Believe in His Revealed Writs

A BEGINNERS’
COURSE ON ISLAM
Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ayn in English for Adults
conducted by Sis Ruqaiyah Jacqueline Ng

FOUNDATION OF THE MESSAGE OF ISLAM
‫هللا‬ َّ‫ال‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬‫آل‬
LAA –ILAA - HA - IL - LALLAAH
“There is no god except Allah”
‫ه‬ َّ‫ٱّلل‬
All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017)
• “Allah” : Arabic proper noun; name for God,
it refers to the One and Only, the Unique Creator,
Lord Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God
– there is none besides Allah.
• There is no equivalent translation in non-Semitic
languages.

FOUNDATION OF THE MESSAGE OF ISLAM
‫ه‬‫س‬َّ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫هللا‬ ‫ه‬ُ‫لو‬
MUHAMMADUR RASUU-LULLAAH
“Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”
“Muhammad” ‫ﷺ‬ : Arabic name meaning “the
Praised One”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered
Prophet, the servant and Messenger of Allah,
the Awaited Seal of Prophethood after whom
there will be no more prophet sent.
‫د‬َّ‫م‬‫ح‬‫ه‬‫م‬

THE IMPORTANT
HADITH OF
ANGEL JIBRA-’IL
‫الم‬ّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ‫ْه‬‫ي‬‫عل‬
(AS REPORTED IN ‘SAHIH MUSLIM’)

HADITH OF JIBRA-’IL
‫الم‬ّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ‫عليه‬
• “Tell me about Islam” Islam is built upon five
things:
• Bear witness that
there is none deserving
of worship except
Allah, and that
Muhammad is His
servant and
Messenger.

things:
• And to establish
Swolah (the obligatory
five daily worship or
specific devotion).

things:
• And to pay the Zakah
(obligatory tax upon
the wealth).

things:
• And to make
pilgrimage (Hajj) to the
House (Ka’ba in
Makkah) if you are
able.

things:
• And to observe fasting
daily in the month of
Ramadhan.

• .....“ Tell me about
iiman (Faith/Belief)”
Iman (belief) is that
you:
• Solemnly believe in Allah;
• His angels;
• His Books,
• His Messengers;
• In the Afterlife;
• In the Decree, the good &
bad, all comes from (the
eternal knowledge of)
Allah;

• ........“ Tell me
about ‘Al-Ihsan ’-
ro tseB eht(
ro tcudnoc suoethgiR
)ecnellecxE”
Al-Ihsan” (excellence)
is:
• … that you serve
(worship) Allah as
though you see Him,
but if you do not see
Him, He (Allah) sees
you .”

TAUHEED
(ATTESTATION TO THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF GOD)
• IIMAN
Belief
Faith
Conviction
• ‘AMAL]malsI[
Submission
Obedience
Practice
• IHSAN
Best or
Righteous
Conduct

TAUHEED
(ATTESTATION TO THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF GOD)
• Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without
Faith is mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy
• Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with
IHSAN which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve
Allah s.w.t .
• Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his
submission to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).
ALL THREE ASPECTS ARE TO BE DEVELOPED IN TANDEM ACCORDINGLY
WITHOUT FOCUSING AT SPECIALIZATION UNTIL AT LATER STAGE
WHEN ESSENTIAL BASIC KNOWLEDGE IS WELL-ESTABLISHED
IIMAN –ISLAM - IHSAN

Elucidation of the
word IIMAAN
Belief / Faith

What is ‫ان‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫إ‬ IIMAAN?
• IIMAAN is belief in or faith of something beyond sense
perception, termed as “‫ب‬ْ‫ي‬
َ
‫غ‬
ْ
‫ال‬” (al-ghaib), meaning “the
unseen”.
• It is derived from the root word “‫امن‬” which also means
“safety, peace, security, protection”
• It denote: certainty of the ultimate truth, adherence to it
instils sense of security in him from doubts, uncertainty,
restlessness etc.

• Yet from Islamic perspective “iimaan ”cannot be by mere blind
acceptance devoid of proof or substantiation i.e. Believe or
faith must be with knowledge (`ilm).
‫ب‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫س‬ۡ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ف‬ۡ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫َل‬ َ‫و‬َّ‫س‬‫ٱل‬ َّ‫ن‬‫إ‬ ٌۚ‫م‬ۡ‫ل‬‫ع‬ ‫ۦ‬‫ه‬َ‫ع‬ ۡ‫م‬
ُ‫أ‬ ُّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫ف‬ۡ‫ٱل‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ۡ‫ٱل‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ك‬ِٕ‫ٮ‬ٰٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ۡ‫ن‬
ً‫َل‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ـ‬ۡ‫س‬َ‫م‬

• Yet from Islamic perspective “iimaan ”cannot be by mere blind
"And do not follow (pursue) anything of which you
have no knowledge: verily (your) hearing and sight
and heart - all of them - will be called to account
for it (on Judgement Day).“
(Q: Bani Israil : 17 :36)

