Impact study of street foor hawkers

1. Street-Food Project Kolkata
Implemented by Gana Unnayan Parshad &
Joygopalpur Gram Vikash Kendra

2. 1. Motivation of the project
2. Methodology
3. Summary Statistics from the Baseline
Survey
 Geographical Area
 Demographic data
 Business data
 Hygiene Indicators

3.  Street-Vendors
 Represent 2% of urban population
 Source of self employment for the urban poor
 Source of affordable food to large part of the
urban population
 In Kolkata estimates say there are 150.000
street-food vendors (NCEUS, 2007)
Project Motivation

4.  However, street vendors suffer a welfare loss
because they work in the informal sector:
 They are subject to arbitrary evictions
 They are potential victims of abuses from
authorities
 They cannot demand any right
Formalization may help vendors!

5.  The national government is working to
formalize street-vendors expecting that…
“Vendors will suddenly change their
behaviours”
 The main hypothesis of the study is that
street-food vendors lack the necessary
awareness and capability to make alone such
a change in behaviour
 Project offers an innovative training to help
vendors in this process: specifically, to
improve their awareness and capability

6.  Awareness about:
 National hawkers act for protection and
livelihood
 Maintaining minimum Hygienic standards
 Health hazards
 Capability about:
 How to deal with hygienic standards and health
hazards
 How to improve their business

7.  Project offers a training designed for street-food
vendors in urban India
 Three workshops & follow-up visits at each kiosk
 Study took place in April,15-June,16
 How can we test the impact of the training?
 How can we explain the change in behavior?
 Impact Evaluation: Randomized Control Trial
2. Methodology

8.  The workshop offered to about 600 vendors
 Vendors have been randomly selected
 We selected vendors from different areas of the city
to have a representative sample of all the areas of
Kolkata
 We use a statistical software (STATA) to implement
the randomization and the statistical analysis

9.  Vendors are randomly assigned to different groups in
order to test the most effective way to improve
vendors’ performances!
 Vendors are randomly assigned to 4 groups:
 Group 1: pilot group for field testing
 Group 2: 3 –trainings within a period of 75 days
 Group 3: 3 –trainings within a period of 75 days along
with promotional materials
 Group 4: control group ( nothing done except
monitoring)

10.  The first baseline survey has been
collected in the period March-May 2015
 The following analysis is based on 924
collected surveys
 86% of vendors interviewed are owners of
the kiosk

12. Ultadanga: 57
Beliaghata: 80
Eden Garden: 42
Indian Museum: 37
Dalhousie: 254
Victoria Memorial: 68
Park Circus: 46
Rash Behari: 120
Behala: 84
Gariahat: 136
Dalhousi is the area
having the highest
vendors followed by
Rashbehari

14. 87%
13%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Men Women
Gender
• Men: 805; Women: 109
• Average age: 40 for men, 42 for women

15. 29%
27%
23%
12%
5%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
no school primary upper primary secondary high secondary university
Education
• Less than 50% of vendors completed primary school

16. • 70% of vendors in Ultadanga own their house;
• Only 25% of vendors in Park Circus own their house

17. 56%
41%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Bengali Hindi Other
Native Language

18. 40%
20%
40%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
No Yes Other
Are you originally from the Bengal…
• On average, they moved to Kolkata 26 years ago

19. 15%
36%
47%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Yes, a lot Yes, a little Maybe, I don't know No
Do you expect this training can improve your earnings?
• 93% of vendors are interested in participating in a
training

20. 73%
27%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Week End Week Day
When can you attend the training?
• 5% of vendors have already participated in a training

22. 42%
38%
11%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1 2 3 4 or more
How many people work in the stall (owner…

23. 53%
13%
20%
9% 7% 6%
2% 1%
0%
20%
40%
60% type of food sold
• 72% of vendors sell cooked food

25.  Average Revenue (per day): Rs. 1462
 Average Expenditure (per day): Rs. 1100
 Daily profits (per day): Rs. 360

26. • Highest revenue in Dalhousi & Ultadanga, lowest in
Victoria Memorial
Average revenue across 10 areas:

27. • Highest profits in Ultadanga, lowest in Victoria
Average profits across 10 areas:

28. 3% 3%
41%
9%
3% 3% 1%
21%
2% 1%
6% 8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50% Union Name
• 30% of vendors are not part of a union

30. • 35% of vendors pay extra-money to the police
• Highest percentage in Indian Museum, lowest in
Beliaghata

31. 50%
32%
14%
2%
54%
50%
16%
2% 1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Do you face any of these problem?
• 12% of vendors know of the National Act for Urban
Street Vendors 2014

33. Water & other tools
 95% of vendors providing water, use water
from a common container
 68% has a dustbin
 Only 1% uses an apron
 29% have “dirty” towels/cloths

34. Hygiene of the kiosk & cooking area
 38% had dirt or food debris on the floor
 26% had dust in the cooking area

35. Food
 35% Have raw food not covered
 25% Have cooked food not covered

36. Disposable Tools
 32% of vendors use disposable plates
 9% of vendors use disposable forks/spoons
 32% of vendors use disposable glasses

37.  Using STATA, we created an index which
measures vendors’ hygienic standards based
on the previous indicators
 This index aggregates all the observed
behaviour into a unique number
 The index takes value 0 for the lowest level
of hygiene and value 1 for the highest level
 Note: “1” can be interpreted as “behaving
according to the National Act”

38. • The average value is 0.57
Less Hygiene More Hygiene

39. • No big differences across areas!
Less Hygiene More Hygiene