Bridge bearings are used to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure while allowing movements. Traditional bearings included pin, roller, rocker, and sliding metal bearings. Pin bearings allow rotation but not translation. Roller bearings allow longitudinal movement and restrict lateral and rotational movement using gearing. Rocker and pin bearings are used in steel bridges as they accommodate both rotational and translational movements. Sliding bearings use low-friction materials like PTFE to allow translation. Modern bearings include pot, laminated elastomeric, lead-rubber, and plain elastomeric bearings. AASHTO guidelines provide criteria for selecting suitable bearings based on required movements and load resistances
The dynamic behavior of structures is an important topic in many fields. Aerospace engineers must understand dynamics to simulate space vehicles and airplanes, while mechanical engineers must understand dynamics to isolate or control the vibration of machinery. In civil engineering, an understanding of structural dynamics is important in the design and retrofit of structures to withstand severe dynamic loading from earthquakes, hurricanes, and strong winds, or to identify the occurrence and location of damage within an existing structure.
International Bridge Design Standards and ApproachesAIT Solutions
Workshop under the Capacity Building Programme of the Southern Road Connectivity Project / Expressway Connectivity Improvement Plan Project, March 2016
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
Sheet Piles; Advantages, Types and Methods - Sheet piles are commonly used for retaining walls, land reclamation, underground structures such as car parks and basements, in marine locations for riverbank protection, seawalls, cofferdams, and so on
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) is a binder course used for roads with more number of heavy commercial vehicles and a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent.
The dynamic behavior of structures is an important topic in many fields. Aerospace engineers must understand dynamics to simulate space vehicles and airplanes, while mechanical engineers must understand dynamics to isolate or control the vibration of machinery. In civil engineering, an understanding of structural dynamics is important in the design and retrofit of structures to withstand severe dynamic loading from earthquakes, hurricanes, and strong winds, or to identify the occurrence and location of damage within an existing structure.
International Bridge Design Standards and ApproachesAIT Solutions
Workshop under the Capacity Building Programme of the Southern Road Connectivity Project / Expressway Connectivity Improvement Plan Project, March 2016
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
Sheet Piles; Advantages, Types and Methods - Sheet piles are commonly used for retaining walls, land reclamation, underground structures such as car parks and basements, in marine locations for riverbank protection, seawalls, cofferdams, and so on
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) is a binder course used for roads with more number of heavy commercial vehicles and a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent.
Started to create milestones, we ameenji rubber private limited marked our presence in the year 1997 and operates in the manufacturing/servicing of rubber and rubber products since 55 years.Our quality services/products have always won us many appreciations from our clients. Our spontaneous performance and confident approach in offering the excellent range of elastomeric bridge bearings, bridge expansion joints, rubber sheets and made to order rubber moulded parts and extruded profiles that has made us to deepen our roots in the market.We ameenji rubber private limited breathe with the aim to satisfy our clients with our smart products/services.We are a unit of highly experienced professionals who all contribute best of their potentials to offer high efficiency.
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this presentation shows that the bearing of a bridge. what is the type of bearing used? category of bridge describe. know about the significance of bridge. why bearing is essential.
Our bearings rotate in the most demanding and efficient machines throughout Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa. We devised our corporate strategies considering global industrial trends and needs. We supply high-quality of various types of bearings from our manufacturing facilities in USA and Europe, to clients in over 40 countries.
PPT on BALL SCREW TECHNOLOGY
A ball screw uses ball bearings to eliminate the friction between the nut and screw and lead screws do not. The screw and nut on a ball screw have matching helical grooves that allow ball bearings to re-circulate in those races and are typically semi-circular in shape to accept the spherical ball bearing. Lead screws use deeper helical threads and a mating nut, which is usually made of a polymer composite or bronze.
The rolling nature of ball screws eliminates the sliding friction associated with lead
screws.
Topics Covered:
THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF BALL SCREWS.
BASIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEAD SCREWS VS BALL SCREWS.
PRINCIPLE OF BALL SCREW.
PARTS OF BALL SCREW.
PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING BALL SCREW.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BALL SCREWS AND APPLICATION EXAMPLES.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
3. Bridge Bearings
Function Of Bearings
• Bridge bearings are used to transfer forces
from the superstructure to the substructure,
allowing the following types of movements of
the superstructure:
• Translational movements; and
• Rotational movements
3
4. Bridge Bearings
Until the middle of this century, the bearings used
consisted of following types:
• Pin
• Roller
• Rocker
• Metal sliding bearings
4
5. Pin Bearing
• A pin bearing is a type of fixed bearings that
accommodates rotations through the use of a steel
• Translational movements are not allowed.
• The pin at the top is composed of upper and lower
semi-circularly recessed surfaces with a solid circular
pin placed between.
