Slideshare (lesson # 11)tauheed-course-(batch-january-2014)-avoiding-linguistic-pitfalls-30-april-2014

Using curriculum he has developed especially for English-speakingUsing curriculum he has developed especially for English-speaking
Muslim converts and young English-speaking Adult Muslims.Muslim converts and young English-speaking Adult Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
IT CAN ALSO BE AIT CAN ALSO BE A
REFRESHER COURSEREFRESHER COURSE
FOR MUSLIMFOR MUSLIM
PARENTS, EDUCATORS,PARENTS, EDUCATORS,
IN CONTEMPORARYIN CONTEMPORARY
SINGAPORE.SINGAPORE.
OPEN TO ALLOPEN TO ALL
IN THE NAME OF ALLAHIN THE NAME OF ALLAH
MOST COMPASIONATEMOST COMPASIONATE
MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL # 11# 11
For further information and registration contact EFor further information and registration contact E-mail :-mail :
ad.fardhayn.sg@gmail.comad.fardhayn.sg@gmail.com
or +65 81234669 / +65 96838279or +65 81234669 / +65 96838279
LESSON
“INTRODUCTION TO STUDY OF
TAUHEED – (AQA’ID) ”
Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
Updated 30 April 2014Updated 30 April 2014
BATCH -
[JANUARY-MAY
2014]
18 weekly class started on :18 weekly class started on : 15th JANUARY 201415th JANUARY 2014
Every Wadnesday night @ 8pm – 10pmEvery Wadnesday night @ 8pm – 10pm
Wisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, #02-00 next to Masjid KassimWisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, #02-00 next to Masjid Kassim
TAUTAUHHEED SIFAAT –EED SIFAAT –
AVOIDING THEAVOIDING THE
LINGUISTIC PITFALLSLINGUISTIC PITFALLS
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail. 2014

PREVIOUS LESSONPREVIOUS LESSON

 This is the continuation from my previous “IntermediateThis is the continuation from my previous “Intermediate
Lesson on Islam -Lesson on Islam - TAUTAUHHEEDEED” module *. In that part one” module *. In that part one
module, we have covered topics of :module, we have covered topics of :
[1] Introduction to the various Approaches in Developing[1] Introduction to the various Approaches in Developing
AQEEDAHAQEEDAH -- TAUTAUHHEEDEED (Attestation to Oneness of God).(Attestation to Oneness of God).
[2] Causes of wrong thinking; Postulates in thinking; and[2] Causes of wrong thinking; Postulates in thinking; and
Some important Cornerstone of Islamic thoughts.Some important Cornerstone of Islamic thoughts.
[3][3] TAUTAUHHEED AL-EED AL-KHKHAALIQIYYAHAALIQIYYAH
[4][4] TAUTAUHHEED AR-RUBIBIYYAHEED AR-RUBIBIYYAH
[5][5] TAUTAUHHEED AL-ULUHIYYAH WAL- ‘UBUDIYYAHEED AL-ULUHIYYAH WAL- ‘UBUDIYYAH
So now, for TauSo now, for Tauhheed part two module, I shall covereed part two module, I shall cover
“TAU“TAUHHEED AS-SIFAT”EED AS-SIFAT”

““LIMITLESS in His glory is thy Sustainer, theLIMITLESS in His glory is thy Sustainer, the
Lord of almightiness, [exalted] above anythingLord of almightiness, [exalted] above anything
that men may devise by way of definition!”that men may devise by way of definition!”
((Qur’an: Shaffat: 37: 108Qur’an: Shaffat: 37: 108))

““Utterly remote is Allah, in His limitless glory,Utterly remote is Allah, in His limitless glory,
from anything to which men may ascribe afrom anything to which men may ascribe a
share in His divinity!share in His divinity!!”!”
((Qur’an: Shaffat: 59: 23Qur’an: Shaffat: 59: 23))

MUQADDIMAH
MUQADDIMAH
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
This is one of the traditional approaches inThis is one of the traditional approaches in
ensuring the understanding of attributes ofensuring the understanding of attributes of
Allah, amongst Muslims who are exposed toAllah, amongst Muslims who are exposed to
other religious or philosophical views, does notother religious or philosophical views, does not
deviate from that of the pious predecessors’deviate from that of the pious predecessors’
(Salafus-Soleheen)(Salafus-Soleheen)

NOW TO CONTINUE ...

