2. ASSUMPTIONS
• Behavior is shaped through controlling of punishments
and rewards on a person
• All behaviour is a function of conditioning/ programming
• Described behaviour under operant conditioning
3. OPERANT CONDITIONING
• It involves applying reinforcement or punishment after a
behaviour
• Focuses on strengthening or weakening voluntary
behaviors
• Through this process, an association is formed between
the behaviour and the consequences for that behaviour.
4. Principles of operant conditioning
• REINFORCEMENT
Positive reinforcement- it strengthens the behaviour
through APPLICATION of desirable stimulus on the
organism after a desirable behaviour. It can be verbal
not necessarily physical (money) as it can lead to
fixation.
Negative reinforcement- it strengthens behaviour
through REMOVAL of undesirable stimulus on the
organism after the desirable behaviour has occurred so
that the organism will keep repeating the desirable
behaviour voluntarily and consciously.
5. cont. of principles of O. C
• PUNISHMENT- designed to weaken unpleasant
behavior
Positive punishment- APPLICATION of undesirable
stimulus on the organism after undesirable behaviour
has occurred.
Negative punishment- REMOVAL of desirable stimulus
from an organism after undesirable behaviour has
occurred.
