The document discusses bandwidth utilization techniques of multiplexing and spreading. It defines bandwidth utilization as the wise use of available bandwidth to achieve specific goals. Multiplexing is used to achieve efficiency by allowing simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. Spreading is used to achieve privacy and anti-jamming. The document describes different types of multiplexing including frequency-division multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplexing, and time-division multiplexing. It provides examples of how analog and digital signals can be multiplexed.

1. Bandwidth Utilization:
Multiplexing and
Spreading
• Shamimi
• Aida
• Shira
• Rifka Hayati
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 1

2. Definition
Bandwidth Utilization:
“The wise use of available bandwidth to
achieve specific goals. ”
Multiplexing achieve “effeciency”
Spreading achieve “privacy and anti-jamming”
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 2

3. Bandwidth Utilization:
1 Multiplexing
2 Spreading
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 3

4. Definition
Multiplexing:
“Multiplexing is the set of techniques that
allows the simultaneous transmission of
multiple signals across a single data link.”
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 4

5. A dividing a link into channels
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 5

6. Type of multiplexing
Analog Multiplexing Technique
Digital Multiplexing Technique
Frequency-Division Wavelength-Division Time-Division
Multiplexing Multiplexing Multiplexing
“A analog multiplexing “A analog multiplexing “A digital multiplexing
technique to combine technique to combine technique to combine
analog signals” optical signals” several low-rate
channels into one
hight rate one”
Synchronous Asynchronous/
Statictical
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 6

7. Frequency-Division Multiplexing
“A analog multiplexing technique to combine analog signals”
This picture is a conceptual illustration of the multiplexing process.
Each source generates a signal of a similar frequency range. Inside
the multiplexer, these similar signals modulates different carrier
frequencies (f1, f2, and f3). The resulting modulated signals are
then combined into a single composite signal that is sent out over a
media link that has enough bandwidth to accommodate it.
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 7

8. Frequency-Division Multiplexing
“A analog multiplexing technique to combine analog signals”
The demultiplexer uses a series of filters to decompose the
multiplexed signal into its constituent component signals. The
individual signals are then passed to a demodulator that separates
them from their carriers and passes them to the output lines. This
picture is a conceptual illustration of demultiplexing process.
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 8

9. Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 9

10. Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 10