Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) was an American psychologist who was considered one of the most influential of the 20th century. He developed the theory of operant conditioning, which argues that behavior is determined by its consequences - positive reinforcement increases a behavior while negative reinforcement decreases it. Skinner invented devices like the operant conditioning chamber, also known as the Skinner box, to study behavior. He also invented teaching machines to automate the process of rewarding correct responses to reinforce learning. Skinner's work in behaviorism and operant conditioning had wide applications in psychology, education, and other fields.
The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development.
Though rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning.
His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.
Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors.
Trial & error learning Thorndike - VCE U4 PsychAndrew Scott
This 4 slide file accompanies a youtube clip (see www.ePsychVCE.com to access link to clip). It covers Thorndike's Puzzle box experiment an his infamous 'law of effect'
Behaviorism school of thought in psychologyNadeemShoukat3
Ishallah this video help you to comprehend about behaviorism school of thought, its major thinker, major experiment, advantages and disadvantages and much more
A Report in Soc. Sci. 412 (Understanding Human Behavior) under Dr. Vima Olivares in Filamer Christian University, Roxas City, Philippines (Summer 2014)
The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development.
Though rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning.
His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.
Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors.
Trial & error learning Thorndike - VCE U4 PsychAndrew Scott
This 4 slide file accompanies a youtube clip (see www.ePsychVCE.com to access link to clip). It covers Thorndike's Puzzle box experiment an his infamous 'law of effect'
Behaviorism school of thought in psychologyNadeemShoukat3
Ishallah this video help you to comprehend about behaviorism school of thought, its major thinker, major experiment, advantages and disadvantages and much more
A Report in Soc. Sci. 412 (Understanding Human Behavior) under Dr. Vima Olivares in Filamer Christian University, Roxas City, Philippines (Summer 2014)
Richard FeynmanInstitutionRichard Feynman was born on the .docxmalbert5
Richard Feynman
Institution
Richard Feynman was born on the eleventh day of May 1918, in Queens, New York City. His parents were Lucille nee Philips and Melvin Arthur Feynman who was a homemaker and a sales manager respectively, and they were both Lithuanian Jews. He attended Far Rockaway High School in Queens and enrolled in Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Princeton University as an adult. Feynman was a late bloomer, in other words, he was not able to talk until his third birthday, and when he did speak, and he developed a New York accent even as an adult. However, some of his friends teased him about this and also called him a "bum." He had a strict and straight to the point father who often urged him to think outside the box and challenge conventional thinking.
Furthermore, the father was always there for him, ready to teach him new things and test his intellect. The mother, on the other hand, was a calm and collected woman. Feynman gained a sense of humor from her which he maintained most of his adult life.
As a young kid, Feynman had a liking for engineering. He had an experimental laboratory built in his home where he repaired broken radios. At one point, Feynman created an alarm burglar system. Several years later, in 1941, Feynman was involved in the Manhattan project where he aided the engineers working there by devising safety procedures for material storage (Kelly, 2009). The Manhattan Project was an experiment done by Robert R. Wilson who sought to produce enriched Uranium for use in an atomic bomb. He also received a Ph.D. in 1942 from Princeton University. While alive, he was regarded as the brightest, powerful and radical individual especially in the era of post-world war II. While doing his Ph.D., he married his first wife Arline Greenbaum, who later died in 1945.
After the death of his wife, Richard occupied himself with the Manhattan project which he was introduced to by Robert Wilson. Hans Bethe made him the group leader and this mission formed a foundation for him. He calculated neutron equations for a water boiler to assess how close a particular assembly of fissile material was becoming critical. He later transferred to Oak Ridge where he helped engineers to calculate the safety procedures in storing documents. He then moved and worked in different places and capacities including Cornell University. In 1952, he married his second wife, Mary Louise. In 1965, Richard won the physics Nobel Prize, has changed the field of Quantum Mechanics and formulated the theory of quantum electrodynamics. Apart from physics, Richard was known for his good jokes and ever jovial mood.
Contributions of Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman is known for his work as a theoretical physicist. He made his mark as an original scientist, contributing to some jobs such as the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium (Gri.
Philosophy of science paper_A Melodrama of Politics, Science and ReligionMahesh Jakhotia
ABSTRACT: The aim of my project is to understand how religious, scientific and political
reasons shaped and inspired the theory of ‘Origin of life and universe’ in a progressive way
and to look it from a philosopher’s point of view. I also want to explore the aspect on what makes a radical idea like Darwin’s evolutionary theory which was different from the existing paradigm to be accepted amongst the scientific community.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
3. Born March 20th, 1904. Susquehanna, PA
B.A. in English Literature 1926
PHD from Harvard in 1931
Chair of Psychology Department at Indiana University from
1946-47
Returned to Harvard on 1948 as a professor
Published 21 books and numerous articles throughout his
life.
Considered most influential psychologist of the 20th century.
More Biographical Information
Biography
4. Study of Behavior as a science
Actions are determined and not free
Environmental causes for behavior
Operant Conditioning
A. A reinforcer must follow a response
B. The reinforcer must follow immediately
C. The reinforcer must be contingent on the response
Schedule of reinforcement
Positive and negative reinforcement
Theory – “Radical” Behaviorism
5. Operant Conditioning Chamber (The Skinner Box)
http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Skinner_box
Virtual Skinner Box
Skinner the Inventor
6. Air Crib (Baby Tender)
http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/obs
erver/2010/september-10/skinner-air-crib.html
Skinner the Inventor
7. Cumulative Recorder
Skinner the Inventor
http://web.mnstate.edu/malonech/Psy342/Terry%20Notes/Instrumental%20Cond.%20T4T5.htm
10. The Fun Part!
Visit the site below and select a game to play.
http://atari.com/arcade#!/arcade/atari-promo
How does this relate to Skinner’s work?
Game Design
Crafty or Creepy?
12. Thank You!
Tim Laubach, Program Director – Technology Services
Lancaster - Lebanon IU 13
1020 New Holland Avenue
Lancaster, PA 17601
Phone: 717-606-1720
Fax: 717-606-1990
IU 13: Service, Support, Solutions
Editor's Notes
Hi career goal earlier in life was to become a writer.
Based on his work at Harvard.
Project pigeon was to use trained pigeons to guide bombs by continuously pecking on the target. Replaced by radar.
Never worked with rats again as pigeons behave much more rapidly. Walden Two about a Utopian society. Communal properties.
OC = A response followed by a reinforcer is strengthened and is therefore more likely to occur again. Frequency increases.
Superstition in animal. Pigeon behavior. Pigeon vs rats
Urban Legand.
300 Children raised in them.
Automatically record behavior graphically. Its graphing mechanism consisted of a rotating drum of paper equipped with a marking needle. Consistent and accurate records of behavior.
Revolutionary. Could be reprogrammed.
WWII. The control system involved a lens at the front of the missile projecting an image of the target to a screen inside, while a pigeon trained (by operant conditioning) to recognize the target pecked at it. As long as the pecks remained in the center of the screen, the missile would fly straight, but pecks off-center would cause the screen to tilt, which would then, via a connection to the missile's flight controls, cause the missile to change course. Three pigeons were to control the bomb's direction by majority rule.
WWII. The control system involved a lens at the front of the missile projecting an image of the target to a screen inside, while a pigeon trained (by operant conditioning) to recognize the target pecked at it. As long as the pecks remained in the center of the screen, the missile would fly straight, but pecks off-center would cause the screen to tilt, which would then, via a connection to the missile's flight controls, cause the missile to change course. Three pigeons were to control the bomb's direction by majority rule.