• Yet from Islamic perspective “iimaan” cannot be by mere blind
• Three sources for knowledge:
[1] Five sensory perceptions – ‫الحواس‬‫الخمسة‬ ;
[2] Reasoning – ‫ل‬ْ‫ق‬‫ع‬;
[3] True report – ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬‫ق‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ص‬

What is “IIMAAN (al-Mufassal)”?
(The Detailed Belief) “Al-iimaan is that you:
● Solemnly believe in Allah;
● His angels;
● His Books,
● His Messengers;
● In the Afterlife;
● In the Decree, the good & bad, all
comes from (the eternal knowledge
of) Allah Most Exalted.
ّ‫ّللا‬
‫مالئكته‬
‫كتلوبه‬
‫رسلوله‬
‫األخير‬ ‫يلوم‬
‫شره‬ ‫لو‬ ‫خيره‬ ‫القدر‬
‫تعالى‬ ّ‫ّللا‬ ‫من‬

Revision
Believe in
His Angels
The second aspect of Faith (Iimaan) required in the
Attestation to the Absolute Oneness of Allah (Tawheed)

To Believe in His Angels
• Why the need to believe in Allah’s Angels
• How the Qur’an categorises the reality of living
beings existing in this universe
• Characteristics of the Angels
• The 10 important Angels
• The Jinns

Believe in His
Revealed Writs
The third aspect of Faith (Iimaan) required in the

THE BEGINNING
ۡ‫ذ‬‫إ‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ِٕ‫ٮ‬ٰٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ۡ‫ل‬‫ل‬ََ‫ك‬‫ى‬‫ن‬‫إ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫اع‬َ‫ج‬‫ف‬‫ى‬
‫ض‬ ۡ‫ر‬َ ۡ‫ٱۡل‬ًََ‫ف‬‫ي‬‫َل‬‫خ‬ْۖ‫ا‬ ٰٓ‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ۡ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬َ‫أ‬‫ا‬َ‫ہ‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫د‬‫س‬ۡ‫ف‬
‫ا‬َ‫ہ‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ُ‫ك‬‫ف‬ۡ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ء‬ٰٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ٱلد‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ ۡ‫َح‬‫ن‬ُ‫ح‬‫ب‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫ح‬‫ب‬َ‫ك‬‫د‬ ۡ‫م‬
ُ‫س‬‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ن‬ َ‫و‬َۖ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ٰٓ‫ى‬‫ن‬‫إ‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ۡ‫ع‬َ‫أ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫َل‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ۡ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬
Behold thy Lord said to the angels: "I will create a vicegerent on earth."
They said "Wilt thou place therein one who will make mischief therein
and shed blood? Whilst we do celebrate Thy praises and glorify Thy holy
(name)?" He said: "I know what ye know not."
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2:30)

THE BEGINNING
And He (Allah)taught Adam the names of all things; then He
placed them before the angels and said: "Tell Me the names of
these if ye are right."
َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫م‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ء‬َ‫ء‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫س‬َ ‫أ‬‫ٱأل‬‫ه‬‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬َّ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ث‬‫ه‬‫ہ‬َ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫أ‬‫م‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ك‬ِٕ‫ٮ‬ٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬َُ‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ف‬‫ى‬ِ‫ن‬‫لو‬ُٔ‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ۢ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫س‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ء‬
ِ‫ء‬ٓ َ‫ال‬‫ه‬‫ؤ‬ٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬‫أ‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ك‬ِ‫د‬‫ـ‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ق‬

THE BEGINNING
They said: "Glory to Thee: of knowledge we have none, save
that Thou hast taught us: in truth it is Thou who art perfect in
knowledge and wisdom."
ْ‫ا‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫َك‬‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ح‬‫أ‬‫ب‬‫ه‬‫س‬َ‫ال‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫ل‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َّ‫ال‬ِ‫إ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫نت‬َ‫أ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ي‬

THE BEGINNING
He said: "O Adam! tell them their names." When he had told them
their names, Allah said: "Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of
heaven and earth, and I know what ye reveal and what ye conceal?"
َُ‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫ه‬‫م‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َٔ‫ـ‬ٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ئ‬ِ‫ب‬ۢ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ۖ ‫أ‬‫م‬ِ‫ہ‬ِٕ‫ٮ‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫س‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ب‬ٓ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ف‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ب‬ۢ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬
‫أ‬‫م‬ِ‫ہ‬ِٕ‫ٮ‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫س‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ب‬
َُ‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ُ‫ه‬‫ق‬َ‫أ‬‫أ‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬ِّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ٓ‫ى‬‫ه‬‫م‬َ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫ع‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ب‬‫أ‬‫َي‬‫غ‬
ِ‫ت‬‫ٲ‬ َ‫لو‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ٱل‬ِ‫ض‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬َ ‫أ‬‫ٱأل‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫م‬َ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫ع‬َ‫أ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ب‬‫ه‬‫ت‬َ‫لون‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫لو‬‫أ‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ك‬َ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ك‬َ‫ت‬

