Introduction to Monitoring and Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION TO
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Monitoring and Evaluation
The National Democratic Institute

2. INTRODUCTIONS/
GROUND RULES
• Introductions
• Ground Rules
• Ice Breaker Exercise

3. INTRODUCTION TO
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the importance of
monitoring and evaluation, key
concepts and frameworks
• To consider how gender can be
incorporated into M&E

4. TOPICS
• What is M&E?
• Why engage in M&E?
• Gender and M&E
• Logical framework approach
• Project lifecycle
• Data collection and analysis
• Evaluation design

5. KEY TERMS
• Indicator
• Input
• Output
• Intermediate result
• Outcome
• Objective
• Goal
• Target
• Baseline
• Impact
• Gender

6. EXERCISE: WHAT IS MONITORING
AND EVALUATION (M&E)?
Image: www.pixabay.com

7. MONITORING
• Continuous internal management
activity
• Ensures that project is on track
• Measures progress towards objectives
• Identifies problems

8. EVALUATION
• Assessing whether a project is achieving
its intended objectives
• Conducted periodically
• Internal or external
• Focuses on outcomes and impacts

9. WHY IS M&E IMPORTANT?
• Tracking resources
• Feedback on progress
• Improving project effectiveness
• Informing decisions
• Promoting accountability
• Demonstrating impact
• Identifying lessons learned

10. GENDER AND M&E
• Gendered priorities, constraints and
impact
• Failure to address gender leads to
inefficient and unsustainable results
and exacerbates inequities

11. GENDER ANALYSIS
• Can be undertaken at any stage but
most effective if included in design
• Systematic way of analyzing different
roles and impacts
• Asks the “who” questions
• How this will affect women and men?

12. MEASURING WOMEN’S
PARTICIPATION AND IMPACT
Photo: Getty Images
• Lack of reliable data on basic facts
• Keeps us from getting the most out of
investments
• “What gets measured gets done”
• Not enough invested in collecting data
nor in quantifying how equality yields
benefits

13. EXAMPLE: MEASURING IMPACT
Women’s representation/leadership on
Indian local councils:
• Better access to drinking water and
immunizations
• Higher career aspirations and
educational attainment for girls
Photo: Keith Bedford, International Herald Tribune

14. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Activities
Outputs
Intermediate
Results
Strategic
Objectives
Goal

15. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Outcomes
Evaluate
Goal (impacts)
Long-term, widespread
beyond the life of the project
Objective
Change: Effect of intermediate results on
target or beneficiaries by the end of the
project
Intermediate
results
Benefits: Intermediate effects of outputs
on target or beneficiaries
Processes
Monitor
Outputs Deliverables: Products/services produced
Activities Services: Tasks needed to reach outputs
Inputs Resources: Financial, human and material

16. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
EXAMPLE
Goal: More participatory, inclusive political processes
Objective: Political parties more inclusive,
representative of member concerns
Intermediate result: Parties implement reforms to
increase participation in platform development
Output: Parties develop action plans to increase
participation in platform development
Activities: Multi-party workshops on participatory
platform development; party consultations
Inputs: Staff, consultants, grant budget,
training guides
IF
THEN
THEN
THEN
THEN
IF
IF
IF
IF

17. EXERCISE: LOGFRAME RACE
Put the logframe components in the right order
Photo: David Mark, www.pixabay.com

18. INDICATORS
• Outcome versus process indicators
• Qualitative versus quantitative
• SMART
–Specific
–Measurable
–Achievable
–Relevant
–Time-bound Photo: www.pixabay.com

19. BASELINES AND BENCHMARKS
• Baseline
–Situation before project
–Demonstrates change
over time
• Benchmarks
–What you hope to
achieve by the end
• Targets
–Intermediate
benchmarks
Photo: www.pixabay.com

20. SEX-DISAGGREGATED
INDICATORS
• Sex-disaggregated indicator measures
change for men and women separately
• Gender indicator measures gender-
related changes

21. GENDER AND THE LOGFRAME
Evaluation
Monitoring
Empowerment;
overall well-being
Closing gender
gaps
Benefits for
women and men
Integration of
gender
Gender equity in
allocation of
resources
Objective
Goal
Intermediate
results
Activities
Inputs

22. PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
Phase 4: Project Evaluation
-Collect and analyze data
-Produce reports
-Identify lessons learned
Phase 1: Project Design
-Identify problem
-Develop logframe
-Develop M&E plan
Phase 3: Project Management
-Analyze data and produce
reports
-Manage activities
Phase 2: Project Start-up
-Conduct baseline
-Establish targets
-Establish M&E systems
M&E Life
Cycle

23. GENDER MAINSTREAMING AND
THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
1. Design
3. Implementation
4. M&E 2. Start-up
Gender analysis/needs
assessment
Gender planning
Gender-specific
action/capacity building
Gender-sensitive
M&E
Knowledge sharing
Gender expertise
Adequate
resources

24. GENDER MAINSTREAMING
STRATEGIES/TOOLS
• Involve women and men in
consultations
• Include sex-disaggregated data
• Strive for gender balance in
staff/experts
• Enable women and men to participate
and benefit equally

25. PROJECT DESIGN QUESTIONS
• Goals and objectives gender-sensitive?
• Input from men and women?
• Baseline incorporates gender analysis?
• Consultations on targets?
• Activities reflect gender sensitivity?

26. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
QUESTIONS
• Gender and sex-disaggregated data?
• Comparing data to baseline?
• M&E data used to adjust project?
• Women’s groups monitoring progress?
• Findings disseminated?
• References to gender in reports?
• Women involved in activities?
• Women accessing services?

27. PROJECT EVALUATION
QUESTIONS
• Differences in access? Why?
• Differences in impact? Why?
• How can differentials be addressed?
• How do results compare to targets?
• How did beneficiaries respond?
• Are results sustainable?
Photo: Sanja Gjenero, RGBstock.com

28. DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS
• Forms and procedures for data
collection
• Data collection plan by indicator
• Trained staff with clear roles and
responsibilities
• Database
• Regular reflection sessions

29. SECONDARY DATA SOURCES
• Regional or country MDG reports
• UNDP Human Development reports
• State Department Human Rights reports
• World Bank reports
• World Economic Forum
• Donor and NGO reports

30. EXERCISE: INTEGRATING GENDER
• Are the indicators gender aware?
• Are they input, output, outcome or impact
indicators?
• Are they quantitative or qualitative?
• How would you make them more gender-
aware?
• Identify 3 additional indicators and how data
would be collected.
Photo: World Bank

31. EVALUATION DESIGN
• Identify research questions
• Identify methods for data collection
• Develop and test data collection
instruments and protocols

32. EVALUATION CRITERIA
• Relevance
• Effectiveness
• Efficiency
• Impact
• Sustainability
Photo: Sanja Gjenero, RGBstock.com

33. INTRO TO M&E REVIEW
• Improve project effectiveness,
demonstrate impact, and identify lessons
learned
• Must address and mainstream gender
• Logframe with sex-disaggregated and/or
gender-specific indicators
• System for data collection and analysis
• Evaluate relevance, effectiveness,
efficiency, impact, and sustainability