B.F. Skinner by Kimone, Chloe & Danielle
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B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist known for his work on operant conditioning. He invented the Skinner box to study behavior through positive and negative reinforcement. Using hungry rats in the Skinner box, Skinner found that they would learn to press a lever for food pellets, showing how positive reinforcement strengthens behaviors. Based on his experiments, Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, which argues that behaviors are shaped by their consequences in the environment rather than free will.
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B.F. Skinner
Burrus Frederic Skinner was an American psychologist who was a proponent of operant conditioning. He received his BA from Hamilton College and his masters and doctorate from Harvard. He is known for his work studying animal and human behavior through positive and negative reinforcement using devices like the Skinner Box. Some of his contributions include developing schedules of reinforcement and the technique of shaping behaviors. His work showed how behaviors are learned and reinforced through their consequences, which had important implications for understanding human learning and behavior.
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The document discusses the theory of behaviourism and some of its key proponents. Behaviourism argues that behaviour is the only objective thing that can be studied, not internal mental states. Some of the theorists discussed include Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner. Their work involved classical conditioning experiments with animals and humans to understand learning through stimulus-response associations and reinforcement.
Behaviorism Powerpoint
This document discusses the theory of behaviorism. It explains that behaviorism focuses on how environmental stimuli shape observable behaviors through conditioning principles without regard to mental processes. The two types of conditioning are operant conditioning, where behaviors are reinforced or punished, and classical conditioning, where a reflex response becomes associated with a neutral stimulus. Key figures who contributed to behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura. The document also provides examples of how teachers can apply behaviorism in their classrooms through reinforcement and punishment.
Classical and operant conditioning
This document provides an overview of classical and operant conditioning. It discusses how classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli through repeated pairing, as discovered by Ivan Pavlov, and identifies the key components of classical conditioning. It also defines operant conditioning as modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment based on consequences, as outlined by B.F. Skinner's experiments with rats pressing levers. The document further explains the concepts of reinforcement, both positive and negative, as well as punishment, both positive and negative, in operant conditioning.
Behaviorism Theory of Learning
The document discusses the behaviorist theory of learning. [1] Behaviorism assumes that learning is influenced by environmental stimuli and responses are reinforced through positive and negative consequences. [2] Important behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who studied classical conditioning in dogs, and B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment. [3] Teachers can apply behaviorist principles by breaking tasks into small steps, providing clear instructions, and using positive reinforcement.
Skinner
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on his behaviorist perspective. Operant conditioning examines how voluntary behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. Skinner believed behaviors that are reinforced through positive consequences will increase, while behaviors that face negative consequences will decrease. His work influenced the development of direct instruction and how instructional technology is now used in classrooms.
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
This document discusses classical and operant conditioning theories. It provides biographical information on Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner, who discovered classical and operant conditioning, respectively. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Operant conditioning is learning through rewards and punishments that reinforce or reduce behaviors. The document explains the key components of each theory, including unconditioned/conditioned stimuli and responses, reinforcement, and punishment.
Operant conditioning - skinner
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on his experiments using reward and punishment schedules with animals. He found that behaviors followed by rewarding consequences tended to be repeated, while behaviors followed by punishing consequences tended to decrease. Key aspects of operant conditioning include reinforcement, which increases behaviors; and punishment, which decreases behaviors. Skinner applied these principles to understanding complex learning in humans.
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B.F. Skinner
Burrus Frederic Skinner was an American psychologist who was a proponent of operant conditioning. He received his BA from Hamilton College and his masters and doctorate from Harvard. He is known for his work studying animal and human behavior through positive and negative reinforcement using devices like the Skinner Box. Some of his contributions include developing schedules of reinforcement and the technique of shaping behaviors. His work showed how behaviors are learned and reinforced through their consequences, which had important implications for understanding human learning and behavior.
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Behaviorism Powerpoint
This document discusses the theory of behaviorism. It explains that behaviorism focuses on how environmental stimuli shape observable behaviors through conditioning principles without regard to mental processes. The two types of conditioning are operant conditioning, where behaviors are reinforced or punished, and classical conditioning, where a reflex response becomes associated with a neutral stimulus. Key figures who contributed to behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura. The document also provides examples of how teachers can apply behaviorism in their classrooms through reinforcement and punishment.