THE BEGINNING
And behold We said to the angels: "Bow down to Adam"; and
they bowed down: not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: he
was of those who reject Faith. ”
‫أ‬‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫لو‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ق‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ك‬ِٕ‫ٮ‬ٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ا‬‫هلو‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ج‬‫أ‬‫ٱس‬َ‫م‬َ‫د‬َ ِ‫أل‬
ْ‫ا‬ ٓ‫هلو‬‫د‬َ‫ج‬َ‫س‬َ‫ف‬ٓ َّ‫ال‬ِ‫إ‬‫أ‬‫ب‬ِ‫إ‬ََ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ى‬َ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ك‬َ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ٱس‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫لو‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬ ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ك‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬َ‫ن‬

THE BEGINNING
We said: "O Adam! dwell thou and thy wife in the Garden and eat
of the bountiful things therein as (where and when) ye will; but
approach not this tree, or ye run into harm and transgression.”
‫َا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ق‬ َ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫م‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َٔ‫ـ‬ٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ك‬‫أ‬‫ٱس‬َ‫نت‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ك‬‫ه‬‫ج‬ ‫أ‬‫لو‬َ‫ز‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫ة‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬
َ‫ال‬‫ه‬‫ك‬ َ‫لو‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫ًا‬‫د‬َ‫غ‬َ‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ث‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ح‬‫أ‬‫ئ‬ِ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ت‬
َ‫ال‬ َ‫لو‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬َّ‫ش‬‫ٱل‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ٱلظ‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫م‬

THE BEGINNING (GENESIS)
“ Then did Satan make them slip from the (Garden) and get
them out of the state (of felicity) in which they had been. We
said: "Get ye down all (ye people) with enmity between
yourselves. On earth will be your dwelling place and your
means of livelihood for a time.".
‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ف‬‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ط‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َّ‫ش‬‫ٱل‬‫ا‬َ‫ہ‬‫أ‬‫ن‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫خ‬َ‫أ‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ف‬ِۖ‫ه‬‫ي‬
‫َا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ق‬ َ‫لو‬ْ‫ا‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ط‬ِ‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ٱه‬‫أ‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ك‬‫ه‬‫ض‬‫عأ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ض‬‫عأ‬ۖ ٌّ‫هلو‬‫د‬َ‫ع‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫لو‬‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ض‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬َ ‫أ‬‫ٱأل‬ٌّ‫ر‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫ه‬‫م‬َ‫لو‬ٌ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬‫ين‬ ِ‫ح‬

THE BEGINNING
“Then learnt Adam from his Lord words of inspiration and his
Lord turned toward him; for He is Oft-Returning Most Merciful.“
ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ب‬َّ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ه‬‫م‬َ‫د‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ات‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ۚ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬
‫ي‬ ِ‫ح‬َّ‫الر‬ ‫ه‬‫اب‬ َّ‫لو‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ َ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ه‬ ‫ه‬‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬‫ه‬‫م‬

THE BEGINNING
We said: "Get ye down all from here; and if, as is sure, there
comes to you guidance from Me" whosoever follows My
guidance on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.“
‫َا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ق‬ْ‫ا‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ط‬ِ‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ٱه‬‫ا‬َ‫ہ‬‫أ‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ۖ‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫أ‬َ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬
‫ى‬ِّ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬‫ًى‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ف‬ٌَِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫د‬‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫اى‬َ‫ال‬َ‫ف‬‫ف‬ ‫أ‬‫َلو‬‫خ‬
‫أ‬‫م‬ِ‫ہ‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ال‬ َ‫لو‬‫أ‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ن‬َ‫ز‬ ‫أ‬‫ح‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬

THE BEGINNING
"But those who reject Faith and belie Our Signs, they shall be
Companions of the Fire; they shall abide therein."
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ٱل‬ َ‫لو‬ْ‫ا‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ر‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ذ‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫لو‬ْ‫ا‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ب‬ِ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬َٔ‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ك‬ِٕ‫ٮ‬ٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫أ‬
‫ه‬‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ح‬ ‫أ‬‫ص‬َ‫أ‬ۖ ِ‫ار‬َّ‫ن‬‫ٱل‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ہ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫هلون‬‫د‬ِ‫ل‬‫َـ‬‫خ‬

HUMANS
CREATED FOR
KNOWLEDGE

HUMAN CREATED FOR KNOWLEDGE
‫أ‬َُ‫ه‬‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫أ‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫س‬‫ن‬ِ ‫أ‬‫ٱۡل‬ِ‫ح‬‫ين‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ِ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ه‬َّ‫د‬‫ٱل‬َ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫م‬
‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ك‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬ًٔ‫ـ‬‫أ‬‫َي‬‫ش‬‫ا‬ً‫لور‬‫ه‬‫ك‬‫أ‬‫ذ‬َّ‫م‬
‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫س‬‫ن‬ِ ‫أ‬‫ٱۡل‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫أ‬‫ط‬‫َاج‬‫ش‬ ‫مأ‬َ‫أ‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ب‬
‫ه‬‫ه‬‫َـ‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َۢ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬‫ا‬ً‫ير‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫َـ‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬‫ٱل‬َُ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َّ‫س‬
‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫إ‬‫ا‬ً‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬‫َا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫لو‬‫ا‬ً‫لور‬‫ه‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬

HUMAN CREATED FOR KNOWLEDGE
“Has there not been over Man a long period of Time, when he
was nothing--(not even) mentioned?―
Verily We created Man from a drop of mingled sperm, in order
to try him: so We gave him (the gifts), of Hearing and Sight.
Indeed We showed him the Way: whether he be (SHAKUR)
grateful or (KAFUR) ungrateful (rests on his will).”
(Qur’an: al-Insan: 76:1-3)

HOW DO WE
HUMANS
LEARN ?
EPISTEMOLOGY
PARABLE OF THE COMPUTER

WHAT IS
KNOWLEDGE?
(‘ILM)
‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬
EPISTEMOLOGY

A DEFINITION OF KNOWLEDGE
Amongst the definitions
“... Knowledge is the arrival (husul - )* of the meaning
(ma’na - ) of a thing or object of knowledge in the soul of
the subject; and simultaneously,..... Knowledge is the soul’s arrival
(wusul - ) at the meaning of that thing or the object of
knowledge.”
By “meaning” (ma’na - ) is: “the recognition of the proper
place of anything in a system ...”
‫وصول‬
ُ‫حصلو‬
‫معنى‬
‫معنى‬
* “attainment; acquirement” is a better translation.
EPISTEMOLOGY
Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas

HOW DO WE HUMAN LEARN ?
• To understand how we as human learn, let us analyse
the computer (a product attempted by human to create
an imitation or artificial intelligence)
• Computerization is a total system comprising of:
[1] INPUT
[2] PROCESSING
[3] OUTPUT
EPISTEMOLOGY
PARABLE OF THE COMPUTER

Basic computer system
INPUT - PROCESSING - OUTPUT
EPISTEMOLOGY

INPUT : Keyboard, Drives, Mouse, Scanner
KEYBOARD
THUMB-DISK-DRIVES
SCANNER MOUSE
FEED TO CPU TO BE PROCESSED
EPISTEMOLOGY

COMPARE “INPUT” OF DATA FOR
HUMAN BEING IS THROUGH:
• KEYBOARD
• MOUSE
• THUMB/DISK DRIVE
• SCANNER
• BLUE-TOOTH/
WIRELESS
➢ THE FIVE SENSES:
SIGHT, SOUND, TOUCH, SMELL,
TASTE.
➢ TRUE REPORT
➢ EXTRA-SENSORY -INSPIRATION,
DREAM, INTUITION, BURST OF
BRILLIANCE
COMPUTER HUMAN BEING
EPISTEMOLOGY

C.P.U. : Central Processing Unit
EPISTEMOLOGY
PROCESSING TAKES
PLACE HERE
INPUT
OUTPUT
(FEEDBACK)

COMPARE “PROCESSING” OF DATA
FOR HUMAN BEING IS THROUGH:
➢Memory
➢Linguistic & literacy
➢Logic & music
➢Deductive - inductive
➢Speculative extrapolation
➢Emotive - empathy
➢Contemplative - intuition
➢Extraneous linkage
EPISTEMOLOGY
• Control unit – storage, speed
• ROM – Read only memory
• RAM – Random access memory
• BIOS – Basic input-output
System
• DOS – Disk operating System;
Drivers etc.
• ALU – Arithmetic logic unit

OUTPUT : Monitor, Printer, Saving devices
EPISTEMOLOGY
SCREEN MONITOR
PRINTER - SCANNER
THUMB-DISK-DRIVES
FROM CPU TO OUTPUT
OR BE SAVED, PRINTED

COMPARE “OUTPUT” OF PROCESSED
DATA FOR HUMAN BEING IS THROUGH:
➢ Speech
➢ Actions
➢ Creativity
➢ Behaviour
➢ Disposition (akhlaq)
EPISTEMOLOGY
• Monitor – screen
• Printer – scanner
• Thumb-drive
• Disk-drive
• Sound-system
• Projector
• Other devices

WITH WIRELESS & BLUE-TOOTH DEVICES,
INPUT FROM BEYOND CAN AFFECT THE
COMPUTER WITHOUT PHYSICAL CONTACT –
JUST AS HUMAN CAN RECEIVE INSPIRATION
AND REVELEVATION FROM BEYOND.
EPISTEMOLOGY

DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN INFORMATION
AND KNOWLEDGE
EPISTEMOLOGY

INFORMATION
• Whatever is outside of the
person – to be regarded as
information ( ) –
not knowledge ( ).
KNOWLEDGE
• Knowledge resides in the
person – and is also an
attribute (sifat - )
of the person him/herself.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE
‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬‫ة‬َ‫م‬
ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫م‬
‫صفة‬

• Information may not
necessarily convey any
meanings, but can be
subjected to process or
interpretation – by a human
– striving to seek and
arriving at understanding of
“meanings” from it.
• Knowledge has to do
with “meanings” –
which may include
abstract concepts and
construct beyond the
material forms.
INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE

• Every one may have equal
access to a given
information.
• Yet, there can be
difference in levels and
depths of knowledge to
a given information,
depending upon who
contemplates upon it.

