The document summarizes the key events of mitosis and cytokinesis. It describes how sister chromatids separate during anaphase and move towards opposite poles. During telophase, chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes reform. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, with animal cells forming a cleavage furrow and plant cells forming a cell plate. Mitosis and cytokinesis are important for growth, repair, and development in multicellular organisms.

2. Sister chromatids of each chromosomes separate
completely to become daughter chromosomes.
New chromosomes move towards the poles along the
path of their spindle fibers
Centromeres lead the path and arms trail behind

4. Events occurring during
anaphase
Centomeres split and chromatids separate
Chromatids move to opposite poles

5. Final stage of mitosis.
Chromosomes that have reached their respective poles
decondense and lose
their individuality.

6. Events occurring in telophase
Chromosomes cluster at opposite spindle poles and their identity
is lost as discrete elements.
Nuclear envelope assembles around the chromosome cluster
Nucleolus, golgi complex, ER reform.

7. It is the division of cytoplasm of parent cell into two daughter cells

8. Cytokinesis in animal cells
In animal cell it is achieved by the appearance of a furrow
in the plasma membrane
The furrow gradually deepens and ultimately joins the centre
dividing the cell cytoplasm into two
Wall formation starts in the centre of the cell and grows
outward to meet the existing lateral walls.

9. Cytokinesis in plant cells
Plant cells are enclosed by relatively inextensible cell wall.
Therefore they undergo cytokinesis by a different mechanism.
Wall formation starts in the centre of the cell
and grows outward to meet the existing
lateral walls.
Formation of new cell wall begins with the formation o a simple
precursor, called the cell plate that represents the middle
lamella
between the walls of two adj cells.

11. In some organisms karyokinesis is
not followed by cytokinesis as a result
of which multinucleate condition
arises leading to the formation of
syncytium

12. GROWTH: New somatic cells are formed by mitosis.
Therefore, mitosis helps in growth and development
of multicellular organisms
REPAIR: Repair of the body takes place because of
the addition of cells by mitosis.
The cells of the upper layer of the epidermis, cells of lining of the
gut,
and RBCs are constantly being replaced