Classical and operant conditioning
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Behaviorism Theory of Learning
The document discusses the behaviorist theory of learning. [1] Behaviorism assumes that learning is influenced by environmental stimuli and responses are reinforced through positive and negative consequences. [2] Important behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who studied classical conditioning in dogs, and B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment. [3] Teachers can apply behaviorist principles by breaking tasks into small steps, providing clear instructions, and using positive reinforcement.
Skinner
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on his behaviorist perspective. Operant conditioning examines how voluntary behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. Skinner believed behaviors that are reinforced through positive consequences will increase, while behaviors that face negative consequences will decrease. His work influenced the development of direct instruction and how instructional technology is now used in classrooms.
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This document discusses classical and operant conditioning theories. It provides biographical information on Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner, who discovered classical and operant conditioning, respectively. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Operant conditioning is learning through rewards and punishments that reinforce or reduce behaviors. The document explains the key components of each theory, including unconditioned/conditioned stimuli and responses, reinforcement, and punishment.
Operant conditioning - skinner
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on his experiments using reward and punishment schedules with animals. He found that behaviors followed by rewarding consequences tended to be repeated, while behaviors followed by punishing consequences tended to decrease. Key aspects of operant conditioning include reinforcement, which increases behaviors; and punishment, which decreases behaviors. Skinner applied these principles to understanding complex learning in humans.
Behaviorism theory
Major theorists in behaviorism include John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner, and Clark Hull. Behaviorism is based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, and can be studied systematically through interaction with the environment without consideration of internal mental states. The two major types of conditioning are classical conditioning, involving learned associations between stimuli, and operant conditioning, where behaviors are associated with consequences like rewards and punishments.
BF Skinner- Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on Edward Thorndike's law of effect. Operant conditioning is a learning process where voluntary behaviors are strengthened if followed by reinforcement or weakened if followed by punishment. Skinner used operant chambers to study how animals learn through consequences. Different reinforcement schedules, like continuous or partial reinforcement, produce different learning and performance rates. Accidental reinforcement can also cause superstitious behaviors. Punishment should only be used under certain circumstances. Operant conditioning principles can be applied to areas like education, work, and parenting.
ALBERT BANDURA Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory, also known as observational learning, emphasizes that learning occurs through observation of others. The theory proposes that people can learn new behaviors both by watching others perform behaviors and through the associated outcomes of those behaviors, without their own direct experiences. There are four main concepts of social learning theory: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Teachers can apply social learning theory in the classroom by having students observe and model behaviors, such as using adjectives in a descriptive writing lesson.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response. In Pavlov's famous experiment, dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, which was paired with the presentation of food. Over time, the bell became a conditioned stimulus that elicited the same salivation response as the unconditioned stimulus of food. Stimulus generalization can also occur, where similar stimuli to the conditioned one produce the same response. Extinction is when the conditioned response decreases and disappears without the unconditioned stimulus, but spontaneous recovery may occur later.
Behaviorism
behavioral theory formed the basis of most of the learning theory applied in child rearing and in classrooms. Parents and teachers still find that, in many instances, individuals do learn when provided with the appropriate blend of stimuli, rewards, negative reinforcement, and punishments. Especially with small children and simpler tasks, behavioral principles are often effective.
Eventually, however, educators began to feel that although stimulus-response does explain many human behaviors and has a legitimate place in instruction, behaviorism alone was not sufficient to explain all the phenomena observed in learning situations. The teacher’s are able to use this approach but they have to consider about the weaknesses and try to solve the weaknesses.
Skinner learning theory
Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning to explain how behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences. He identified reinforcement, punishment, and extinction as processes that influence whether behaviors increase or decrease. Skinner argued that behaviors can be shaped through differential reinforcement by gradually moving an organism closer to a desired behavior. Behavior modification techniques apply operant conditioning principles to change behaviors by reinforcing wanted actions and reducing unwanted ones.
Theory of Operant Conditioning - B F Skinner
Operant conditioning is a theory of learning developed by B.F. Skinner that states organisms learn by reinforcing behaviors that lead to desirable outcomes or avoiding undesirable ones. Skinner conducted experiments using rat cages and levers to show rats learned to press levers more frequently when rewarded with food. He distinguished between elicited responses controlled by stimuli and emitted operant behaviors that are reinforced. Operant conditioning involves reinforcing desired behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement to increase their frequency.