• Just as raw data input are
meant to be processed by the
computer , our readings,
observations, news, data and
information etc. are objects to
be understood and possible
meanings from it to be
comprehended by us human.
• It is when cognition of
man is applied to process
these information, that he
may be said to arrive at
knowledge (i.e. when it
becomes meaningful).

• THUS the Qur’an categorize
these (information) as:
“Signs” – aayat ( )
Al-Qur’an – aayat Qawliyyah
Universe – aayat Kauniyah
• THUS the Qur’anic
approach for man’s
education enjoins him
to “Read” ( )
these signs to arrive at
the “meanings” –
regarding the REALITY.
‫آية‬ ْ‫ق‬ِ‫إ‬‫أ‬َ‫ر‬

Note:
Arabic words for “universe” and “a scholar (one
who is knowledgeable)” are spelt as
‫عالم‬

ALLAH CREATED MAN CAPABLE FOR LEARNING OF
KNOWLEDGE AND OF REVELATIONS FROM HIM
(Allah) Most Gracious! It is He Who has taught the Qur'an. He
has created man: He has taught him speech (and Intelligence)
(Qur’an: ar-Rahmaan: 55:1-4)
‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬ ‫أ‬‫ح‬َّ‫ٱلر‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫أ‬‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ق‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬َ‫ان‬َ‫ء‬
َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫س‬‫ن‬ِ ‫أ‬‫ٱۡل‬
‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬َ‫ن‬

ْ‫أ‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ق‬‫ا‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬
َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ان‬َ‫س‬‫ن‬ِ ْ‫اۡل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
ْ‫أ‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫م‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ك‬َ ْ‫األ‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ال‬ِ‫ب‬
َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ان‬َ‫س‬‫ن‬ِ ْ‫اۡل‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬

“READ in the name of thy (Lord) Sustainer, who has
created man out of a clinging substance. Read - for
thy (Lord) Sustainer is the Most Bountiful One. Who
has taught [man] the use of the pen – taught man
what he did not know!”
(Qur’an: al-‘Alaq: 96: 1-5)

ALLAH COMMUNICATED TO MANKIND
THROUGH REVELATION
• Thus, what our Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ received was not
something new - as this phenomena (revelation) had
already occurred before him.
• Thus those, termed the “People of the Book” amongst
those of Abrahamic line i.e. the Jews and Christians,
would be the independent parties than can corroborate -
not deny but confirm this.

WE AFFIRM THE TRUTH AND
VALIDITY OF THE QUR’AN BY
APPLYING THE CRITERIA
WHICH CAN ALSO BE USED TO
VERIFY CLAIMS BY
ANY OTHER BOOK

• Claims to be from God;
• And speaks of God and His plan;
• And contains absolute principles
withstanding the test of time;
• And does not contain any
discrepancy;
REGARDING AL-QUR’AN : IT
IS BOOK WHICH ....
AL-QUR’AN
THE CRITERIA

• And contributes to the well-being
of mankind at all levels;
• And can be shown that some of
its prophecies were proven true;
• And its data is compatible with
scientific research;
IS BOOK WHICH ....
AL-QUR’AN
THE CRITERIA

• And the whole book still remains
in its original text;
• And which cannot be reproduced
by any who tries;
• And confirms the truth from
previous books while correcting
their falsehood,…
IS BOOK WHICH ....
AL-QUR’AN
THE CRITERIA
IT MUST BE FROM GOD...
NO OTHER CONCLUSION IS PLAUSIBLE!

THE QUR’AN SENT TO CONFIRM AND
SUPERCEDE EARLIER REVELATIONS
THAT HAS BEEN SENT.
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬‫ه‬‫ان‬َ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ق‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬‫أ‬‫ف‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ى‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫هلون‬‫د‬ِ َّ‫ٱّلل‬
‫ن‬ِ‫ك‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫ِيق‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬‫ص‬َ‫ت‬‫ى‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ٱل‬َ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫د‬َ‫ي‬َُ‫ي‬ ِ‫ص‬‫أ‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫لو‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬ِ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
َ‫ال‬َ‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ِّ‫ب‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ع‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫م‬

THAT HAS BEEN SENT.
”This Qur'an is not such as can be produced by other
than Allah; on the contrary it is a confirmation of
(revelations) that went before it, and a fuller
explanation of the Book― wherein there is no doubt
from the Lord of the Worlds.”
(Qur’an:Yunos:10:37)

THAT HAS BEEN SENT.
WHAT WERE THESE BOOKS ?

THAT HAS BEEN SENT.
• TAURAT
(Torah / Law)
Book revealed to
Prophet Musa (Moses)
a.s.

THAT HAS BEEN SENT.
• ZABUR
(Psalm)
Book revealed to Prophet
Dawud (David) a.s.

