This is my mini project on bandwidth. Its the best i could do and if theres any enquires on my powerpoint slide show, please let me know lol :)
thankyou.
Bandwidth measures the maximum amount of data that can travel along a communications channel in a given time, and is measured in bits per second. It determines the overall performance and speed of a network connection. The part of the connection with the lowest bandwidth, such as older telephone wires, becomes the bottleneck. Modern internet bandwidth for home connections ranges from 56 kilobits per second for dial-up to over 100 megabits per second for superfast broadband.
This presentation introduces bandwidth and its importance. Bandwidth is defined as the amount of data that can be transferred from one point to another within a network in a specific amount of time, typically measured in bits per second. While bandwidth and speed are often used interchangeably, bandwidth refers to the capacity for data transmission at a given speed. The presentation discusses how bandwidth has increased access to the internet over time, its importance for downloading content quickly, and how both residential and commercial bandwidth are typically measured in megabits per second or gigabits per second.
A gateway is a networking device that connects two different protocol based networks and allows communication between them. In a home network, a gateway provides internet access to other devices on the local network. In an enterprise setting, a gateway provides security and manages traffic between the internal network and external networks like the internet.
Modem is a network device that enables a computer to transfer data from telephone lines to computers and computers to telephone lines.
The word modem is derived from modulator and demodulator.
Modem performs modulation and demodulation.
Unguided media, also known as wireless media, transmit data through space without the use of wires or cables. This includes transmission via radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. Radio waves are used for WiFi, mobile phones, remote controls, television broadcasts, and more. Modulation involves varying properties of a signal, and can be analog, transferring signals like audio, or digital, transferring bit streams. Infrared waves are used for short-range communication like night vision cameras, remote controls, and file sharing between devices that require a direct line of sight.
This document discusses various networking devices and wireless technologies. It describes how hubs operate at the physical layer by flooding traffic to all ports, while switches operate at the data link layer by examining packets and only sending to necessary ports. Modems convert between analog and digital signals. Bridges separate network segments, while routers connect different networks and use IP addresses. Wireless technologies discussed include Wi-Fi Direct for device-to-device connections, Wi-Fi HaLow for low power long range connections, Miracast for cable-free display sharing, ZigBee for mesh networks, and WiMax for high speed wireless broadband.
The document discusses various IEEE 802 standards for networking technologies including Ethernet, wireless LAN (802.11), and their variants and evolutions over time. It provides details on Ethernet standards and implementations such as 802.3, 10BASE5, 10BASE2, 10BASE-T, 10BASE-F, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet. It also summarizes key aspects of wireless networking standards such as 802.11 components, frame format, and physical layer specifications including FHSS, DSSS, OFDM, and associated data rates and frequencies.
Bandwidth measures the maximum amount of data that can travel along a communications channel in a given time, and is measured in bits per second. It determines the overall performance and speed of a network connection. The part of the connection with the lowest bandwidth, such as older telephone wires, becomes the bottleneck. Modern internet bandwidth for home connections ranges from 56 kilobits per second for dial-up to over 100 megabits per second for superfast broadband.
This presentation introduces bandwidth and its importance. Bandwidth is defined as the amount of data that can be transferred from one point to another within a network in a specific amount of time, typically measured in bits per second. While bandwidth and speed are often used interchangeably, bandwidth refers to the capacity for data transmission at a given speed. The presentation discusses how bandwidth has increased access to the internet over time, its importance for downloading content quickly, and how both residential and commercial bandwidth are typically measured in megabits per second or gigabits per second.
A gateway is a networking device that connects two different protocol based networks and allows communication between them. In a home network, a gateway provides internet access to other devices on the local network. In an enterprise setting, a gateway provides security and manages traffic between the internal network and external networks like the internet.
Modem is a network device that enables a computer to transfer data from telephone lines to computers and computers to telephone lines.
The word modem is derived from modulator and demodulator.
Modem performs modulation and demodulation.