• Usually, there are caps at both ends of the pin to keep
the pin from sliding off the seats and to resist uplift
loads if required.
• The upper plate is connected to the sole plate by
either bolting or welding. The lower curved plate sits
on the masonry plate.
5
6. Pin Bearing
6
Steel Pin
• Rotational Movement is allowed
• Lateral and Translational Movements are Restricted
7. Roller Type Bearings
7
Multiple Roller Bearing
Single Roller Bearing
• AASHTO requires that expansion rollers be equipped with “substantial side bars”
and be guided by gearing or other means to prevent lateral movement, skewing,
and creeping (AASHTO 10.29.3).
• A general drawback to this type of bearing is its tendency to collect
dust
and debris.
8. Roller Type Bearings
8
Roller Type Bearing with Gear Arrangement
• Longitudinal movements are allowed
• Lateral Movements and Rotations are Restricted
9. 9
Rocker Type Bearing
• A rocker bearing is a type of expansion bearing that comes in a great
variety.
• It typically consists of a pin at the top that facilitates rotations, and a
curved surface at the bottom that accommodates the translational
movements
• Rocker and pin bearings are primarily used in steel bridges.
10. 10
Sliding Bearings
• A sliding bearing utilizes one plane metal
plate sliding against another to
accommodate translations.
• The sliding bearing surface produces a
frictional force that is applied to the
superstructure, substructure, and the
bearing itself.
• To reduce this friction force, PTFE
(polytetrafluoroethylene) is often used as a
sliding lubricating material. PTFE is
sometimes referred to as Teflon, named
after a widely used brand of PTFE
11. 11
Sliding Bearings
• Sliding Bearings be used alone or more often used as a component in other
types of bearings
• Pure sliding bearings can only be used when the rotations caused by the
deflection at the supports are negligible. They are therefore limited to a span
length of 15 m or less by ASHTTO [10.29.1.1]
12. 12
Knuckle Pinned Bearing
• It is special form of Roller Bearing in which the Knuckle pin is provided for easy
rocking. A knuckle pin is inserted between the top and bottom casting. The top
casting is attached to the Bridge superstructure, while the bottom casting rests on a
series of rollers
• Knuckle pin bearing can accommodate large movements and can accommodate
sliding as well as rotational movement
15. 15
Pot Bearings
• A POT BEARING consists of a shallow steel cylinder,
or pot, on a vertical axis with a neoprene disk which
is slightly thinner than the cylinder and fitted tightly
inside.
• A steel piston fits inside the cylinder and bears on
the neoprene.
• Flat brass rings are used to seal the rubber between
the piston and the pot.
• The rubber behaves like a viscous fluid flowing as
rotation may occur.
• Since the bearing will not resist bending moments, it
must be provided with an even bridge seat.
18. 18
Laminated Elastomeric Bearings
• consist of a laminated elastomeric bearing
equipped with a lead cylinder at thecenter
of the bearing.
• The function of the rubber-steel laminated
portion of the bearing is to carry the weight
of the structure and provide post-yield
elasticity.
• The lead core is designed to deform
plastically, thereby providing damping
energy dissipation.
• Lead rubber bearings are used in seismically
active areas because of their performance
under earthquake loads.
20. 20
Selection of Bearing Type
• AASHTO LRFD provides guidelines for selection of suitable
bearings for bridges as per requirements in Table 14.6.2-1
21. 21
Selection of Bearing Type
Long Trans Long Trans Vert Long Trans Vert S L R U
L L S S L L L L 2 6 0 0 18
S S S S L L L L 4 4 0 0 20
U U U U U L L S 1 2 0 5 7
S S S S L L L S 5 3 0 0 21
S S U U S R R S 4 0 2 2 14
R R S S S R R S 4 0 4 0 16
R R U S U R R S 2 0 4 2 10
R R S S L S R S 4 1 3 0 17
R R S S U R R S 3 0 4 1 13
R R S S L S S S 5 1 2 0 19
S U U S U U R S 3 0 1 4 10
U U U S U S R S 3 0 1 4 10
S U U S U U R S 3 0 1 4 10
S U U U U U U S 2 0 0 6 6
Score Rank
Type of Bearing
S = suitable, U = unsuitable, L = suitable for limited applications, R = may be suitable, but requires special considerations or additional
elements such as slider or guideways.
Bearing Suitability:
Disk bearing
Pot bearing
Rocker bearing
AASHTO Table 14.6.2-1
Axis indicated
Single roller bearing
Multiple roller bearing
Rotation about bridge
Resistance to Loads
Curved sliding spherical
bearing
Curved sliding cylindrical
bearing
Double cylindrical bearing
Knuckle pinned bearing
Fiberglass reinforced pad
Cotton duck reinforced pad
Steel-reinforced elastomeric
bearing
Plane sliding bearing
Movement
Plain elastomeric pad