This document discusses using Mahout for machine learning tasks like clustering, classification and recommendation. It provides an overview of Mahout, describes its key algorithms and architecture. It also demonstrates how to install Mahout and run sample recommendation and clustering algorithms using MovieLens and Reuters datasets. Steps shown include preparing the data, generating vectors, running the algorithms and analyzing the results.

1. Big Data Analytics
Using Mahout
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thanachart Numnonda
Executive Director
IMC Institute
April 2015

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Mahout

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Mahout is a Java library which Implementing
Machine Learning techniques for
clustering, classification and recommendation
What is Mahout?

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Mahout in Apache Software

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Why Mahout?
Apache License
Good Community
Good Documentation
Scalable
Extensible
Command Line Interface
Java Library

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List of Algorithms

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List of Algorithms

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List of Algorithms

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Mahout Architecture

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Use Cases

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Installing Mahout

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Select a EC2 service and click on Lunch Instance

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Choose My AMIs and select “Hadoop Lab Image”

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Choose m3.medium Type virtual server

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Leave configuration details as default

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Add Storage: 20 GB

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Name the instance

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Select an existing security group > Select Security
Group Name: default

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Click Launch and choose imchadoop as a key pair

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Review an instance / click Connect for
an instruction to connect to the instance

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Connect to an instance from Mac/Linux

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Connect to an instance from Windows using Putty

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Connect to the instance

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Install Maven
$ sudo apt-get install maven
$ mvn -v

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Install Subversion
$ sudo apt-get install subversion
$ svn --version

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Install Mahout
$ cd /usr/local/
$ sudo mkdir mahout
$ cd mahout
$ sudo svn co http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/mahout/trunk
$ cd trunk
$ sudo mvn -DskipTests

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Install Mahout (cont.)

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Edit batch files
$ sudo vi $HOME/.bashrc
$ exec bash

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Running
Recommendation Algorithms

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MovieLens
http://grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/

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Architecture for Recommender Engine

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Item-Based Recommendation
Step 1: Gather some test data
Step 2: Pick a similarity measure
Step 3: Configure the Mahout command
Step 4: Making use of the output and doing more
with Mahout

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Preparing Movielen data
$ wget http://files.grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/ml-100k.zip
$ unzip ml-100k.zip
$ hadoop fs -mkdir /input
$ hadoop fs -put u.data /input/u.data
$ hadoop fs -mkdir /results
$ unset MAHOUT_LOCAL

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Running Recommend Command
$ mahout recommenditembased -i /input/u.data -o
/results/itemRecom.txt -s SIMILARITY_LOGLIKELIHOOD
--tempDir /temp/recommend1
$ hadoop fs -ls /results/itemRecom.txt

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View the result
$ hadoop fs -cat /results/itemRecom.txt/part-r-00000

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Similarity Classname
SIMILARITY_COOCCURRENCE
SIMILARITY_LOGLIKELIHOOD
SIMILARITY_TANIMOTO_COEFFICIENT
SIMILARITY_CITY_BLOCK
SIMILARITY_COSINE
SIMILARITY_PEARSON_CORRELATION
SIMILARITY_EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE

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Running Recommendation in
a single machine
$ export MAHOUT_LOCAL=true
$ mahout recommenditembased -i ml-100k/u.data -o
/results/itemRecom.txt -s SIMILARITY_LOGLIKELIHOOD
--numRecommendations 5
$ cat results/itemRecom.txt/part-r-00000

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Running
Example Program
Using CBayes classifer

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Running Example Program

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Preparing data
$ export WORK_DIR=/tmp/mahout-work-${USER}
$ mkdir -p ${WORK_DIR}
$ mkdir -p ${WORK_DIR}/20news-bydate
$ cd ${WORK_DIR}/20news-bydate
$ wget
http://people.csail.mit.edu/jrennie/20Newsgroups/20news-bydate.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf 20news-bydate.tar.gz
$ mkdir ${WORK_DIR}/20news-all
$ cd
$ cp -R ${WORK_DIR}/20news-bydate/*/* $
{WORK_DIR}/20news-all

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Note: Running on MapReduce
If you want to run onMapReduce mode, you need to run the
following commands before running the feature extraction
commands
$ unset MAHOUT_LOCAL
$ hadoop fs -put ${WORK_DIR}/20news-all $
{WORK_DIR}/20news-all

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Preparing the Sequence File
Mahout provides you a utility to convert the given input file in to a
sequence file format.
The input file directory where the original data resides.
The output file directory where the clustered data is to be stored.

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Sequence Files
Sequence files are binary encoding of key/value pairs. There is a
header on the top of the file organized with some metadata
information which includes:
– Version
– Key name
– Value name
– Compression
To view the sequential file
mahout seqdumper -i <input file> | more

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Generate Vectors from Sequence Files
Mahout provides a command to create vector files from
sequence files.
mahout seq2sparse -i <input file path> -o <output file path>
Important Options:
-lnorm Whether output vectors should be logNormalize.
-nv Whether output vectors should be NamedVectors
-wt The kind of weight to use. Currently TF or TFIDF.
Default: TFIDF

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Extract Features
Convert the full 20 newsgroups dataset into a < Text, Text >
SequenceFile.
Convert and preprocesses the dataset into a < Text,
VectorWritable > SequenceFile containing term frequencies for
each document.

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Prepare Testing Dataset
Split the preprocessed dataset into training and testing sets.

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Training process
Train the classifier.

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Testing the result
Test the classifier.

