composition of MBD is determined and its properties like density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value and iodine value are also determined. Engine performance tests showed that brake specific fuel consumption of MBD is higher than that of DF.
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...idescitation
In this research work, waste mustard biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as alternative
fuels for diesel engines were studied. An experimental investigation has been carried out to
evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste
mustard biodiesel-diesel blends (10%, 15% and 20%) and important fuel properties have
also been determined. The performance parameters analyzed include brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature whereas
exhaust emissions include unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides
of nitrogen (NO x). The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline
data of diesel fuel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance
parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The waste mustard biodiesel-diesel
fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine
performance and exhaust emissions were measured while the engine running at no, part and
full load condition. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing waste mustard oil blends
with diesel fuel. It concluded that B10 blend of waste mustard biodiesel act as best
alternative fuel among all tested fuel at full load condition. The objective of the present
research was to explore technical feasibility of waste mustard oil in direct injection C.I.
engine without any substantial modifications in the engine design..
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Experimental Investigation on Use of Honge(Pongamia) Biodiesel on Multi-cylin...ijsrd.com
Biodiesel is a fatty acid alkyl ester which is renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel which can be derived from any vegetable oil by transesterifiaction process. Biodiesel has become a key source as a substitution fuel and is making its place as a key future renewable energy source. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils are quite promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. Use of vegetable oils in diesel engines leads to slightly inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high viscosity. The performance of vegetable oils can be improved by modifying them through the Transesterification process. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder direct injection diesel engine using honge as fuel was evaluated for its performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The properties of honge thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. The produced honge biodiesel was tested for their use as a substitute fuel for diesel engine. Tests have been conducted at different varying load of biodiesel, at 60% throttle. The performance parameters elucidated includes brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, torque, also emission characteristics against varying Brake Power (BP) and combustion characteristics against crank angle.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DI DIESEL ENGINE WITH PREHEATING C...IAEME Publication
In this experimental investigation, the corn oil methyl ester (COME) was prepared by transesterification using corn oil, methyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. The fuel properties of bio-diesel such as kinematic viscosity and specific gravity were found within limited of BIS standard. At different preheated temperatures of COME, the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with preheated bio-diesel were obtained and
compared with neat diesel.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel of diesel, is described as fatty acid methyl ester from vegetable oils or animal fats. The main objectives of the present work is to reduce higher viscosity of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil using esterification followed by transesterification and to assess the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. The important properties of engine fuel such as density, viscosity, flash point and calorific value of Karanja methyl ester were compared with diesel fuel. Various proportions of Karanja oil methyl ester blends (10%, 20%, and 30%) were used for conducting the performance test at varying load conditions. Engine parameters such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency were calculated and emission parameter such as emission of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxide of nitrogen gases in exhaust were recorded. By using Karanja oil methyl ester blends with diesel fuel, the result showed that the brake thermal efficiency of biodiesel blends with diesel fuel wee less as compared to diesel fuel. Fuel consumption was increased with increase in blend proportions. It is found that the emission level of CO and HC level decreased with increased in blend proportion in diesel fuel. NOx emission increased with increase in blend proportion in diesel fuel. The test results indicate that biodiesel B-20 and lesser can be used as an alternative without any modifications of diesel engine.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
The use of biodiesel, the methyl esters of vegetable oils are becoming popular due to their
low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engine. With this objective,
the present work has focused on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using
rice bran oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the blends of varying proportions of rice
bran biodiesel with diesel (RB20, RB40, RB60, RB80 & RB100) were prepared, analyzed, and compared
the performance and exhaust emission with diesel using 5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine.
The performance and emission characteristics of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant
rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the performance of RB20 blend of rice bran oil gives result, that
is near to the diesel and also found that the emission CO, CO2, HC, smoke & NOX of this blend is less
than the diesel.
