Passive Optical Network: FAQ’s
What is Passive Optical Network?
Passive Optical Network (PON) is a type of fibre-optic access network. A PON reduces the amount of cabling and equipment required compared to an active optical network, where each user has a separate connection to the network hub. Generally, a PON configuration contains an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) or optical network terminals (ONTs) near end users.
How does it work?
PON uses an optical splitter to allow multiple subscribers to share a single fibre connection to the service provider's network. Furthermore, the splitter is a passive device that does not require any power.
The OLT contains a laser that sends an optical signal down the fibre to the splitter. As a result, the splitter then separates the signal into multiple signals, each of which is sent to a different ONU or ONT.
The ONU or ONT converts the optical signal back into an electrical signal that can be used by the customer's equipment.
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Passive Optical Network - FAQs.docx
1. Passive Optical Network: FAQ’s
What is Passive Optical Network?
Passive Optical Network (PON) is a type of fibre-optic access network. A PON reduces the amount of
cabling and equipment required compared to an active optical network, where each user has a
separate connection to the network hub. Generally, a PON configuration contains an optical line
terminal (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs)
or optical network terminals (ONTs) near end users.
How does it work?
PON uses an optical splitter to allow multiple subscribers to share a single fibre connection to the
service provider's network. Furthermore, the splitter is a passive device that does not require any
power.
The OLT contains a laser that sends an optical signal down the fibre to the splitter. As a result, the
splitter then separates the signal into multiple signals, each of which is sent to a different ONU or
ONT.
The ONU or ONT converts the optical signal back into an electrical signal that can be used by the
customer's equipment.
Advantages
PON offers a number of advantages over other access technologies, such as, twisted pair or coaxial
cable:
PON is more scalable. It is easier to add new subscribers to a PON system than other types of
network.
The passive components in a PON system do not require power, which means that there are
fewer potential points of failure.
Cost-effective - the use of optical splitters means that a PON system can serve many
subscribers with a single fibre connection. As a result, this reduces the amount of cabling
and equipment required compared to other types of network.
Disadvantages
PON has a number of disadvantages compared to other access technologies:
PON is more vulnerable to environmental factors. For example, components can be
damaged by water, humidity, or temperature extremes.
The OLT and ONU/ONT equipment required for a PON system is more expensive than the
equipment required for other types of network.
Longer installation times - Passive optical components must be carefully installed and
aligned, which can take longer than other types of network.
What is Ethernet Passive Optical Network?
Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) is a type of Passive Optical Network (PON) that uses
Ethernet as the transport protocol. EPON is standardized by the IEEE 802.3ah committee.
2. EPON offers a number of advantages over other PON technologies:
Uses a standard Ethernet interface, which simplifies equipment compatibility and reduces
costs.
Supports a wide range of data rates, from 10Mbps to 1Gbps.
Can be easily upgraded to support higher data rates by simply changing the optical
transceivers.
What is Gigabit Passive Optical Network?
Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is a type of PON that supports data rates up to 2.5Gbps
downstream and 1.25Gbps upstream. GPON is standardized by the ITU-T G.984 series of
recommendations.
What is Next Generation Passive Optical Network?
Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON) is a type of PON that supports data rates up to
40Gbps downstream and 10Gbps upstream. NG-PON is standardized by the ITU-T G.989 series of
recommendations.
Advantages of GPON & NG-PON over other PON technologies:
Supports very high data rates, making it ideal for applications such as HDTV and video-on-
demand.
GPON & NG-PON are scalable - it is easy to add new subscribers or upgrade existing
subscribers to higher data rates.
Cost-effective: the use of optical splitters means that an NG-PON system can serve many
subscribers with a single fibre connection. As a result, this reduces the amount of cabling
and equipment required compared to other types of network.