WARNING
WARNING
““Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue withWhoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with
the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish;the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish;
or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself;or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself;
Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”
((Hadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn MajahHadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn Majah))

 There are some people who tries to ‘attack’ Islam byThere are some people who tries to ‘attack’ Islam by
misreading themisreading the Qur’anQur’an andand AhadithAhadith; quoting words out of; quoting words out of
context; applying their own interpretations (or rathercontext; applying their own interpretations (or rather
misinterpretations) to some of the words pertaining to themisinterpretations) to some of the words pertaining to the
attributes of Allah; accusing Muslims of anthropomorphism , etc.attributes of Allah; accusing Muslims of anthropomorphism , etc.

 Allah in the Qur’an has already warned us of this and thusAllah in the Qur’an has already warned us of this and thus
provided the guidelines regarding its interpretation, which allprovided the guidelines regarding its interpretation, which all
traditional Islamic scholars have applied since the time of thetraditional Islamic scholars have applied since the time of the
Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.
 Muslims must be informed of this.Muslims must be informed of this.

“He (Allah) it is Who has sent down to thee the Book: in it
are AAYAT MUHKAMAT - verses basic or fundamental (of
established meaning); they are the foundation of the Book:
others are AAYAT MUTASHAABIHAT – verses not of well-
established meaning. But those in whose hearts is
perversity follow the part thereof that is not of well-
established meaning (AAYAT MUTASHAABIHAT ), seeking
discord, and searching for its interpretation...”
(Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 7)

““ ... but no one knows its true meanings except Allah... but no one knows its true meanings except Allah **, and, and
those who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe inthose who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in
it; the whole of it is from our Lord"; and none will grasp theit; the whole of it is from our Lord"; and none will grasp the
Message except men of understanding.”Message except men of understanding.”
((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 7Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 7))
 Some Islamic scholars opine that this phrase ends hereSome Islamic scholars opine that this phrase ends here ** ––
therefore they contend that nobody else knows the interpretationtherefore they contend that nobody else knows the interpretation
((TA’WILTA’WIL) of the) of the MUTASHABIHATMUTASHABIHAT verses except Allah alone.verses except Allah alone.

““ ... but no one knows its true meanings except Allah... but no one knows its true meanings except Allah **, and, and
those who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe inthose who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in
it; the whole of it is from our Lord"; and none will grasp theit; the whole of it is from our Lord"; and none will grasp the
Message except men of understanding.”Message except men of understanding.”
While many others differ from this view and contend that knowledgeWhile many others differ from this view and contend that knowledge
ofof TA’WILTA’WIL is also known by “is also known by “those firmly grounded in knowledgethose firmly grounded in knowledge “ -“ -
e.g. Companion Ibnu Abbas r.a. whom the Prophet s.a.w. approved ofe.g. Companion Ibnu Abbas r.a. whom the Prophet s.a.w. approved of
and make Du’a for it to be given to him by Allah SWT.and make Du’a for it to be given to him by Allah SWT.

“Whoever claims that Allah is in something or on something
or from something, commits the “SHIRK.”
Because if He was in something, He would be contained,
and if He was on something, He would be carried, and if He
was from something, He would be a creature (creation)."
** Imam Ja’afar ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn Hussein ibn ‘Ali wa Fatimah binte RasulillahImam Ja’afar ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn Hussein ibn ‘Ali wa Fatimah binte Rasulillah
s.a.a.w. Regarded by thes.a.a.w. Regarded by the SHI’ITE MADZHABSHI’ITE MADZHAB as their sixth Imam, he was the mostas their sixth Imam, he was the most
prominent leader of Prophet’s Household (prominent leader of Prophet’s Household (AHLIL-BAYTAHLIL-BAYT ) of his time, the teacher also to) of his time, the teacher also to
many Imams ofmany Imams of AHLUS-SUNNAHAHLUS-SUNNAH like Abu Hanifa, Malik, etc.like Abu Hanifa, Malik, etc.