Engine Performance and Emission Test of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, Methanol...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: In this study, diesel fuel, Methanol and Waste Plastic Pyrolysis oil with an addition of cetane additive blends were tested in a four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine. The objective of adding Cetane Additive is to improve the combustion of blended fuel and have better performance characteristics for the blend. The Cetane additive addition is as recommended by TOTAL AC2010A. The 1ml cetane additive is added to 1000ml of blended fuel. The main objective of this report is to analyze the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a diesel engine which uses waste plastic pyrolysis oil in alternation of an ordinary diesel which are available in the market. Four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine was used in this study to find out the brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions with the fuel of fraction methanol and Waste plastic pyrolysis oil in diesel. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using methanol and waste plastic pyrolysis oil blended with diesel at certain mixing ratio of 5:5:90, 10:10:80 and 15:15:70 of methanol and waste plastic pyrolysis oil to diesel respectively. Experimental results of blended fuel and diesel fuel are also compared.
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)IOSR Journals
In the present study, a twin cylinder 4-stroke dual fuel diesel engine is tested using diesel, K10 (10
% neat oil + 90% diesel) and K20 (20% neat oil + 80% diesel) with woody biomass producer gas. The test is
performed using the above test fuels in dual fuel mode at different gas flow rates under a constant load of 10
kW. This work demonstrates the effect of gas flow rates and neat oil blends on performance, emission and pilot
fuel savings of the test engine. It is observed that with increase in gas flow rates for all test fuels, performance
parameters like brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) increases,
whereas brake thermal efficiency decreases. The emission parameters like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and
carbon dioxide values are increases. However, the oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emission parameters are
decreases with increase in gas flow rates. Similarly, in comparing between liquid fuels, with increase in blend
percentage, BSEC and EGT increases compared to diesel. The BTE is the reverse case of BSEC. In case of
blended fuels, all the above mentioned emission parameters shows lower values compared to diesel. The highest pilot fuel savings occurs in case of diesel, K10 and K20 are. 56%, 54% and 52% respectively at highest gas flow rates.
Similar to Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Working On Diesel and NOME with Ethanol and Triacetin Blends (20)
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Application of Parabolic Trough Collectorfor Reduction of Pressure Drop in Oi...IJMER
Pipelines are the least expensive and most effective method for the oil transportation.
Due to high viscosity of crude oil, the pressure drop and pumping power requirements are very high.
So it is necessary to bring down the viscosity of crude oil. Heated pipelines are used reduce the oil
viscosity by increasing the oil temperature. Electrical heating and direct flame heating are the common
method used for heating the oil pipeline. In this work, a new application of Parabolic Trough Collector
in the field of oil pipeline transport is introduced for reducing pressure drop in oil pipelines. Oil
pipeline is heated by applying concentrated solar radiation on the pipe surface using a Parabolic
Trough Collector in which the oil pipeline acts as the absorber pipe. 3-D steady state analysis is
carried out on a heated oil pipeline using commercial CFD software package ANSYS Fluent 14.5. In
this work an effort is made to investigate the effect of concentrated solar radiation for reducing
pressure drop in the oil pipeline. The results from the numerical analysis shows that the pressure drop
in oil pipeline is get reduced by heating the pipe line using concentrated solar radiation. From this
work, the application of PTC in oil pipeline transportation is justified.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical Futures
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Working On Diesel and NOME with Ethanol and Triacetin Blends
1. www.ijmer.com
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2792-2796
ISSN: 2249-6645
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission
Characteristics of Diesel Engine Working On Diesel and
NOME with Ethanol and Triacetin Blends
Vivek pathak1, Prof. Amitesh Paul2
1
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering Sri Satya Sai Institute of Technology Sehore,Madhya Pradesh, India,
Head of Department Department of Mechanical Engineering,Sri Satya Sai Institute of Technology Sehore,Madhya
Pradesh,
ABSTRACT: This research presents effect of triacetin and ethanol as additive to biodiesel (Neem oil methyl ester) on the
performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine at different loads and constant engine speed. Compared with
biodiesel, slightly lower brake specific energy consumption for triacetin and ethanol bended fuels was observed. At higher
engine loads CO,HC and smoke emission were found significantly lower with all blends[BD-1(5% triacetin,95% biodiesel),