THAT HAS BEEN SENT.
• INJIL
(Evangel / Gospel)
Book revealed to Prophet
‘Isa (Jesus) a.s.

Have these earlier
revealed Books
been faithfully
preserved?
َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫ي‬ ِ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫لون‬ ‫ه‬‫لو‬ْ‫ل‬‫م‬
ِ‫م‬ ‫ه‬‫ه‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ب‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ل‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬ِ‫ب‬‫ه‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫لو‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬َ‫لو‬
‫ه‬‫ه‬ َ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ق‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫لو‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ِ َّ‫ّللا‬ ِ‫د‬‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫لو‬
َ‫ي‬ َ‫لو‬ ِ َّ‫ّللا‬ ِ‫د‬‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫لو‬ِ َّ‫ّللا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ق‬
َ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬ َ‫لو‬ َ‫ب‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬

Have these earlier
revealed Books
been faithfully
preserved?
“There is among them a section who distort the Book with
their tongues; (as they read) so that you would think it is a
part of the Book but it is no part of the Book; and they say
"That is from Allah" but it is not from Allah: it is they who tell
a lie against Allah, and (well) they know it! “
(Qur’an : Aali Imran 3:78)

The Christians and the Jews may
offer the Bible as their evidence of
their revealed Books from God.
•What is the Bible?
•Can Muslim accept the
Bible to be the revealed
Books of God?
THEREFORE IT IS PERTINENT FOR MUSLIMS TO SEEK ANSWER TO THESE QUESTIONS:

The Bible – some facts
• It is a collection of writings.
• Generally it contains recordings of the
history of the Jewish people. Written
and re-written by scribes (especially
when the Jews lost these during their
enslavement by Persians and Romans or
because the recordings tended to fade).

• The name “Bible” is not found in the
Bible.
• This term “Bible” comes from the Greek
work “Biblion” which means “collection
of writings or book”.

• The total number of books that make up
the Bible differ between the Catholic’s
(they have 73 books) and Protestant
Christian’s (only accept 66 books).

• It can be divided into 2 parts:
Old testament – Jewish writings written
originally in Hebrew, compiled over a
period of 2,000 years; many of its
authors are unknown.

• It can be divided into 2 parts:
New Testament – the oldest
manuscripts written in Koine Greek
(not Aramaic which was the language
that Jesus spoke), comprise of the 4
Gospels and letters written by Paul and
others.

• The most popular Bible e.g. the King
James (the Authorized version) and the
Latin Vulgate were based on an
ancient text. Since then, they have
discovered more ancient texts, and
Christian biblical scholars have to
revise their Bible to ensure accuracy.
And they admit that there has been
interpolations done to the Bible.

• Their own admission:
“Yet the King James version has serious defects.
….. And discovery of many biblical manuscripts
more ancient than those on which the King James
version was based made it apparent that these
defects were so many as to call for a revision.”
(Forward in the New Revised Standard version of the Bible)

Summary : what is the Bible?
❑ It may contain words of prophets;
some eye-witness or even hearsay
accounts of what had happened; it may
contain quotations of perhaps
revelations from God; it may contain
interpretations and interpolations of
people regarding the religion; etc.

❑ Biblical scholars admit that many
were written by anonymous (unknown)
person or persons; sometimes
conveniently attributed to certain
prophets.

❑ The Gospels (according to Mark,
Mathew, Luke and John) are not the
same as what we Muslims refer to as
the “Injeel” of Prophet Jesus a.s.

❑The Pentateuch (first 5 Books said to
be the book of Moses : the Torah) is
not the same as what we Muslims
refer to as the “Taurat” of Prophet
Moses a.s.

❑ The Psalm (of David) is not the same
as what we Muslims refer to as the
“Zabur” of Prophet David a.s.

❑ As the collections called the Bible
have been tampered with and
interpolations made by people, we
cannot be certain of its total
reliability and authenticity.

❑ For Muslims, the Qur’an is the
“Furqaan” (Criterion to determine what
for us, is the Truth and what is not).

❑ Revisions have been made to the
Bible when a much older manuscripts
were found. Still these manuscripts
are not those dated to the time of
Jesus a.s. (because these were
written in Greek, whereas Jesus a.s.
never spoke Greek but Aramaic).

So when we Muslims say we Believe in the
Taurat, Zabur and Injeel, we do not mean we
believe in the Bible in its entirety!
❖ Only the Qur’an has remained the only
authentic Book of revelations from Allah,
still preserved exactly as it was “recited”,
in the original language as when it was
revealed.

ALLAH COMMUNICATED TO
MANKIND WITH REVELATION
• [1] Mankind’s living standard is evolving towards a higher
form of civilization – a global and more cosmopolitan era,
thus their laws need to be gradually updated – while its
principle and fundamental teachings remaining the same ;
Why is a subsequent book of revelation required?

