COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus that can cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS. It is transmitted through droplets from coughing or sneezing and contact with contaminated surfaces. Those at higher risk include the elderly, immunocompromised, and people with preexisting medical conditions. The virus attaches to receptors on cells and uses the cell's machinery to replicate. This can trigger an excessive immune response and release of cytokines. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and death. Diagnosis is through PCR testing, chest CT, and lab tests showing increased inflammatory markers and liver enzymes. Treatment is supportive and may include antiviral drugs and steroids. Prevention focuses on handwashing

1. COVID-19
Presented By:
Dhan Lal Pandey
BED,BPH, General Medicine

2.  Family: Corona Viruses
 RNA Genomed virus
 The full form of COVID-19 is CO-VI-D-19 where CO
means Corona, VI means Virus, D means Diagnosis, 19
means 2019
 Zoonotic disease specially from cats, camels, Bats
 Infection ranges from common cold to MERS(Middle
East Respiratory Syndrome), SARS(Severe Acute
Respiratory syndrome)
Introduction

3.  2-12 days (Average 5th day)
Incubation Period

4.  Droplet infection (Cough and sneeze)
 Surface like desk, door, table and other equipment's
etc.
Spread

5. i. Immuno-compromised individual
ii. Chronic disorders:- Bronchial asthma, Diabetes,
hypertension/ Cardiovascular disorders
iii. Old age people
iv. People have Malignancy
v. Male are more risk than female
More Risk Population

6. Virus attached to specific cellular receptors via the spike
protein
Transformational change, leading to fusion between the
viral and cell membrane
Alteration of DNA and production of protein and certain
enzymes
Alteration of cellular function and reproduction
Release of excess cytokines and chemokines
Increased in acute phase (ESR, CRP)
Release of nucleocapsid into the cell, Transcription and
translation takes place
Pathogenesis

7. SARS,
Fulminant
Myocarditis
Causes of
death due to
complication
Continuous
Pathogenesis
Hyper-inflammation

8. Ranges from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and death
I. Fever
II. Dry cough
III. Fatigue
IV. Sputum production
V. Shortness of breath
VI. Myalgia or arthralgia
VII. Sore throat
VIII. headache
IX. Chills
X. Nausea and vomiting
XI. Nasal congestion
XII. Diarrhoea
XIII. Hemoptysis
XIV. Conjunctival congestion
Clinical Features

9.  WBC count may vary leucopenia/ leucocytosis
 Decreased lymphocytes count
 Increased LDH due to affinity of cytokines for cardiac
tissue
 Increased ferritin level
 Increased AST, ALT
 Increased ESR, D-Dimer, Procalcitonin
 Virus conformed by PCR technique
Screening/Laboratory analysis

10.  CT-Chest
 Ground glass opacification for consolidation
 B/L peripheral involvement specially lower lobe
 Culture: not done for precaution purpose
Imaging

11. Supportive treatment
I. Maintain ABC
II. Ventilation if required
III. Isolation to prevent spread
IV. Correction of electrolytes imbalance
V. Correct temperature
Treatment

12. Antiviral drugs: lopinavir, ritonavir, favilavir, remdesivir
etc.
Antimalarial drugs:- chloroquine also using
Steroid therapy: if needed
* There is no certain specific treatment protocal
published by WHO
Medical Treatment

13. I. Drink only bottled water
II. Eat only cooked foods
III. Use masks to protect your respiratory system
IV. Ventilate the area more often
V. Wash your hands more often at least 20 Second
VI. Do not visit markets selling animal meat and seafood
VII. Do not attend animal cultural event
VIII. Clarify the epidemiological situational when planning a trip
IX. Avoid touching your eye, mouth and nose
X. Avoid hugging and shaking hand do Namaste
XI. Cover your cough and sneeze
XII. Avoid crowds
XIII. Stay updated
XIV. Support to the all initiatives
Prophylaxis