BD-2(10% triacetin,90% biodiesel) , BE-1(5% ethanol, 95% biodiesels) and BE-2 (10% ethanol ,90% biodiesel)] compared
to Biodiesel , but NOx emission were found higher. The triacetin is also antiknock agent and has maximum oxygen content
about 53.3%. by this reason combustion of fuel can be improve.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Triacetin , Emission , Ethanol , Neem oil Methyl ester.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Conventional energy sources such as oil, coal and natural gas have limited reserves that are expected not to lost for
an extended period. World primary demand is projected to increase by 1.5% per year between 2007 to 2030, from just over
12,000 million tons of oil equivalent to 6800 million tones-as overall increase of 40%. As world reserves of fossil fuels and
raw material are limited, it has stimulated active research interest in non petroleum and non polluting fuels.[1-8]. Diesel
engines are the major source of power generation and transportation hence diesel is being used extensively, but due to the
gradual impact of environmental pollution there is an urgent need for suitable alternate fuels for use in diesel engine without
any modification.[5-9]There are different kinds of vegetable oils and biodiesel have been tested in diesel engines its reducing
characteristic for green house gas emissions. Its help on reducing a country’s reliance on crude oil imports its supportive
characteristic on agriculture by providing a new market for domestic crops, its effective lubricating property that eliminates
the need of any lubricate additive and its wide acceptance by vehicle manufacturers can be listed as the most important
advantages of biodiesel fuel[2-12]. There are more than 350 oil bearing crops identified, among which only Jatropha,
pongamia, sunflower, Soyabean, cottonseed, rapeseed, palm oil and peanut oil are considered as potential alternative fuels
for diesel engines [3,4,5,7,9]. vegetable oil and their derivates as fuels are non-toxic biodegradable environment friendly and
can be made from renewable resources[4,7,9,10,11,18,20,24] Transesterification can lower high viscosity of vegetable
oils[4,5]. Biodiesel in diesel engine can reduce HC CO and smoke emission but NOx emission may increase [9,10,11]. Some
studies have shown that biodiesel can decrease NOx emission but CO HC and smoke emission may increase. Poor flow of
biodiesel is a barrier in using of neat biodiesel in cold weather. The present study aims to investigate the use of neem oil
blend with diesel as an alternate fuel for compression ignition engine Triacetin and Ethanol (T&E) might improve cold flows
and viscosity properties. This research presents effect of Triacetin and Ethanol as additive to biodiesel [neem oil methyl ester
(NOME)] on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine at different loads and constant engine speed
[14,15,21].
II.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Biodiesel is the ester of vegetable oils produced through a process called Transesterification. Transesterification is a
chemical reaction which occurs between triglyceride and methyl alcohol in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH). It
consists of a sequence of three consecutive reactions where triglycerides are converted to diglycerides. diglycerides are
converted to monoglycerides followed by the conversion of monoglycerides to glycerol. In each step an ester is produced
and thus three ester molecules are produced from one molecule of triglyceride. Neem oil used in the present investigation
was taken from JNKV Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India and filtered by cheesecloth to remove solid particles. The moisture
content was removed by heating the oil in an oven up to 110°C for one hour now the oil is taken in a round bottom flask and
heated around 50-60°C on a hot plate having magnetic stirrer arrangement, then methanol and potassium hydroxide are
added to the oil. The mixture was stirred continuously. Alcohol to vegetable oil molar ratio is one of the important factors
that affect the conversion efficiency of the process for the transesterification process 3 mol of alcohol are required for each
mole of the oil. However, in practice the molar ratio should be higher than this theoretical ratio in order to drive the reaction
towards early completion. After the completion of reaction, the products are allowed to separate into two layers, the lower
layer contains glycerol and the top layer contains ester which is separated and purified using water. Water is sprayed over the
ester and stirred gently and allowed to settle in the separating funnel, the lower layer is discarded and upper layer (purified
biodiesel) is separated.
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2792-2796
ISSN: 2249-6645
FIGURE 1
Biodiesel (methyl esters of neem oil) have several outstanding advantages among other new-renewable and clean
engine fuel alternatives. The only drawback is it viscosity and incomplete combustion fuel. This can be improve by adding
triacetin and ethanol. Triacetin is also anti-knock additive. The properties of diesel and biodiesel with additives (biodiesel
with triacetin & biodiesel with ethanol) used in present investigation were compared with diesel fuel in Table.1
Table 1
Different Fuels
Calorific value
(kj/kg)
Specific gravity
(gm/cm3)
Cetane number
Diesel
NOME
Ethanol
BD-1
BD-2
BE-1
BE-2
42000
41000
27000
40800
40580
40280
39500
0.823
0.867
0.789
0.847
0.838
0.854
0.847
48
51
5-8
-
III.