• [2] the recordings of earlier Books did not survive fully
intact but were proven to have been tampered with and
corrupted;

• [3] Literacy amongst the people, and the appropriate
technology of writing & printing on a mass-scale etc. was
not available until much later. Thus, subsequent
revelations would ensure the pristine teachings are
adhered to because corruptions to the previous
recordings had occurred;

AL-QUR’AN :
THE LAST BOOK
REVEALED BY ALLAH
FOR MANKIND

THE FINAL BOOK OF GUIDANCE
“Alif Lam Mim. This is the Book (of Allah); in it is guidance sure,
without doubt, to those who are most conscious (with reverential
fear of) Allah.”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 2)
ٰٓ‫م‬ٰٓ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬‫ٲل‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ڪ‬ۡ‫ٱل‬َ‫َل‬َ‫ب‬ۡ‫ي‬َ‫ر‬ۛۛ‫يه‬‫ف‬‫ًى‬‫د‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫م‬ۡ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ين‬‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬

ََُ‫نز‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ ِ َّ ِ‫ّلل‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ال‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬
َ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ج‬ َ‫لو‬ِ‫ع‬ ‫ه‬‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ َُ‫ع‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ر‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ي‬ِّ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬ِّ‫ي‬‫ا‬ً‫س‬ْ‫أ‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬‫ه‬‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ر‬ِّ‫ش‬َ‫ب‬‫ه‬‫ي‬ َ‫لو‬ ‫ه‬‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬‫ه‬‫د‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ش‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ َ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬َ‫س‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬ً‫ن‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬َ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ث‬ِ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬

“Praise be to Allah Who hath sent to His Servant (Muhammad)
the Book, and hath allowed therein no Crookedness: (He hath
made it) Straight (and Clear), in order that He may warn (the
godless) of a terrible Punishment from Him, and that He may give
Glad Tidings to the Believers who work righteous deeds, that they
shall have a goodly Reward. In which they will remain forever..”
(Qur’an: Kahfi: 18:1-3)

َ‫ر‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ي‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬‫لوا‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫الل‬‫ًا‬‫د‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫لو‬
‫ا‬َّ‫م‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ال‬ َ‫لو‬ِ‫آل‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬
ْ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ً‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ه‬‫ج‬‫ه‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬ َ‫لو‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ق‬َ‫ي‬َّ‫ال‬ِ‫إ‬‫ا‬ً‫ب‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ك‬
“… And to warn those who say, "Allah has taken a son. They
have no knowledge of it, nor had their fathers. Grave is the word
that comes out of their mouths; they speak not except a lie.”
(Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 4-5)

“Alif Lam Ra. (This Qur’an is) A Book which We have revealed unto
thee (O Muhammad) in order that thou might lead mankind out of
the depths of darkness into light― by the leave of their Lord― to
the Way of (Him) Exalted in Power, Worthy of all Praise!”
(Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 1)
ۚ‫ر‬ٓ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ ِ‫ڪ‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫َـ‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ل‬َ‫نز‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ك‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ج‬ ِ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ه‬‫ت‬ِ‫ل‬َّ‫ن‬‫ٱل‬ََ‫ا‬
ِ‫لور‬‫ٱلن‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ٱلظ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫أ‬‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫ب‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫ٲط‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ص‬ِ‫يز‬ ِ‫ز‬َ‫ع‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ح‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬ِ‫د‬‫ي‬

َ‫م‬ ‫أ‬‫لو‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫لو‬‫ض‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬‫ه‬‫م‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َّ‫ٱلظ‬َ‫ع‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫د‬َ‫ي‬‫ه‬ُ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ق‬َ‫ي‬
‫ى‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫َذ‬‫خ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ٱ‬ٌََ‫م‬ُِ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫س‬َّ‫ٱلر‬ً‫ال‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫س‬
‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫ي‬ َ‫لو‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬‫ى‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫ذ‬ ِ‫خ‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫أ‬‫ا‬ً‫ن‬ َ‫ال‬‫ه‬‫ف‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ً‫ال‬
‫أ‬‫د‬َ‫ق‬َّ‫ل‬‫ى‬ِ‫ن‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ض‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬‫أ‬‫ڪ‬ِّ‫ذ‬‫ٱل‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫عأ‬َ‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ء‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ۗ‫ى‬ِ‫ن‬
َ‫ان‬َ‫ڪ‬ َ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ط‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َّ‫ش‬‫ٱل‬َ‫س‬‫ن‬ِ ‫أ‬‫ۡل‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬‫ـ‬ً‫ال‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬َ‫خ‬
َُ‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ َ‫لو‬‫ه‬ُ‫لو‬‫ه‬‫س‬َّ‫ٱلر‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫إ‬َّ‫ن‬‫ى‬ِ‫م‬ ‫أ‬‫لو‬َ‫ق‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ٱ‬ْ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ان‬َ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ق‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬‫ا‬ً‫لور‬‫ه‬‫ج‬ ‫هأ‬َ‫م‬

“The Day that the wrongdoer will bite at his hands,
He will say "Oh! would that I had taken a (straight) path with
the Messenger! “
“Ah! woe is me! would that I had never taken such a one for a
friend! He did lead me astray from the Message (of Allah) after
it had come to me! Ah..! the Evil One is but a traitor to man! “
Then the Messenger will say: "O my Lord! truly my people took
this Qur'an for just foolish nonsense."
(Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 27-30)