OPERANT CONDITIONING - SKINNER
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of behaviorism and operant conditioning. Operant conditioning looks at how behaviors are influenced by their consequences. Skinner showed that behaviors followed by positive reinforcement, like food rewards, will increase, while behaviors followed by punishment will decrease. He developed a Skinner box to experimentally demonstrate how rats learned behaviors that were reinforced. Operant conditioning principles can be applied to education by reinforcing desired student behaviors, like answering questions, with praise or approval, while ignoring unwanted behaviors.
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning involves associating stimuli to form automatic responses, while operant conditioning associates behaviors with consequences; B.F. Skinner expanded on Thorndike's law of effect through experiments using operant chambers to study how reinforcement and punishment shape behaviors under schedules like fixed-ratio and variable-interval reinforcement. Operant conditioning principles can be applied in education, sports, and work to modify behaviors through consequences.
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- Edward Thorndike introduced the theory of connectionism in 1889, which emphasized that learning strengthens stimulus-response connections through experience.
- Thorndike conducted experiments with cats in a puzzle box, observing that they escaped faster each time as they learned to associate manipulating a mechanism with escaping.
- Thorndike concluded that the connection between a response and stimulus is strengthened when the response results in a satisfying outcome, in accordance with his "law of effect."
learning and Behavioral Approaches to Learning
Learning can be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, or thinking skills that results from experience. There are two main behavioral approaches to learning: classical and operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. For example, in Pavlov's experiment with dogs, a bell (neutral stimulus) was associated with food (unconditioned stimulus) and came to elicit salivation (conditioned response). Operant conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing behaviors to increase or decrease their likelihood of occurring again. For instance, a teacher praising a student for asking good questions (positive reinforcement) makes that behavior more likely.
Operant conditioning theory
B.F. Skinner was an influential psychologist known for introducing the concept of operant conditioning. After studying English literature, he became interested in psychology through the writings of Watson and Pavlov. Skinner developed operant conditioning techniques using a Skinner box, where rats learn behaviors like lever pressing through reward and punishment. He spent much of his career at Harvard University developing and expanding on these behaviorist ideas and techniques.
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The document discusses the concept of learning. It provides definitions of learning from various scholars such as it being the acquisition of new behaviors or modification of existing behaviors through direct or indirect experiences. Learning results in relatively permanent changes in behavior and involves reconstructing experiences. The key characteristics of learning and elements involved like the learner, learning process, and environment are outlined. The document also discusses different types, domains, theories and process of learning.
classical conditioning and operant conditioning
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example of classical conditioning.
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Skinner
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. He believed that learning is based on consequences and that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on reinforcement and punishment. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning built upon Thorndike's law of effect and introduced the concept of reinforcement. Operant conditioning focuses on how voluntary behaviors are influenced by environmental consequences and can be used to shape behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement or punishment. Skinner's theory has influenced instructional methods like direct instruction and the use of technology in education.
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B.f.skinner
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist born in 1904 who developed the theory of operant conditioning. He believed that behavior is shaped by its consequences through reinforcement or punishment. Skinner conducted experiments using Skinner boxes to demonstrate how schedules of reinforcement can modify behavior. His work showed how intermittent reinforcement can encourage persistent behaviors like gambling. Skinner also developed the technique of shaping to gradually modify behaviors through reinforcement. His research influenced education and how behaviors are learned through reinforcement and punishment.
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Major theorists in behaviorism include John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner, and Clark Hull. Behaviorism is based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, and can be studied systematically through interaction with the environment without consideration of internal mental states. The two major types of conditioning are classical conditioning, involving learned associations between stimuli, and operant conditioning, where behaviors are associated with consequences like rewards and punishments.
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B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on Edward Thorndike's law of effect. Operant conditioning is a learning process where voluntary behaviors are strengthened if followed by reinforcement or weakened if followed by punishment. Skinner used operant chambers to study how animals learn through consequences. Different reinforcement schedules, like continuous or partial reinforcement, produce different learning and performance rates. Accidental reinforcement can also cause superstitious behaviors. Punishment should only be used under certain circumstances. Operant conditioning principles can be applied to areas like education, work, and parenting.