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Dumping a vector file
We can dump vector files to normal text ones, as fillow
mahout vectordump -i <input file> -o <output file>
Options
--useKey If the Key is a vector than dump that instead
--csv Output the Vector as CSV
--dictionary The dictionary file.

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Sample Output

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Command line options

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Command line options

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Command line options

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K-means clustering

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Reuters Newswire

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Preparing data
$ export WORK_DIR=/tmp/kmeans
$ mkdir $WORK_DIR
$ mkdir $WORK_DIR/reuters-out
$ cd $WORK_DIR
$ wget
http://kdd.ics.uci.edu/databases/reuters21578/reuters21578.tar.gz
$ mkdir $WORK_DIR/reuters-sgm
$ tar -xzf reuters21578.tar.gz -C $WORK_DIR/reuters-sgm

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Convert input to a sequential file
$ mahout org.apache.lucene.benchmark.utils.ExtractReuters
$WORK_DIR/reuters-sgm $WORK_DIR/reuters-out

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Convert input to a sequential file (cont)
$ mahout seqdirectory -i $WORK_DIR/reuters-out -o
$WORK_DIR/reuters-out-seqdir -c UTF-8 -chunk 5

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Create the sparse vector files
$ mahout seq2sparse -i $WORK_DIR/reuters-out-seqdir/ -o
$WORK_DIR/reuters-out-seqdir-sparse-kmeans
--maxDFPercent 85 --namedVector

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Running K-Means
$ mahout kmeans -i $WORK_DIR/reuters-out-seqdir-sparse-
kmeans/tfidf-vectors/ -c $WORK_DIR/reuters-kmeans-clusters
-o $WORK_DIR/reuters-kmeans -dm
org.apache.mahout.common.distance.CosineDistanceMeasure
-x 10 -k 20 -ow

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K-Means command line options

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Viewing Result
$mkdir $WORK_DIR/reuters-kmeans/clusteredPoints
$ mahout clusterdump -i $WORK_DIR/reuters-kmeans/clusters-
*-final -o $WORK_DIR/reuters-kmeans/clusterdump -d
$WORK_DIR/reuters-out-seqdir-sparse-kmeans/dictionary.file-0
-dt sequencefile -b 100 -n 20 --evaluate -dm
org.apache.mahout.common.distance.CosineDistanceMeasure
-sp 0 --pointsDir $WORK_DIR/reuters-kmeans/clusteredPoints

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Viewing Result

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Dumping a cluster file
We can dump cluster files to normal text ones, as fillow
mahout clusterdump -i <input file> -o <output file>
Options
-of The optional output format for the results.
Options: TEXT, CSV, JSON or GRAPH_ML
-dt The dictionary file type
--evaluate Run ClusterEvaluator

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Canopy Clustering

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Fuzyy k-mean Clustering

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Command line options

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Exercise: Traffic Accidents Dataset
http://fimi.ua.ac.be/data/accidents.dat.gz

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Import-Export RDBMS data

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Sqoop Hands-On Labs
1. Loading Data into MySQL DB
2. Installing Sqoop
3. Configuring Sqoop
4. Installing DB driver for Sqoop
5. Importing data from MySQL to Hive Table
6. Reviewing data from Hive Table
7. Reviewing HDFS Database Table files

72. Thanachart Numnonda, thanachart@imcinstitute.com Feb 2015Big Data Hadoop on Amazon EMR – Hands On Workshop
1. MySQL RDS Server on AWS
A RDS Server is running on AWS with the following
configuration
> database: imc_db
> username: admin
> password: imcinstitute
>addr: imcinstitutedb.cmw65obdqfnx.us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com
[This address may change]

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1. country_tbl data
Testing data query from MySQL DB
Table name > country_tbl

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2. Installing Sqoop
# wget http://apache.osuosl.org/sqoop/1.4.5/sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-
1.0.0.tar.gz
# tar -xvzf sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-1.0.0.tar.gz
# sudo mv sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-1.0.0 /usr/local/
# rm sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-1.0.0

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Installing Sqoop
Edit $HOME ./bashrc
# sudo vi $HOME/.bashrc

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3. Configuring Sqoop
ubuntu@ip-172-31-12-11:~$ cd /usr/local/sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-
1.0.0/conf/
ubuntu@ip-172-31-12-11:~$ vi sqoop-env.sh

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4. Installing DB driver for Sqoop
ubuntu@ip-172-31-12-11:~$ cd /usr/local/sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-
1.0.0/lib/
ubuntu@ip-172-31-12-11:/usr/local/sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-1.0.05/lib$
wget
https://www.dropbox.com/s/6zrp5nerrwfixcj/mysql-connector-java-5.1.23-bin.jar
ubuntu@ip-172-31-12-11:/usr/local/sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-1.0.055/lib$
exit

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5. Importing data from MySQL to Hive Table
[hdadmin@localhost ~]$sqoop import --connect
jdbc:mysql://imcinstitutedb.cmw65obdqfnx.us-west-
2.rds.amazonaws.com/imc_db --username admin -P --table country_tbl
--hive-import --hive-table country -m 1
Warning: /usr/lib/hbase does not exist! HBase imports will fail.
Please set $HBASE_HOME to the root of your HBase installation.
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
Enter password: <enter here>

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6. Reviewing data from Hive Table

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7. Reviewing HDFS Database Table files
Start Web Browser to http://http://54.68.149.232:50070 then navigate to /user/hive/warehouse

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Sqoop commands

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Recommended Books

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www.facebook.com/imcinstitute

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Thank you
thanachart@imcinstitute.com
www.facebook.com/imcinstitute
www.slideshare.net/imcinstitute
www.thanachart.org