The document provides details on the design of a reinforced concrete column footing to support a column load of 1100kN from a 400mm square column. It describes the design process which includes determining the footing size, calculating bending moment, reinforcement requirements, checking shear capacity and development length. The design example shows a 3.5m x 3.5m square footing with 12mm diameter bars at 100mm c/c is adequate to support the given load based on the specified material properties and design codes. Reinforcement and footing details are also provided.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
good for engineering students
to get deep knowledge about design of singly reinforced beam by working stress method.
see and learn about rcc structure....................................................
good for engineering students
to get deep knowledge about design of singly reinforced beam by working stress method.
see and learn about rcc structure....................................................
Analysis and Design of Residential building.pptxDP NITHIN
Complete introduction to the design and design concepts, design of structural
members like slabs, beams, columns, footing etc. along with their calculation and
Detailing through structural drawings.
Gantry girder
Gantry girder or crane girder hand operated or electrically operated overhead cranes in industrial building such as factories, workshops, steel works, etc. to lift heavy materials, equipment etc. and carry them from one location to other , within the building
The GANTRY GIRDER spans between brackets attached to columns, which may either be of steel or reinforced concrete. Thus the span of gantry girder is equal to centre to centre spacing of columns. The rails are mounted on gantry girders.
Loads acting on gantry girder
Gantry girder, having no lateral support in its length (laterally unsupported) has to withstand the following loads:
1. Vertical loads from crane :
Self weight of crane girder
Hook load
Weight of crab (trolley)
2. Impact load from crane :
As the load is lifted using the crane hook and moved from one place to another, and released at the required place, an impact is felt on the gantry girder.
3. Longitudinal horizontal force (Drag force) :
This is caused due to the starting and stopping of the crane girder moving over the crane rails, as the crane girder moves longitudinally, i.e. in the direction of gantry girder.
This force is also known as braking force, or drag force.
This force is taken equal to 5% of the static wheel loads for EOT or hand operated cranes.
4. Lateral load (Surge load) :
Lateral forces are caused due to sudden starting or stopping of the crab when moving over the crane girder.
Lateral forces are also caused when the crane is dragging weights across the' floor of the shop.
Types of gantry girders
Depending upon the span and crane capacity, there can be many forms of gantry girders. Some commonly used forms are shows in fig .
Rolled steel beams with or without plates, channels or angles are normally used for spans up to 8m and for cranes up to 50kN capacity.
Plate girder are suitable up to span 6 to 10 m.
Plate girder with channels, angles, etc. can be used for spans more than 10m
Box girder are used foe spans more than 12m.
this slide will clear all the topics and problem related to singly reinforced beam by limit state method, things are explained with diagrams , easy to understand .
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
Isolated footing design
1. FOR 5TH SEMESTER DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CONCEPTs AND PROBLEMS
DESIGN OF RCC COLUMN FOOTING
2. Learning Outcomes:
1. Concept of column footings.
2. Design criteria.
3. Design steps for column footing.
4. Reinforcement detailing.
3. Column footing:
RCC columns are supported by the foundation structures which are
located below the ground level are called footings.
Purpose of Footings:
1) To support the upper structure.
2) To transfer the Loads and moments safely to subsoil.
3) Footings are designed to resist the bending moment and shear
forces developed due to soil reaction.
S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
5. Isolated footing.
The footings which are provided below the column
independently are called as isolated footings.
This type of footing may be square ,
rectangular or circular in section
Isolated footing consists of thick slab which
may be flat or sloped or stepped.
S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
P
6. The structural design of the footing includes the design of
1) Depth of footing
2) Reinforcement requirement
3) Check on serviceability
S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
9. Design Considerations:
Minimum reinforcement : (As per IS456:2000, clause 26.5.2.1&2
The mild steel reinforcement in either direction in slabs shall not be
less than 0.15 percent of the total cross sectional area. However,
this value can be reduced to 0.12 percent when high strength
deformed bars or welded wire fabric are used
The diameter of reinforcing bars shall not exceed one eight of the
total thickness of the slab.
