This document provides an overview of a grammar course designed by Santy Requejo Saldaña in 2018. It discusses the framework used, including form, meaning, and use. It also covers topics like tense, aspects, modals, subject-verb agreement, articles, pronouns, and more. The goal is to teach grammar in a deductive way, considering the needs of teachers and proficiency levels. Examples are provided to illustrate various grammar points.

1. GRAMMAR COURSE
BY Santy Requejo Saldaña
ICPNA
2018

2. Designing this “Grammar Course” was a little
complex.
1. I had to give consideration to the needs of teachers and their level of
proficiency.
2. Because of the results I decided to choose the teaching of grammar in an
deductive way.
3. I asked somebody to help me choose the book which could be RIGHT for
you.

3. WHAT IS THE POINT IN LEARNING
GRAMMAR?
Every language is used to express our thoughts and we have been constantly
looking for ways to understand and improve it.
And in order to have this, we need to know some set of rules to use.
Understanding these rules can help us to work out what people mean when
they attempt to express themselves.

4. FORM
MEANING
USE

5. A THREE DIMENSIONAL GRAMMAR
FRAMEWORK
MEANING/
SEMANTICS
FORM/
STRUCTURE
USE/
PRAGMATICS

7. •

8. COOKING
USE FORM MEANING
As a main part of
continuous forms
As a subject or
object
Verb + ing Indicates the action is
happening at the
moment of speaking
Action/activity

9. WHAT + DO + Subject + LOOK LIKE?
DOES

10. WHAT + BE + Subject + LIKE?

15. +Permanent situations
+truths or laws of nature
+habits
+reviews, sports commentaries, headlines
+timetables, programs
+temporary situation
+changing/developing situation
+action happening at the moment of speaking
+fixed arrangement in the near future
• Every day
• Usually
• In the morning
• At noon/night
• Now
• Now
• At the moment
• At present
• Nowadays
• Today
• Tonight
• Still
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS

16. Stative verbs
• Feel
• Hear
• Smell
• Taste
• See
• Adore
• Detest
• Dislike
• Forgive
• Hate
• Like
• Understand
• Forget
• Believe
• Hope
• Plan
• Agree
• Suppose
• Appear
• Belong
• Concern
• Fit
• Mean
• Know
• Hurt
• Own
• Possess
• Prefer
• Want
• Require
• Need
• Wish
• Keep

17. STATE ACTION
I see what he means I am seeing my Friends.
Bob thinks he is the best. We are thinking of moving.
I have 3 cars. I am having trouble in math.
This pillow feels soft. I am feeling his forehead for fever.
The soup tastes strange. Why are you tasting the soup?
He loves video games. He is loving our performance.
Mike is an easygoing person. He is being rude now.
The chicken looks delicious. I am looking at the sunset.
Julia appears in that film. Titanic is appearing at Cine Planet.
Sandra weighs 40 kilos. The Clerk is weighing apples.
These shoes don´t fit me. The workers are fitting the cabinets.

18. For recently completed actions
for completed actions connected to the
present
for personal experiences/changes
for actions started in the past and continuing
up the present
past actions of certain duration with
results/effects in the present
• Just
• Ever
• Already/yet
• Recently/lately
• Far
• Since/for
• This week
• Just
• Since
• For
• All day/week
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

19. Will Going to
General prediction
For decisions made at the
moment of speaking
For actions that can´t be
controlled
General prediction
For plans about the future
For actions we have already
decided to do
For confident predictions
based on what we see/know
Tomorrow
The day after
tomorrow
Next week
Tonight
Soon
In a week
On 2 days

20. Future progressive Future perfect
• This afternoon
• Tonight
• In an hour
• On Monday morning
• Before
• By
• By then
• By the time

21. LINKING WORDS
• A linking word or “linker”, is a word or set of words that
can act as a bridge between ideas. Linkers help to make a
piece of writing flow and are also known as “transitions”.
Grammatically, the linker is not necessary to the structure
of the sentence.

22. Grammar framework
• Structure
FORM
• Semantics
MEANING
• Pragmatics
USE
Santyna
How is it formed? What does it mean? When/why is it used?

23. TEACHING GRAMMAR
Santyna
• Deductive
• Inductive
PRESENTATION
• Mechanical
• Manipulative
PRACTICE
• Communicative
PRODUCTION

24. Let’s correct the following sentences
• We always work in the garden in spring.
• This house was built in 1967 .
• I will visit Piura next week.
• I usually have my vacation at the beach on March 12.
• She will go to the cinema on Tuesday evening.
• Dad does not go to work on Sunday.
Santyna

25. ADVERB CLAUSES
Time clauses Main clauses
After she graduates,
After she graduated,
She will get a job.
She got a job.
Before Sonia comes, I will leave.
When it began to rain,
He was talking on the pone.
He had already arrived home.
He stood under a tree.
When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.

26. Time clauses Main clauses
While/As I was walking home. It began to rain.
By the time he arrived,
By the time he comes,
We had eaten breakfast.
We will have already eaten
breakfast.
Since she was 8 years old, She has always wanted to be a
doctor.
Until you finished your work, You stayed here.

27. Time clauses Main clauses
As soon as /Once it stops raining, We will leave.
As long as / So long as I live, I will never speak to her again.
Whenever/Every time I see him, I say “hello”.
The first time I saw that dog,
The last time I taught,
The next time I see a dog,
I loved it.
I was nervous.
I am going to run.

