The document summarizes the main instruments used in oral surgery, which include those for incising tissues, controlling hemorrhage, grasping tissues, elevating mucoperiosteum, removing bone, retracting soft tissues, suturing mucosa, irrigation/suction, and holding the mouth open. Key instruments described are scalpels, hemostats, periosteal elevators, bone rongeurs, retractors, needle holders, suture materials and scissors. Proper use of each instrument is outlined.

2. The main instruments
include the followings :
Lab.2
1) Instruments to incise the tissues
2) Instruments for controlling hemorrhage
3) Instruments to grasp tissues
4) Instruments for mucoperiosteum elevation
5) Instruments for removing bone
6) Instrument for retraction of soft tissue
7) Instrument for suturing mucosa
8) Instrument for irrigation & for providing suction
9) Instruments for hold the mouth open

3. Instrumemt to Incision soft tissue
• Scalpel : Handle & Blades
Scalpel Handle NO.3
Scalpel Blades

4.  The most commonly used scalpel blade for intraoral surgery .
 The blade is small
 used to make incision around teeth and through soft tissue .
No.15 Blade

5. No.11 Blade
 Sharp pointed blade
 used primarily for making small stab incisions such as for
incising into an abscess .

6. No.12 Blade
 Its useful for mucogingival procedures in which
incisions are made on the aspects of teeth or in the
maxillary tuberosity area ( inaccessible area )

7. Correct way to load the scalpel blade on the
handle
of the scalpel.
Sliding of scalpel blade, with the male portion of
the fitting facing upward, with the aid of a hemostat

8. Scalpel is held in a pen grasp

9. Instruments for control Hemorrhage
Haemostat ( Artery Forceps ) :
• Long , delicate peak & Locked
handle
• Straight or curved
• Used to :
 clamp the vessel and stop
bleeding
 drain abscess
 pick up small particles that
dropped in the mouth or wound
area

10. Artery Forceps
Mouth mirror
Scalpel Blade
#11

12. Other methods for hemostasis
Absorbable Hemostatic
natural Collagen Sponges :
These are indicated in
cases of postextraction
bleeding
Gelatin sponges :
These are used to
treat post extraction
bleeding
Oxidized cellulose
in pellet form
Surgical bone wax
for treatment of
bone hemorhage

13. Instruments to Grasping tissue
1- Adson Forceps :
A) Toothed
• Used for stabilizing soft tissue
• Grasping Tissue for suturing
A) Non Teethed ( Plain ) :
• Used for stabilizing delicate mucosa
2- Allis Forceps :
• Locked handel & teeth in the blade
• Used to grip abnormal tissue firmly
• Never use it to drasp normal tissue

14. Adson Forceps ( toothed & plain )

15. Allis Forceps

16. Instruments for mucoperiosteum
Elevation ( Elevating Tissue )
Periosteal Elevator ( molt #9 , woodson ) :
 Double ended instrument has a sharp pointed end to reflect
interdental papillae & a broad flat round end to elevate tissue from
bone .

17. Used sharp pointed end of periosteal
elevator to reflect interdental papillae
Used a broad flat round end of periosteal elevator
to elevate tissue from bone .

18. Instruments for cutting the
bone ( Bone Removing )
1- Bone Rongeurs ( Bone nibbler or Bone cutter ) :
 Removing sharp bony margins & interseptal bone.
 Side cutting or end cutting or both
 spring loaded handles

19. Instruments for cutting the bone
( Bone Removing )
2 – Chisel & Mallet : Removing
large piece of bone
• Mallet : heavy-weighted ends ,
made of lead or of plastic To
absorbed shock when the mallet
strikes the chisel.
• The chisels : used in different
shapes and sizes . Their cutting
edges are concave or bibeveled
.The bibevel chisel ( osteotome )
is used for sectioning multi-
rooted teeth. Chisel
Mallet

20. Instruments for cutting the
bone ( Bone Removing )
3- Surgical Handpiece & Burs : Cutting the bone

21. Instruments for cutting the
bone ( Bone Removing )
4- Bone File :
 Double ended instrument with a small and large
ends
 The working end of the bone file have grooves
or slots
 Smoothen small , sharp edges of bone on Pull
stroke , one direction only
If pushing movement is used it will lead to
crushing of bone and this should be avoided.

23. Instrument used for soft tissue
Retraction
Instrument used to retract the cheek , tongue to have good vision and
access to perfom good surgery .
1- Minnesota Cheek Retractor : Retract the cheek & flap together .

24. Instrument used for soft tissue
Retraction
2- Weider Tongue Retractor : retract the tongue

25. Instrument used for soft tissue Retraction
3- Seldin Retractor : Tissue retractor
4- Mouth mirror : Retraction & illumination

26. Tongue depressor

27. Instruments for suturing of soft tissue
1. Suture material
2. Needle holder
3. Needles
4. Scissors

28. Instruments for suturing of soft tissue
1. Types Suture material :
 Absorbable material
 Non absorbable material
 Suture size (3,2,1,0/1,0/2,0/3,0/10)

29. Instruments for suturing of soft tissue
2- Needle Holder :
 used for suturing the wound
 locking handle device
 handle is long and the beaks are short ,
stout for intraoral suturing
 Inner surface of the beaks is
crosshatched .

30. Needle holder
Hemostate ( Artery Forceps
)

32. Instruments for suturing of soft
tissue
3- Needles :
 Triangular / round
or oval in cross
section.
 Eye or Eyeless
needle
 Holding needle in
last 1/3

33. Instruments for suturing of soft
tissue
4- Scissors :
 cut suture during suturing or on the removal of
sutures postoperatively

34. Instruments for irrigation and for
providing suction
Surgical Suction Tip
Special irrigation system for
irrigating the surgical field

35. Instruments for hold the mouth open
Bite blocks
mouth props