ALLAH GUARANTEES ITS
PRESERVATION
“We have, without doubt sent down the Message (Al-Qur’an);
and We will assuredly guard it (from corruption).”
(Qur’an: Hijr: 15: 9)
َ‫ر‬ْ‫ك‬ِّ‫ذ‬‫ال‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬ْ‫ل‬َّ‫َز‬‫ن‬ ‫ه‬‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬‫ه‬‫ظ‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫لو‬َ‫لون‬

History of its Preservation
Revelation to
Prophet
Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬
* memorised
* Dictated
* Recorded
* Collated
* Counter-checked
Prophetic Era
13BH – 10AH

1st Mushaf
12 AH
Battle of Yamamah
* original materials
which have been
recorded by the
Prophet’s scribe
were sorted out,
checked and bound
into a single Book.

Expansion of Islam
• Uthman’s recension -
7 official copies made
from the 1st Mushaf –
these sent to all
Islamic centres
accompanied by a
Reciter (muqri’)
• (extant copies of
these are available
even to this day)
Mushaf Uthmani
30 AH

IN MASJID IMAM HUSSAYN – CAIRO, EGYPT

TASHKENT,
UZBEKISTAN.

PRESERVED MUSHAF OF KHALIFA ‘UTHMAN IBN ‘AFFAN
TOPKAPI MUSEUM
ISTANBUL, TURKEY

TOPKAPI MUSEUM, ISTANBUL,
TURKEY.

A page copy of Mushaf Uthmani

There were only 18 distinguishable letters (red),
though some letters had up to 3 different ways
of reciting.
Absence of diacritical markings

(Science) Ilmu-
Qira’atil Qur’an
* inclusion of
markings to the
script conforming
with Prophet’s
recitation, and to
facilitate non-Arab
learning recitation
*By Abul Aswad Ad-Du’ali
Diacritical
markings
65 AH

َ‫ء‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ َ‫لو‬‫ه‬ُ‫أ‬‫ه‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫ٱل‬َ‫ي‬َ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫ر‬ِ‫ش‬‫أ‬‫ب‬َ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫س‬
َُ‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫ء‬ٓ َ‫ال‬‫ه‬‫ؤ‬ٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ض‬‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ال‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫ح‬
ْ‫ا‬‫لو‬‫ه‬‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫لو‬َ َّ‫ٱّلل‬َ‫ال‬ َ‫لو‬‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ه‬‫ت‬ِ‫لون‬‫ه‬‫ز‬
Compare with verses in
the present Mushaf Text

The inhabitants of the City came in (mad) joy (at news
of the young men).
(Lut) said: "These are my guests: disgrace me not:
"But fear Allah, and shame me not."
(Qur’an: Surah al-Hijr: 15: 67-69)
Compare with verses in
the present Mushaf Text

From Mushaf
Uthmani, text
compiled at AL-
AZHAR with one of
the original manner
of Recitation which
has been preserved
- from HAFS.
Mushaf Fuad
1342 AH

Hafs ibn Sulaiman bin Al-Mugheerah Al-Asadi
‘Asim ibn Abin Nujud
Abi Abdur Rahman Abd ibn Habib as-Sulaimi
Holy Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬
‘Ali Abi Talib Uthman ‘Affan Zaid Tsabit Ubay Ka’ab

Commissioned by
Saudi King, text
using the Rasm’
Uthmani -
following strictly
the spelling,
letter for letter,
identical to
Mushaf Uthmani.
Mushaf Madinah
1403 AH (1980)

Other methods of writing have surfaced too,
especially to help non-Arabic-speaking Muslims.

FACTS ABOUT THE QUR’AN WHICH
NEED TO BE REITERATED TODAY
❖ BEING “The Recitation” – the QUR’AN is only
in the Arabic, faithfully preserved and
unanimously accepted, continuously taught
by generations of Muslims from the time of
Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ until today.
❖ WORLD’S MOST RECITED BOOK
❖ WORLD’S MOST MEMORIZED BOOK
❖ WORLD’S MOST PRESERVED BOOK
❖ WORLD’S MOST REFERRED TO BOOK
❖ YET MOST MISUNDERSTOOD BOOK IN THE WEST AND MEDIA
Therefore the Qur’an holds the record as:

‫لم‬ْ‫ع‬‫أ‬ ‫وهللا‬
‫هد‬ْ‫وال‬ ‫ْق‬‫ي‬‫وف‬‫الت‬ ‫وباهلل‬َ‫اي‬
AND ALLAH KNOWS ALL
AND WITH ALLAH IS TRUE
SUCCESS AND GUIDANCE
TO BE CONTINUED ‫هللا‬ ‫َآء‬‫ش‬ ْ‫إن‬

Believe in
His Prophets
The fourth aspect of Faith (Iimaan) required in the

Believe in His Revealed Writs

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