28. Shortly after
a short time after
a Little while after
not long after
soon after
• Shortly before
• A short time before
• A little while before
• Not long before
More expressions with “after and before”

29. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
ONE OF THE EGGS IS BROKEN.
SUBJECT

30. EACH
EITHER
NEITHER
ONE
NO ONE
EVERYONE
SOME
ANY ONE
NOBODY
SOMEBODY
ANYBODY
EVERYBODY
SOMEONE IN
THE GAME
NEITHER OF
THE MEN
WAS
IS
HURT.
WORKING.

31. Neither…..nor
either…..or
not only……but also
• EITHER THE BEARS OR THE LION HAS ESCAPED FROM THE
ZOO.
• NEITHER THE LION NOR THE BEARS HAVE ESCAPED FROM
THE ZOO.
• MY AUNT OR MY UNCLE IS ARRIVING BY TRAIN TODAY.

32. MOST SOME
ANY
ALL
SEVERAL
MOST
OF THE NEWS
OF THE FLOWERS
IS GOOD.
LOOK GREAT.
ALL
OF THE MILK
OF THE KIDS
WAS SPILLED.
WERE AT THE PARK.

33. USE A SINGULAR VERB WITH DISTANCES,
PERIODS OF TIME, SUMS OF MONEY, ETC, WHEN
CONSIDERED AS A UNIT.
• THREE MILES IS TOO FAR TO WALK.
• FIVE YEARS IS THE MAXIMUN SENTENCE FOR THAT OFFENSE.
• TEN DOLLARS IS A HIGH PRICE TO PAY.

34. If two subjects are joined by “and”, they
require a plural verb form.
• The cow and the pig are jumping.
• Red beans and rice is my mom´s favorite dish.

35. EVERY OF HIS KIDS
SOME SHEEP
NONE PRESIDENT
EACH PEOPLE
MOST OF THE FOOD
A LOT OF OF THE LAWYERS
Let’s match

36. EVERY PRESIDENT
SOME OF THE LAWYERS
NONE OF THE LAWYERS
EACH OF HIS KIDS
MOST OF THE FOOD
A LOT OF SHEEP
Let’s match

37. • A Person
 An Idea
 A Thing
 A Place

38. Nouns
Proper
nouns
Common
nouns
Chiclayo
Ripley
ICPNA
Rosa
Juan
Teacher
Mouse
Sheep
Criteria
Photos

39. NUMBER
GENDER
AS
MODIFIERS
POSSESSIVE
FORM
commonNO
UNS

40. BOX
CAR
CHILDREN
CITY
ROOF
LIFE
MILK
SUGAR
INFORMATION
TIME
FURNITURE
BOXES
CARS
ROOFS
CHILD-CHILDREN
Woman women
Mouse mice

41. GENDER
MALE FEMALE NEUTER
LION LIONESS DOCTOR
WAITER WAITRESS STUDENT
BACHELOR SPINSTER TEACHER
KING QUEEN COUSIN
WIZARD WITCH FRIEND
BULL COW NURSE
ROOSTER HEN COMRADE

42. SINGULAR POSSESSIVE
NOUNS
PLURAL POSSESSIVE
NOUNS
The Teacher´s
Her husband´s
Daniela´s
Mr. Rojas´s
The lady´s
Book
Children
Coins
Paper
Car
The Teachers´
Her husbands´
The ladies´
Our children´s
The wives´
Book
Children
Coins
Paper
Car

43. NOUNS AS MODIFIERS
THIS IS SOUP.
IT HAS VEGETABLES.
IT IS A BUILDING.
THE BUILDING HAS FIVE
FLOORS.
I HAVE A STORE.
I SELL SHOES.
IT IS VEGETABLE SOUP.
MODIFIER
THIS IS A FIVE-FLOOR BUILDING.
MODIFIER
I HAVE A SHOE STORE.
MODIFIER

44. ARTICLES
DEFINITE INDEFINITE
THE A
AN
COUN NOUNS:
SINGULAR OR PLURAL
NON-COUNT NOUNS
COUNT NOUNS:
SINGULAR FORM

45. • I WANT A MANGO NOW.
• THERE IS AN OPERA AT “DOS DE
MAYO” THEATER TONIGHT.
• I WOULD LIKE TO DRINK JUICE.
• I DON´T KNOW IF THERE IS TIME
FOR COOKING.
THE MANGO I ATE YESTERDAY
WAS DELICIOUS.
REMEMBER THE OPERA IN LIMA,
IT WAS GREAT!
LOOK AT THE JUICE IN THIS JAR. IS
IT OK?
WE DIDN´T HAVE THE TIME FOR
COOKING.

46. QUANTITY COUNT NOUNS
SINGULAR/ PLURAL
NON-COUNT NOUNS
ONE
EACH
EVERY
BOTH
A COUPLE OF
A FEW
SEVERAL
MANY
A NUMBER OF
A LITTLE
MUCH
A GREAT DEAL OF
NO
A LOT OF
PLENTY OF
MOST
ALL

47. PRONOUNS
Are words which are used instead of nouns or
noun phrases
Pronouns are often used to refer to a noun that
has already been mentioned.
MRS. SALDAÑA WROTE TWO COMPLAINT LETTERS FOR RIPLEY YESTERDAY.
THE COVER OF THE BOOK WILL BE DONE NEXT WEEK.
She
It
them

48. PRONOUNS
Subject
pronouns
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
THEY
Object
Pronouns
ME
YOU
HIM
HER
IT
US
THEM
Possessive
Adjectives
MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
THEIR
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS
MINE
YOURS
HIS
HERS
OURS
THEIRS
REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS
MYSELF
YOURSELF
HIMSELF
HERSELF
OURSELVES
YOURSELVES
THEMSELVES

50. TO BE CONTINUED
• English Grammar in Use.
Raymond Murphy. Third Edition
• The blue book of grammar and
punctuation. Jane Straus