ALBERT BANDURA Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory, also known as observational learning, emphasizes that learning occurs through observation of others. The theory proposes that people can learn new behaviors both by watching others perform behaviors and through the associated outcomes of those behaviors, without their own direct experiences. There are four main concepts of social learning theory: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Teachers can apply social learning theory in the classroom by having students observe and model behaviors, such as using adjectives in a descriptive writing lesson.
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Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response. In Pavlov's famous experiment, dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, which was paired with the presentation of food. Over time, the bell became a conditioned stimulus that elicited the same salivation response as the unconditioned stimulus of food. Stimulus generalization can also occur, where similar stimuli to the conditioned one produce the same response. Extinction is when the conditioned response decreases and disappears without the unconditioned stimulus, but spontaneous recovery may occur later.
Behaviorism
behavioral theory formed the basis of most of the learning theory applied in child rearing and in classrooms. Parents and teachers still find that, in many instances, individuals do learn when provided with the appropriate blend of stimuli, rewards, negative reinforcement, and punishments. Especially with small children and simpler tasks, behavioral principles are often effective.
Eventually, however, educators began to feel that although stimulus-response does explain many human behaviors and has a legitimate place in instruction, behaviorism alone was not sufficient to explain all the phenomena observed in learning situations. The teacher’s are able to use this approach but they have to consider about the weaknesses and try to solve the weaknesses.
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Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning to explain how behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences. He identified reinforcement, punishment, and extinction as processes that influence whether behaviors increase or decrease. Skinner argued that behaviors can be shaped through differential reinforcement by gradually moving an organism closer to a desired behavior. Behavior modification techniques apply operant conditioning principles to change behaviors by reinforcing wanted actions and reducing unwanted ones.
Theory of Operant Conditioning - B F Skinner
Operant conditioning is a theory of learning developed by B.F. Skinner that states organisms learn by reinforcing behaviors that lead to desirable outcomes or avoiding undesirable ones. Skinner conducted experiments using rat cages and levers to show rats learned to press levers more frequently when rewarded with food. He distinguished between elicited responses controlled by stimuli and emitted operant behaviors that are reinforced. Operant conditioning involves reinforcing desired behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement to increase their frequency.
OPERANT CONDITIONING - SKINNER
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of behaviorism and operant conditioning. Operant conditioning looks at how behaviors are influenced by their consequences. Skinner showed that behaviors followed by positive reinforcement, like food rewards, will increase, while behaviors followed by punishment will decrease. He developed a Skinner box to experimentally demonstrate how rats learned behaviors that were reinforced. Operant conditioning principles can be applied to education by reinforcing desired student behaviors, like answering questions, with praise or approval, while ignoring unwanted behaviors.
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning involves associating stimuli to form automatic responses, while operant conditioning associates behaviors with consequences; B.F. Skinner expanded on Thorndike's law of effect through experiments using operant chambers to study how reinforcement and punishment shape behaviors under schedules like fixed-ratio and variable-interval reinforcement. Operant conditioning principles can be applied in education, sports, and work to modify behaviors through consequences.
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Positive reinforcement. Wearing makeup is being reinforced by receiving attention from others.
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- Thorndike conducted experiments with cats in a puzzle box, observing that they escaped faster each time as they learned to associate manipulating a mechanism with escaping.
- Thorndike concluded that the connection between a response and stimulus is strengthened when the response results in a satisfying outcome, in accordance with his "law of effect."
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Learning can be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, or thinking skills that results from experience. There are two main behavioral approaches to learning: classical and operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. For example, in Pavlov's experiment with dogs, a bell (neutral stimulus) was associated with food (unconditioned stimulus) and came to elicit salivation (conditioned response). Operant conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing behaviors to increase or decrease their likelihood of occurring again. For instance, a teacher praising a student for asking good questions (positive reinforcement) makes that behavior more likely.
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B.F. Skinner was an influential psychologist known for introducing the concept of operant conditioning. After studying English literature, he became interested in psychology through the writings of Watson and Pavlov. Skinner developed operant conditioning techniques using a Skinner box, where rats learn behaviors like lever pressing through reward and punishment. He spent much of his career at Harvard University developing and expanding on these behaviorist ideas and techniques.