Flash
Point
o
C
56
165
13.5
147
128
153
139
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE
Items
Model
No of cylinder
Bore
HP
Stroke
Compression ratio
Speed
Items
Kinetic
Viscosity at
40C
3.9
4.5
1.2
3.32
3.20
4.2
3.89
Table 2: Specification of Engine
Specification
Kirloskar Av1
1
8cm
5
11cm
16.5:1
1500 rpm
Table 3 Specification of dc machine
Specification
Model
Samson D.C machine
Volt
150V
Power
4.6 KW
Current
40 Amp
Speed
1500 rpm
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2792-2796
ISSN: 2249-6645
Table 4 Specification of exhaust gas analyzer
Measuring Quality
Measuring Range
CO
HC
IV.
0-10%vol
0-20000ppm
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP LINE DIAGRAM
Schematics diagram of experimental setup (1) Engine; (2) Electrical load bank; (3) voltmeter, ammeter; (4) Diesel fuel tank;
(5) Biodiesel fuel tank ;( 6) Burette;(7) Two way valve;(8) Air box; (9) Orifice plate; (10) U tube manometer;(11) Smoke
meter; (12) EGA
FIGURE 2
V.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Specific gravity and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel is higher than that of other fuel, but it can be reduced by
additives. Latent heat of ethanol (850kj/kg) is higher than that of other fuels. Calorific value of biodiesel, T , E are lower by
4.6% 37.9% and 16.6% respectively as compared to diesel. Oxygen contents are higher by 53.3% and 34.8% respectively.
The CO emission for different fuels are as shown in fig. 3. It is very clear indicated from the results that with the blending of
triacetin and ethanol gives better result than the neat diesel oil or NOME. Only BE-1 gives high percentage because of less
combustion of fuel in combustion chamber then BT-1 BT-2 BE-2. For the triacetin blends CO emission is very good.
Because in the presence of higher oxygen fuel burns properly and give better performance. From the figure.4, we can say
that the emission of HC is very lower than the other fuels used in this investigation. BT-1 , BT-2 and NOME gives less
emission due to proper combustion. The Exhaust gas temperature is very close to neat diesel and within the imit. It can be
considered is safe range as indicated in figure 5. All the bends give better characteristics of smoke density then the neat
diesel except NOME.
2.5
2
DIESEL
1.5
NOME
BT-1
1
BT-2
BE-1
0.5
BE-2
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
FIGURE 3( Percentage of Carbon mono oxide (CO%))
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2792-2796
ISSN: 2249-6645
2500
2000
DIESEL
NOME
1500
BT-1
BT-2
1000
BE-1
500
BE-2
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
FIGURE 4 (Hydro Carbon particles (HC) in ppm)
400
350
300
DIESEL
250
NOME
200
BT-1
150
BT-2
100
BE-1
50
BE-2
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
FIGURE 5 (Exhaust Gas temperature oC)
35%
30%
25%
DIESEL
NOME
20%
BT-1
15%
BT-2
BE-1
10%
BE-2
5%
0%
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
FIGURE 6(Percentage of Smoke Density)
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2792-2796
ISSN: 2249-6645
VI.
CONCLUSION
Biodiesel NOME and its blends can be better option for any diesel engine for better performance without any
modification in engine and also environmental friendly. The emission of CO and HC can be decrease to a large extent, as
output come from this investigation. Because of the higher percentage of oxygen, combustion can be improved and also
reduce the knocking problem. The major output from this investigation is increase the NOME and its blends characteristics
by adding additives. The major problem like knocking viscosity and lower performance characteristics can be improved and
with less emission. From the above results we can say that , NOME and its bends will be better alternatives for diesel
engines because of mass production of neem in india , production cost of biodiesel is cheap and give better characteristic of
emission
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