PON (Passive Optical Network) is a fiber optic network architecture that uses unpowered optical splitters to enable a single fiber to serve multiple premises. It provides higher bandwidth compared to traditional copper networks. The key components of a PON include an Optical Line Termination device at the service provider's central office, Optical Network Units/Terminals near end users, and an Optical Distribution Network containing splitters, fibers, and connectors to transmit data between components.

1. Basic of PON
PON, namely, Passive Optical Network, is a telecommunications network that uses
ponit-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are
used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. It is an
optical-fiber-based network architecture that can provide much higher bandwidth in
the access network compared with traditional copper-based networks and is
regarded as an ideal solution to last-mile bandwidth bottlenecks. Some of the most
primary PON parts and their functions will be introduced in the rest of this article.
PON consists of an Optical Line Termination (OLT) at the service provider’s Central
Office (CO), a number of Optical Network Units (ONUs) and Optical Network
Terminals (ONTs) near end users and Optical Distribution Network (ODN) within
which optical fibers, fiber optic connectors, passive optical splitters, and auxiliary
components collaborate with each other. The above picture shows passive optical
network system applied in FTTH/FTTB/FTTC/FTTCab.
OLT is located at the CO. Its main function is to control the information float across

2. the ODN, going both directions. OLT has two float directions: one is upstream
getting an distributing different type of data and voice traffic from users, the other is
downstream getting data, voice and video traffic from metro network or from a
long-haul network and sending it to all ONT modules on the ODN. ONT and
ONU are basically the same device. ONT is at the customer’s premises to use
optical fiber for connecting to the PON on the one side, while interfacing with
customers on the other side.
ONU receives optical signal and converts it into an electrical signal. However, it is
located outside the home, working in different temperature and weather conditions.
Thus, ONU should resist water, winds and vandals. There should be an emergency
battery backup in ONU in case that the power is off.
ODN containing optical fibers, fiber optic connectors, passive optical splitters, and
auxiliary components, is an indispensable path for transmitting PON data and
directly affects the performance, reliability, and scalability of a PON system. The
passive optical splitter or PON splitter in ODN is the main part of PON being
passive. With a single PON splitter taking one input cable, 32 or 64 subscribers can
be served at the same time. In PON the splitters can be arranged in star, ring or
tree configurations to increase reliability. There are mainly two kinds of passive
optical splitters: one is the traditional fused type splitter as known as FBT coupler or
FBT WDM optical splitter, which features competitive price; the other is the PLC
splitter based on the PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) technology, which has a
compact size and suits for density applications.

3. Fibercasa PON Solution The mentioned components are the basic parts of PON.
Fibercasa focusing on optical communication for more than 14 years in both
technology and manufacturing, can offer perfect PON solution according to
customers’ needs. All the mentioned components can be found in the online store of
Fibercasa, including but not limited to: OLT, ONT, ONU, splitter, optical fiber and
connectors.
View: www.fibercasa.com for more information