(In agreement to this) Imam Abu Ja’far At-Tahaawiy rh.m. said:(In agreement to this) Imam Abu Ja’far At-Tahaawiy rh.m. said:
"Whoever ascribe meaning to Allah’s attribute, with (the same)"Whoever ascribe meaning to Allah’s attribute, with (the same)
meanings as the attributes of humans, commits (meanings as the attributes of humans, commits (KUFRKUFR) a) a
blasphemy.“blasphemy.“
((Quote from “Aqeedatut-Tahaawiyyah”Quote from “Aqeedatut-Tahaawiyyah”))

 They are those NEO-SALAFIS * who insist that Allah, literally, is
in a place i.e. the heaven (sky), as in a verse:
* True SALAFIS are only those of the SAHABI, TABI-’IN and TABI’-TA-BI-’IN period.

 They are those NEO-SALAFIS * who insist that Allah, literally, is
in a place i.e. the heaven (sky), as in a verse:
* True SALAFIS are only those of the SAHABI, TABI-’IN and TABI’-TA-BI-’IN period.
““Do ye feel secure that He Who is in heaven (Do ye feel secure that He Who is in heaven (FIS-SAMAA’FIS-SAMAA’))
will not cause you to be swallowed up by the earth whenwill not cause you to be swallowed up by the earth when
it shakes (as in an earthquake)?”it shakes (as in an earthquake)?”
((Qur’an: Mulk: 67: 16Qur’an: Mulk: 67: 16))

 Yet they adamantly insist that they are being true to the
Salafus-Soleheen, whereas their argument in fact, indicate
insistence to defend a literal interpretation (anthropomorphic)
by always quoting many of these mutashaabihat ayat while
preventing (or condemning even) any one who tries to offer a
clear and correct interpretation (TA’WIL) consistent with aayat
Muhkamat (which is as explained and commanded by Allah).

 It is true that some SALAF did not apply TA’WIL , like Imam
Malik r.a. yet in actual fact they also “forbade” people from
ever applying “any literal meanings” to these verses.

 Their stand was as Imam Shafi-’ie r.a. said:

"I believe in what Allah revealed according to the meaning that"I believe in what Allah revealed according to the meaning that
Allah intended, and in what the Messenger of Allah conveyedAllah intended, and in what the Messenger of Allah conveyed
according to the meaning that the Messenger of Allah intend."according to the meaning that the Messenger of Allah intend."
 Their stand was as Imam Shafi-’ie r.a. said:

 The statement is to warn others from tampering or changing the
actual words as used by Allah or His Prophet.

 At the time, there was real danger of TAHRIF (possibility of
interpolation or TAMPERING to the original text of revelation).

 At the time, there was real danger of TAHRIF (possibility of
interpolation or TAMPERING to the original text of revelation).
 Many of our SALAF simply accepted it as ‘allegorical’ or
metaphorical (figure of speech) of which the meaning is not to be
understood in their literal sense.

 The proper meanings are not literal according to the sensuous
and physical meanings, such as ascribing places, shapes, limbs,
movements, sitting, colours, directions, smiling, laughing, or any
other meanings which are not permissible to be attributed to Allah.

 The proper meanings are not literal according to the sensuous
and physical meanings, such as ascribing places, shapes, limbs,
movements, sitting, colours, directions, smiling, laughing, or any
other meanings which are not permissible to be attributed to Allah.
 In the KHALAF period, the danger now is that the ignorant
people are mistakenly assuming or interpreting their meaning,
literally. Thus the necessity for TA’WIL to ensure they have the
correct understanding.

 But these NEO-SALAFIS suppressed or twisted the fact into a
blatant lie, as though ‘implying’ that – there was not even a single
scholars amongst the pious predecessors (SALAFUS-SOLIHEEN) of
the three generations who has ever applied any TA’WIL
(interpretation) upon these aayat Mutashaabihat. Therefore to do
so now is deviancy according to them.

 But these NEO-SALAFIS suppressed or twisted the fact into a
blatant lie, as though ‘implying’ that – there was not even a single
scholars amongst the pious predecessors (SALAFUS-SOLIHEEN) of
the three generations who has ever applied any TA’WIL
(interpretation) upon these aayat Mutashaabihat. Therefore to do
so is now deviancy according to them.
 Whereas in actual fact, historically and well-known by them who
study , there were many SALAF who applied TA’WIL, even SAHABIY
whom the Prophet s.a.a.w. sought that Allah grant him the ability.

Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. made this Du’a for Ibnu Abbas. r.a.
“O Allah! Teach him the Wisdom (knowledge of Sunnah) and
TA’WIL (interpretation) of the Book.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary, Ibnu Majah and others)

Ibn ‘Abbas, Sufyan ath-Thaury, Mujaahid, Sa’id Ibn Jubayr,
Malik, Ahmad, al-Bukhary, an-Nawawy, Ibn Rajab al-Hanbaly,
Ibnul-Jawziyy, Ibn Hajar, al-Bayhaqy, Abu Fadl at-Tamimy,
‘Abdul-Qahir al-Baghdady,
And even the famous linguist and scholar of Hadith, Murtada az-
Zabidiyy, and others.

““But those in whose hearts is perversity follow the part thereofBut those in whose hearts is perversity follow the part thereof
that is not of well-established meaning (that is not of well-established meaning (MUTASHAABIHATMUTASHAABIHAT),),
seeking discord (seeking discord (FITNAHFITNAH)”)”

““(Allah) Most Gracious is firmly established(Allah) Most Gracious is firmly established
((ISTAWAISTAWA) on the Throne (of authority).”) on the Throne (of authority).”
((Qur’an: Ta Ha: 20: 5Qur’an: Ta Ha: 20: 5))
The Arabic word “The Arabic word “ISTAWAISTAWA” literally means “sit” or “establish”, but” literally means “sit” or “establish”, but
can also be used as a figure of speech, in a metaphorical orcan also be used as a figure of speech, in a metaphorical or
allegorical sense – which is why Allah clearly referred to such versesallegorical sense – which is why Allah clearly referred to such verses
asas AAYAT MUTASHAABIHATAAYAT MUTASHAABIHAT. (. (ref: Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 7ref: Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 7))

 Their meanings must be referred to and consistent with theTheir meanings must be referred to and consistent with the
Foundation of the Book, the clear verses termedFoundation of the Book, the clear verses termed AAYATAAYAT
MUMUHHKAMATKAMAT..

“He (Allah) it is Who has sent down to thee the
Book: in it are AAYAT MUHKAMAT - verses basic
or fundamental (of established meaning); they
are the foundation of the Book: others are AAYAT
MUTASHAABIHAT – verses not of well-established
meaning…”
(Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 7)

 Therefore correct way of explaining the MUTASHAABIHAT aayat in
the Qur‘an is to say one believes in them according to the meaning
that Allah willed or intended it, without implying literally what that
meaning is; and without a 'how,' i.e., without attributing to Allah
‘sitting, standing, occupying places, sensuous attributes’, or any of
the meanings that apply to humans and others in creations.

“ISTAWA” (Establishment) is known; the ‘how’ of it is unknown;
and this act is beyond (any finite) conception; belief in it is
obligatory, and the questioning about it is (reprehensible)
innovation –BID’AH.”

 The NEO-SALAFIS often use this statement to accuse
(or insinuate) that traditional Islamic scholars today
who accepts and apply TA’WIL , are committing
BID’AH.

 The NEO-SALAFIS often use this statement to accuse
(or insinuate) the traditional Islamic scholars today
who accepts and apply TA’WIL , are committing BID’AH.
 This is malicious because actually the BID’AH is
when ordinary people began to ‘question’ the apparent
anthropomorphic implication of these verses – as
warned by Imam Malik r.a. : “and the questioning about
it is (reprehensible) innovation –BID’AH.”

 So our traditional scholars are only responding to this
BID’AH by ensuring that such misinterpretation is avoided.
 While it is those NEO-SALAFIS or whosoever who allow such
‘misinterpretation’ to these “MUTASHAABIHAT” verses to
persist, not giving the correct TA’WIL (some even preventing
by condemning others who are giving it’s correct
interpretation), they are the ones who are being irresponsible
to the ummah and indeed, condoning the real BID’AH.

 So our traditional scholars are only responding to this
BID’AH by ensuring that such misinterpretation is avoided.
 While it is those NEO-SALAFIS or whosoever who allow such
‘misinterpretation’ to these “MUTASHAABIHAT” verses to
persist, not giving the correct TA’WIL (some even preventing
by condemning others who are giving it’s correct
interpretation), they are the ones who are being irresponsible
to the ummah and indeed, condoning the real BID’AH.
WaAllaahu A’-lam

“Whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's
countenance (WAJH’).”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 115)
 Imam Mujahid, the student of Ibn ‘Abbas r.a., said that the word
WAJH means ‘QIBLAH,' i.e., the direction of prayers during the
voluntary prayers while traveling and riding on an animal. Yet, the
literalist (anthropomorphist) insist on taking the literal meaning; they
say the term, WAJH means 'face.'