Unguided media, also known as wireless media, transmit data through space without the use of wires or cables. This includes transmission via radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. Radio waves are used for WiFi, mobile phones, remote controls, television broadcasts, and more. Modulation involves varying properties of a signal, and can be analog, transferring signals like audio, or digital, transferring bit streams. Infrared waves are used for short-range communication like night vision cameras, remote controls, and file sharing between devices that require a direct line of sight.
This document discusses various networking devices and wireless technologies. It describes how hubs operate at the physical layer by flooding traffic to all ports, while switches operate at the data link layer by examining packets and only sending to necessary ports. Modems convert between analog and digital signals. Bridges separate network segments, while routers connect different networks and use IP addresses. Wireless technologies discussed include Wi-Fi Direct for device-to-device connections, Wi-Fi HaLow for low power long range connections, Miracast for cable-free display sharing, ZigBee for mesh networks, and WiMax for high speed wireless broadband.
The document discusses various IEEE 802 standards for networking technologies including Ethernet, wireless LAN (802.11), and their variants and evolutions over time. It provides details on Ethernet standards and implementations such as 802.3, 10BASE5, 10BASE2, 10BASE-T, 10BASE-F, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet. It also summarizes key aspects of wireless networking standards such as 802.11 components, frame format, and physical layer specifications including FHSS, DSSS, OFDM, and associated data rates and frequencies.
This document discusses different types of multiplexing techniques. It describes that multiplexing allows simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link using a multiplexer device. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the combined signals. The key types of multiplexing covered are frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and wave division multiplexing (WDM). FDM uses different frequencies, TDM divides time into slots, and WDM uses different light wavelengths. Synchronous and asynchronous TDM are also explained, with synchronous TDM assigning fixed time slots and asynchronous using flexible slots.
Wide Area Network (WAN) connects local area networks (LANs) over long distances using technologies like leased lines, DSL, frame relay, or VPNs. A WAN spans a larger geographic area than a LAN and uses networking devices like routers, switches, and modems. Common WAN technologies include leased lines, DSL, frame relay, cable internet, and SONET. WANs provide connectivity between LANs but usually at slower speeds and lower bandwidth compared to LANs. Security measures for WANs include firewalls, VPNs, and antivirus filtering.
Networking devices connect electronic devices together to share resources and include devices like hubs, switches, routers, and network interface cards. A repeater receives and retransmits signals to extend range without degradation and works at the physical layer. A hub is a multiport repeater that connects multiple wires in a star topology. A bridge connects two networks and works at the data link layer, maintaining a MAC address table to selectively forward data. A switch is an efficient, multi-port bridge that can check for errors and selectively forward packets to the correct port. A router routes packets based on IP addresses and connects LANs and WANs at the network layer.
This document discusses different types of networking devices used to connect local area networks (LANs). It describes hubs, repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways. Hubs and repeaters operate at the physical layer, bridges operate at the physical and data link layers, and routers and gateways operate at the network layer and above to connect multiple networks and perform protocol conversion. The document provides details on the functions and characteristics of each type of device.
The document discusses different types of computer networks. It describes how the Internet is a worldwide system that connects billions of devices using standard Internet protocols. An intranet also uses these protocols but is private, connecting computers within an organization. Local area networks (LANs) connect computers within a small area like a home or office, while wide area networks (WANs) connect users over broader distances using leased lines. Metropolitan area networks (MANs) connect users within a larger region like a city. The document also outlines common network topologies like ring, bus and star configurations.
This document discusses different types of computer networks categorized by transmission technology and scale. It describes point-to-point links which connect two machines directly and broadcasting links which allow messages to be sent to all machines on the network. It then outlines different network scales including personal area networks (PANs) connecting devices near a person, local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) spanning a city, and wide area networks (WANs) extending across countries using transmission lines and routers.
In this we discuss about DATA RATE LIMITS
Two theoretical formulas were developed to calculate the data rate:
Nyquist bit rate for a noiseless channel
BitRate = 2 * bandwidth * log 2 L
2: Shannon Capacity for a noisy channel
Capacity = bandwidth * log 2 (1 + SNR)
...............