S.J.(Govt.) POLYTECHNIC BENGALURU
12. ..IS456:2000.pdf
When the depth required for the above development length or the
other causes is very large, it is more economical to adopt a stepped or
sloped footing so as to reduce the amount of concrete that should go
into the footing.
SHEAR:
1. One way shear(Wide beam Shear):
One way shear is similar to Bending shear in slabs considering the
footing as a wide beam. Shear is taken along the vertical plane
extending the full width of the base
Lowest value of allowable shear in Table 13 of IS 456:2000
Is 0.35N/mm2 is recommended.
16. 3. Bending Moment for Design:
Consider the entire footing as
cantilever beam from the face of
The column and calculate the
BM.
Calculate span for the
cantilever portion (Hashed portion)
= plx
𝑙
2
=
𝑝𝑙2
2
Substitute l=[(B-D)/2]
Mxx= p (
𝐵−𝐷
2
)2 x
1
2
This is BM for 1m width of the beam
17. DESIGN STEPS:
1. Assume self weight of footing =0.1p
Total load w= P+0.1P
2. Area of footing required, A =
𝑤
𝑆𝐵𝐶
For square footing, Size of footing = 𝐴
For Rectangular footing, assume L
LxB=A
Provide L x B square footing,
Total Area = _ _ _ _ _ m2
19. 5. Effective depth :
d required =
Mu
0.138 x fckx b
increase depth for 1.75 to 2 times more than calculated value for shear
considerations.
6. Area of tension reinforcement :
Mu = 0.87fy Astd(1-
Ast fy
bdfck
)
This is a quadratic equation, calculate the value for Ast and consider the
minimum of values
Area of steel per m = Ast /span = _ _ _mm2
20. Assume diameter bars
Area of one bar ast=
π x 𝑑𝑖𝑎2
4
= _ _ _ mm2
Spacing of reinforcement , S =
1000 ast
Ast
7) Check for one way shear :
The critical section is taken at a distance “d” away from the face of the
column y-y axis.
Shear force per m,
Vu = p x B x [(
L−D
2
)-d]
21. Nominal Shear stress,𝜏 𝑣 =
𝑉 𝑢
𝑏𝑑
=_ _ _N/mm2
Percentage steel =
100Ast
𝐵𝑑
= pt?
Refer table No. 19 of IS 456:2000 for 𝜏 𝑐
𝜏 𝑐 = _ _ _N/mm2
𝜏v should be less than 𝜏 𝑐,
design is safe against one way shear.
𝜏v < 𝜏 𝑐
22. 8) Check for two way shear :
The critical section is taken at a distance
“d/2” away from the faces of the column
Shear force per m,
Vu = p x [A-(0.4+0.5)2]
Nominal Shear stress, 𝜏 𝑣=
Vu
b0
d
b0 = perimeter = 4( D + d)
Maximum shear stress permitted
𝜏 𝑐=0.25 𝑓 𝑐𝑘
𝜏 𝑐 should be greater than 𝜏v , Then design is safe against Punching shear /
two way shear.
23. 9) Development Length
Ld =
fsx dia of bar
4𝜏 𝑏𝑑
=
0.87x415x dia of bar
4𝑥2.4
= 37.6∅
For Fe 415 steel and M20 concrete the values substituted to the above
equation and Ld = 37.6∅
Taken to be , Ld= 40∅
available Ld=( L-D)/2 = _ _ _mm
This is alright
26. PROBLEM 1:
Design a square footing to carry a column load of 1100kN
from a 400mm square column. The bearing capacity of soil is
100kN/mm2. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
27. 1. Assume self weight of footing =0.1p= 0.1x 1100 =110kN
Total load w= P+0.1P = 1100+110= 1210kN
2. Area of footing required, A =
𝑤
𝑆𝐵𝐶
=
1210
100
= 12.1m2
Size of footing = 𝐴 = 12.1= 3.478
Provide 3.5m x 3.5m square footing,
Total Area = 12.25m2
29. BM about axis x-x passing through face of the
Column as shown in fig.