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The document discusses the concept of learning. It provides definitions of learning from various scholars such as it being the acquisition of new behaviors or modification of existing behaviors through direct or indirect experiences. Learning results in relatively permanent changes in behavior and involves reconstructing experiences. The key characteristics of learning and elements involved like the learner, learning process, and environment are outlined. The document also discusses different types, domains, theories and process of learning.
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example of classical conditioning.
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Skinner
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. He believed that learning is based on consequences and that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on reinforcement and punishment. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning built upon Thorndike's law of effect and introduced the concept of reinforcement. Operant conditioning focuses on how voluntary behaviors are influenced by environmental consequences and can be used to shape behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement or punishment. Skinner's theory has influenced instructional methods like direct instruction and the use of technology in education.
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This document provides an overview of behaviorism, a branch of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli. It discusses key theorists like Watson, Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner and experiments they conducted on conditioning. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus to create a conditioned response. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment to shape behaviors. The document also briefly evaluates behaviorism, noting both its scientific advantages and limitations in only considering observable behaviors.
Behaviorist Learning Theory
- Behaviorism is a theory of learning based on conditioning through interactions with the environment. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit the same response, as shown through Pavlov's dog experiments. Operant conditioning, developed by Skinner, demonstrates that behaviors followed by reinforcement will be repeated, while behaviors followed by punishment will not. Behaviorism provides frameworks used in physical therapy to shape patients' behaviors through reinforcement of positive responses.
Introductory Psychology: Learning Part II (Operant)
lecture 19 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, operant conditioning
Superstitious Pigeons
The document summarizes an experiment by B.F. Skinner where he placed pigeons in his Operant Conditioning Chamber and dropped food into the box at random times regardless of the pigeons' behavior. The pigeons soon began displaying consistent but odd behaviors like circling or spinning, which Skinner concluded showed they had developed superstitious associations between their actions and receiving food, even though their behaviors did not influence the food drops.
Skinner
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. He believed that learning is based on consequences and that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on reinforcement and punishment. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning built upon Thorndike's law of effect and introduced the concept of reinforcement. Operant conditioning focuses on how voluntary behaviors are influenced by environmental consequences and can be used to shape behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement or punishment. Skinner's theory has influenced instructional methods like direct instruction and the use of technology in education.
Operant Conditioning Theory 5 W's & 1H
Operant conditioning is a method of learning through rewards and punishments that associates a behavior with a consequence. American psychologist B.F. Skinner invented operant conditioning theory in 1983 at Harvard University by studying rats in experiments where food was dispensed at varying intervals. Operant conditioning can be seen working all around us, such as children completing homework to earn rewards or employees finishing projects for praise or promotions.
John watson (1)
This document provides biographical information about John Broadus Watson, the founder of behaviorism. It summarizes that Watson grew up poor in South Carolina and received his master's degree from Furman University at age 21. In 1913, he published his behaviorist manifesto arguing that psychology should focus only on observable behaviors. He is best known for his "Little Albert" experiment in 1920 which demonstrated classical conditioning by conditioning an infant to fear a white rat. The document provides context on behaviorism and influences on Watson's work such as Ivan Pavlov.
Theory of learning
This document summarizes three theories of learning: trial and error learning proposed by E.L. Thorndike, insightful learning proposed by Wolfgang Kohler, and conditional learning proposed by Ivan Pavlov and Sigmund Freud. It describes experiments conducted by Thorndike with cats in puzzle boxes, by Kohler with monkeys solving problems by gaining sudden insights, and by Pavlov conditioning dogs to salivate in response to stimuli. The document provides details of these classic experiments and the conclusions drawn about different types of learning.
IB Psychology SL Study Guide
The biological perspective views behavior and mental processes as ultimately resulting from physiological and genetic factors. Key concepts include localization of brain function, with different areas controlling processes like speech, vision, and hearing. The brain is also lateralized, with the left and right hemispheres specialized for different tasks. Biological rhythms like the circadian rhythm regulate sleep-wake cycles through mechanisms like the body clock and the pineal gland. Theories of sleep propose functions like restoration, memory consolidation, and energy conservation from an evolutionary perspective. Dreaming may aid in clearing useless memories according to some theories.