““And We breathed (And We breathed (NAFAKH-NAANAFAKH-NAA) into her (body)) into her (body)
of Our spirit.”of Our spirit.”
((Qur’an: Tahrim: 66: 12Qur’an: Tahrim: 66: 12))
 When taken literally, it may mean that “Allah blew part of His
Soul” into Mary to conceive ‘Isa (Jesus) a.s. However, this is wrong
thus the scholars said that this ayah must be understood to mean:
“Allah ordered arch-angel Jibril to blow into Mary the soul ‘Isa a.s.
which is honorable to Allah.”

““(Allah) said: "O Iblis! what prevents thee from(Allah) said: "O Iblis! what prevents thee from
prostrating thyself to one whom I have createdprostrating thyself to one whom I have created
with My hands (with My hands (BI-YADAYBI-YADAY)?.”)?.”
((Qur’an: Sad: 38: 75Qur’an: Sad: 38: 75))
 The Arabic word “YAD” literally do means ‘hands’, yet here it is
clearly being used as a figure of speech, in a metaphorical sense.
Glory be Allah from the deviant assertions of the anthropomorphist.

AND THERE ARE MANY MORE …..AND THERE ARE MANY MORE …..

““Glory to thy Lord, the Lord of Honour and Power!Glory to thy Lord, the Lord of Honour and Power!
(He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)!(He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)!
And Peace on the Messengers!And Peace on the Messengers!
And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”

LAA- ILAA-HA- IL-LALLAAHU - WALAA- ILAA-HA- IL-LALLAAHU - WAHHDAHU –DAHU –
LAA – SHAREE-KA LAH, LAHUL-MULKU –LAA – SHAREE-KA LAH, LAHUL-MULKU –
WALAHUL-WALAHUL-HHAMD, WA-HUWA - ‘ALAAAMD, WA-HUWA - ‘ALAA
KUL-LI- SHAY -INQ- QADEER,KUL-LI- SHAY -INQ- QADEER,
““There is no god (none has the right to be worshipped)There is no god (none has the right to be worshipped)
except Allexcept Allaah, alone, without partner, to Him belongsh, alone, without partner, to Him belongs
all sovereignty and praise and He is All-Powerful overall sovereignty and praise and He is All-Powerful over
all things .”all things .”
IMPORTANT DZIKRIMPORTANT DZIKR

DU’A TAUGHT BY OUR PROPHET MUHAMMADDU’A TAUGHT BY OUR PROPHET MUHAMMAD
ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE – A –’UU-DZU-BIKA - MIN
AN - USH-RI-KA – BI-KA – SHAY-AN – WA –ANA –
A’-LAMU, WA –AS-TAGH-FIRU-KA –
MI-NADZ—DZAM - BIL– LADZII - LAA – A’-LAM
“O Allah! I seek refuge with You from committing SHIRK i.e. associating
others with You, knowingly, and I seek Your forgiveness from the
committing of the sins (of SHIRK) which I do not know.”
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la)

IMPORTANT DU’AIMPORTANT DU’A
““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be trueO Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true
and grant us ability to follow it.and grant us ability to follow it.
And make us see Falsehood to be false andAnd make us see Falsehood to be false and
grant us the ability to reject it.”grant us the ability to reject it.”
ALLAA-HUM-MA – ARI-NAL-HAQ-QA - HAQ-QAN
WAR- ZUQ-NAT - TI-BAA- ’A
WA-ARI-NAL – BAA-TWILA – BAA-TWI-LAAN
WAR-ZUQ-NAJ – TI –NAA - BAH

TO BE CONTINUEDTO BE CONTINUED --

TO BE CONTINUEDTO BE CONTINUED --
This is one of the traditional approaches in ensuring theThis is one of the traditional approaches in ensuring the
understanding of attributes of Allah, amongst Muslimsunderstanding of attributes of Allah, amongst Muslims
who are exposed to other religious or philosophical views,who are exposed to other religious or philosophical views,
does not deviate from that of the pious predecessorsdoes not deviate from that of the pious predecessors
(Salafus-Sole(Salafus-Solehheen)een)

http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/
All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:
57

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