Mu= p x B x [
L−D
2
]2 X
1
2
= 148.16x3.5 x[
3.5−0.4
2
]2 X
1
2
= 622.92kN − m
L = B for square footing
D = Size of column = 400mm = 0.4m
Mu =622.92kN − m
30. 5. Effective depth :
d required =
Mu
0.138 x fck
x b
=
622.92x106
0.138 x 20x 3500
= 253.93mm
Adopt 500mm effective depth and overall depth 550mm. (increase
depth for 1.75 to 2 times more than calculated value for shear
considerations)
6. Area of tension reinforcement :
Mu = 0.87fy Astd(1-
Ast fy
bdfck
)
622.92 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Astx 500(1-
Ast
x 415
3500x500x20
)
622.92 x 106 = 180525Ast- 2.14 Ast
2
31. 622.92 x 106 = 180525Ast- 2.14 Ast
2
2.14 Ast
2 - 180525Ast+ 622.92 x 106 = 0
This is a quadratic equation, calculate the value for Ast and consider the
minimum of values
There fore, Ast = 3604.62mm2
Area of steel per m = 3604.5/3.5 = 1029.85mm2
Provide 12mm diameter bars
Area of one bar ast=
π x 122
4
= 113.09mm2
32. Spacing of reinforcement , S =
1000 ast
Ast
=
1000x113.09
1029.85
= 109.81mm
Providing 12mm dia bars @ 100mm c/c.
7) Check for one way shear :
The critical section is taken at a distance “d” away from the face of the
column y-y axis.
Shear force per m,
Vu = p x B x [(
L−D
2
)-d] = 148.16x 1 x [(
3.5−0.40
2
)- 0.50] = 155.57kN
Nominal Shear stress,𝜏 𝑣 =
𝑉 𝑢
𝑏𝑑
=
155.57x103
1000x500
= 0.31N/mm2
33.
34. Percentage steel =
100Ast
𝐵𝑑
=
100x3604.62
3500x 500
= 0.20
Refer table No. 19 of IS 456:2000 for 𝜏 𝑐
Since ,
% steel 𝜏 𝑐
0.15 0.28
0.20 x
0.25 0.36
For 𝜏 𝑐 at 0.2 = 0.28 +
(0.36−0.28)
(0.25−0.15)
x(0.2-0.15)
𝜏 𝑐 = 0.32N/mm2
35. 𝜏v is less than 𝜏 𝑐, design is safe against one way shear.
8) Check for two way shear :
The critical section is taken at a distance
“d/2” away from the faces of the column
Shear force per m,
Vu = p x [A-(0.4+0.5)2]
= 148.16 x [12.25-(0.4+0.5)2] = 148.16x 11.44
=1695kN
36. b0 = perimeter = 4( D + d)
= 4(400+500)
=3600mm
Nominal Shear stress, 𝜏 𝑣=
Vu
b0d
=
1695 x103
3600x 500
𝜏 𝑣 = 0.941N/mm2
Maximum shear stress permitted
𝜏 𝑐=0.25 𝑓 𝑐𝑘 =0.25 20= 1.11N/mm2
since , 𝜏 𝑐 >𝜏v, design is safe against Punching / two way shear.
37. 9) Development Length
Ld =
fsx dia of bar
4𝜏 𝑏𝑑
=
0.87x415x dia of bar
4𝑥2.4
= 37.6∅
For Fe 415 steel and M20 concrete the values substituted to the above
equation and Ld = 37.6∅
Taken to be , Ld= 40∅ = 40 x 12 = 480mm
available Ld=( 3500-400)/2 = 1550mm
This is alright