IB Psychology SL Study Guide
The biological perspective views behavior and mental processes as ultimately resulting from physiological and genetic factors. Key concepts include localization of brain function, with different areas controlling processes like speech, vision, and hearing. The brain is also lateralized, with the left and right hemispheres specialized for different tasks. Biological rhythms like the circadian rhythm regulate sleep-wake cycles through mechanisms like the body clock and the pineal gland. Theories of sleep propose functions like restoration, memory consolidation, and energy conservation from an evolutionary perspective. Dreaming may aid in clearing useless memories according to some theories.
Skinner
1. B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who pioneered the concept of operant conditioning. He rejected the notion of free will and sought to explain behavior solely based on environmental stimuli and consequences.
2. Skinner developed his theory of operant conditioning which posits that behavior is shaped by its consequences - behaviors that are rewarded tend to be repeated, while behaviors that are punished tend to decrease. He identified positive and negative reinforcement as ways to strengthen behaviors.
3. Skinner had a large influence on psychology with his approach of radical behaviorism which focused only on observable behaviors and their causes, rejecting hypothetical mental constructs. He emphasized shaping behavior through reinforcement and conditioning techniques.
Learning Theories
All things should be looked at from the perspective of behaviour.
And it doesn’t matter what is going on in the mind, it just matters what the behaviour
So there is no difference in the behaviourist mind between external behaviour and internal thoughts.
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Lee Thorndike
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
History of Psychology
The document discusses the history of psychology and outlines different perspectives on the origins of human knowledge and capabilities. It describes the nativist view proposed by Descartes that humans are born with innate understanding versus the empiricist view of John Locke that knowledge comes from experience. The document then summarizes key figures and developments in the fields of philosophy, physiology, and the emergence of scientific psychology with pioneers like Wundt, James, Freud, Pavlov, Skinner, and Rogers. It also covers the history of psychology in different countries.
Similar to B.F. Skinner by Kimone, Chloe & Danielle (13)
Introductory Psychology: Learning Part II (Operant)
Introductory Psychology: Learning Part II (Operant)
B.F. Skinner by Kimone, Chloe & Danielle
- 1. B. F Skinner Background Information Burrhus Frederic Skinner- American Psychologist, Behaviourist, Author, Inventor and Social Philosopher Born March 20th 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania- Died August 18th 1990 from leukaemia. A few days before he died he was presented with a lifetime achievement award by the American psychological association. He went to Harvard University after getting his B.A in English Literature He invented the operant conditioning chamber also known as the Skinner box whilst in university. This is an experiment in which analyses behaviour. In 1936 he married a woman called Yvonne Blue and they had two daughters called Julie and Deborah
- 2. Theory • B.F. Skinner believed that behaviour is extremely nurture; as all behaviour can be learnt and shaped by punishment and rewards. Therefore, behaviour is reinforced by consequences and sequences of event which reinforced the idea that human‟s free will is only an illusion to society and that human action are results of consequences. Skinner uses an operant conditioning chamber also known as the Skinner box to test his theory.
- 3. Skinner Box Experiment • Skinner showed how positive reinforcement worked by placing a hungry rat in the „Skinner box‟. The box contained a lever in the side and as the rat moved about the box it would accidentally knock the lever. Immediately as the rat knocked the lever a food pellet would drop into a container next to the lever. The rats quickly learned to go straight to the lever after a few times of being put in the box. The consequence of receiving food if they pressed the lever ensured that they would repeat the action again and again.
- 4. Operant Conditioning • B.F Skinner believed that the best way to understand behaviour was to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. Skinner called this approach operant conditioning. • The theory of operant conditioning was based on the work of Thorndike(1905). The theory known as the „Law Of Effect‟ was created by Edward Thorndike. Edward Thorndike studied learning in animals using a puzzle box which is the theory „Law Of Effect‟. • Skinner is regarded as the father of Operant Conditioning, however his work was based on Thorndike‟s law of effect. • A new term was introduced into the law of effect by Skinner. The new term was called reinforcement. • Behaviour that is reinforced usually is repeated meaning it is strengthen but behaviour which is not reinforced tends to die out meaning it is weakened. • Skinner (1948) studied operant conditioning by conducting experiments using animals which he placed in a “Skinner Box”.