7. Errors in your emails
• I'm going to explain you my briefs holidays
• I’m going to explain TO you my brief holidays
• I’m going to explain my brief holidays TO you
• i need to explain a lot of things
• I need to explain a lot of things
• How are you? how is your family? here they are
all very well.
• How are you? How is your family? Here they are
all very well.
TO is always needed with “explain” (for the Indirect object)
You need a capital letter after a question
mark or an exclamation mark
8. Errors in your emails 2
• I want explain my holidays
• I want TO explain my holidays
• I went with my father and my mother to
Guadalajara, because there…
• I went to Guadalajara with my father and my
mother because there…
• We went to the beach and I loved it
• We went to the beach, and I loved it
No comma after “because”
Comma before
“and” and “or”
when they
separate two full
sentences
9. Phrasal verbs???
• Hang out (with): pasar el rato
• Get back: volver
• Catch up (on): Ponerse al día
• Get together: juntarse
• Meet up (with) : juntarse
• Look forward to + ing : quedar a la espera de /
tener ganas
27. VERBS FOLLOWED BY ING / TO INF.
VERB + ING VERB + TO INFINITIVE BOTH POSSIBILITIES
CAN’T STAND
I cant stand doing nothing
ENJOY
I enjoy playing tennis
CAN’T RESIST (no puedo
resistirme a)
I can’t resist reading other
people’s mail
WANT
I want to break free
WOULD LIKE
I would like to be rich one
day
CANT’ WAIT
I can’t wait to see you!
LIKE
HATE
PREFER
LOVE
EXCEPTION I’M LOOKING FORWARD TO + GERUND
I’m looking forward to seeing you very soon
28. TAKE AFTER = LOOK LIKE
Dogs often take after their owners
31. Present Perfect
• Subject + verb + past participle
• What is a past participle?
• How well did you do last year in irregular
verb exams?
32. THE PRESENT PERFECT
Actions that started in the past, arrive to the
present and may continue in the future
My teacher has written three plays
Action started Action finished Present
Shakespeare wrote many wonderful plays
(Why is this a simple past?)
THE
SIMPLE
PAST
33.
34. To talk about experience
• HAVE YOU EVER… ? (in question, it means
“at any time in your life”)
• I HAVE NEVER… (an experience I have not
had)
• I HAVE ALWAYS… (since I can remember
37. I HAVE just…. - actions recently
completed
• Arrived to school
38. Yet and already to indicate completion
• Yet – REFERS TO PRESENT AND FUTURE
• end of negative sentence or clause –
• I have not washed the dishes yet
• End of questions –
• Is dinner ready yet?
• It is not used in affirmative sentences
• Already – REFERS TO THE RECENT PAST (surprise that something has happened /
been done earlier than expected
• Usually in mid position –
• I have already washed the dishes
• At the age of three, Mozart had already learnt to play the piano
• But final position is also possible -
• Have you finished the typing already?
• Already is not used in negative sentences
39. YET – questions and negative
sentences
• Have you washed the dishes YET? – I haven’t
washed the dishes yet
• YET has Future Connotations (I will wash them
in the near future)
40. Already – affirmative sentences
• ALREADY HAS PAST CONNOTATIONS – (I
washed them half an hour ago.)
41. Uncompleted actions and events
• FOR AND SINCE
• I have lived in Barcelona for ______________ PERIODS OF
TIME (3 MONTHS, 2 YEARS…)
• I have lived in Barcelona since ___________ POINTS IN TIME
(September, 1960, six o’clock, August…)
42. TWO TYPES OF USES OF THE
PRESENT PERFECT
• Actions completed in the Past actions that affect the present
• News – I have lived in Hospitalet since I was a child (no reference to time)
• TIME SPAN IS STILL PRESENT (ALTHOUGH THE ACTION IS PAST)
» ALREADY (Usually used in affirmative sentences. To talk
about something that has happened earlier than expected.)
» YET (Usually used in negative sentences to talk about
something that ha not happened but will probably happen
soon)
• TIME SPAN IS ALREADY PAST
» JUST (a short time before)
Uncompleted actions
» For + periods of time
» Since + point in time
43. VOCABULARY REVIEW
• Watching movies is my favorite _________.
• Jack is always making jokes – you can’t have a ___
conversation with him.
• Are you _________ your holiday?
• Some people talked _________ the film – it was
so annoying!
• It’s important to ________ this hard work until
your exams.
• I never accept ________ as friends online.
passtime
meaningful
Looking forward to
throughout
maintain
strangers
Editor's Notes
Nuria’s reflection
Yet and already are used when time span is still present, while just is used with past actions that affect the present.
It is more clear to me now how we use the present perfect to refer to past actions when we do not specify the time. Since we also use the present perfect with since and for, where time is important, that use of the present perfect was unclear to me.
Set dates for irregular verb exams
I have never….
I have always thought… - time is not important, with always (I thought about this in the past, and will probably still think the same tomorrow)
I am not introducing already, which would be used to talk about a past action but time spam is still present (I have done the cleaning this morning already).
He has just…
Just is used for a recent past action. Consequences arrive to the present (I am late, the teacher is going to punish me)
Yet goes in final position
Yet and already are used to talk about past actions with results in the present = The dishes are not washed
TIME SPAN IS STILL PRESENT EVEN IF THE ACTION IS PAST
What is the difference between yet and already? Can you make this question affirmative