PERFORMANCE (Network PERFORMANCE) :
Bandwidth: ( Bandwidth in Hertz and Bandwidth in Bits per Seconds) :
Throughput:
These above topics covered in this slide
Thanks You!
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the purpose of sharing resources between connected computers. It describes different network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh and explains common network hardware like switches, routers, hubs and network interface cards. The document also distinguishes between local, wide and metropolitan area networks.
This document discusses wireless sensor network applications and energy consumption. It provides examples of WSN applications including disaster relief, environment monitoring, healthcare, and more. It then discusses various factors that influence energy consumption in sensor nodes, including operation states, microcontroller usage, radio transceivers, memory, and the relationship between computation and communication. Specific power consumption numbers are given for different components like radios, sensors, and microprocessors. The goals of optimization for WSNs are discussed as quality of service, energy efficiency, scalability, and robustness.
This document provides an overview of modems, including:
- Their history dating back to the 1950s for air defense communication needs.
- Their function of modulating digital data to analog signals for transmission and demodulating analog signals back to digital data.
- The main types based on connection, transmission mode, and speed of data transmission.
- The basic modulation techniques used including ASK, FSK, and PSK.
IP specifies the format of packets, also called #datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
If you want to purchase the content e-mail me on dulith1989@gmail.com
Broadband-ISDN (B-ISDN) is an extension of ISDN that provides broadband capabilities over digital networks. B-ISDN uses asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and supports transmission speeds greater than 1.544 Mbps. It provides fully integrated services including high-speed data, audio, and full-motion video. The goal of B-ISDN is to achieve complete integration of services from low-bit rate bursty signals to high-bit rate continuous real-time signals.
The presentation introduces wireless communication, including its definition as transmitting and receiving voice and data using electromagnetic waves without wires. It discusses why wireless communication is needed, such as freedom from wires and global coverage. It then covers how wireless communication takes place, the mechanisms involved, and common types of wireless systems like radio, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks.
DQDB is a dual bus communication protocol standard for metropolitan area networks. It uses two unidirectional logical buses to transmit data in opposite directions and each station is connected to both buses. A distributed queue mechanism is used where each station maintains independent queues for each bus to transmit data on a first-come, first-served basis and ensure fairness.
The transport layer provides efficient, reliable, and cost-effective process-to-process delivery by making use of network layer services. The transport layer works through transport entities to achieve its goal of reliable delivery between application processes. It provides an interface for applications to access its services.
Ethernet is a wired network technology that transmits data between local and wide area networks using protocols. It provides high-speed, secure data transmission. There are different types including Fast Ethernet for personal connections up to 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet from 1000 Mbps to 1 Gbps. Ethernet operates in the physical and data link layers using MAC addresses and frames to transmit packets between sender and receiver systems while checking for errors. It has advantages like low cost and high security but disadvantages as unsuitable for long distances or real-time applications. Ethernet uses wired connections for shorter distance networks versus Internet's wireless global connections.
The document discusses the concepts of RRC (Radio Resource Control) and RAB (Radio Access Bearer) in wireless networks like UMTS and LTE. RRC is responsible for call control and signaling, while RAB handles the transfer of user data. An analogy is provided comparing RRC to railroad tracks and RAB to train wagons that use the tracks to transport purchases between a buyer and seller separated by a cliff. This helps illustrate how RRC establishes the connection for signaling while RAB uses this connection to transfer user data, with concepts like radio bearers and interfaces functioning similarly to train wagons and the railroad itself.
Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transferred over an internet connection in a given period of time, typically measured in kilobytes or megabytes per second. The more bandwidth available, the faster multimedia products containing various types of media like video, audio and images can be downloaded and interacted with. Limitations of small bandwidth include slow download speeds for multimedia content and potential throttling of downloads to prevent overuse of the connection.
This document discusses different types of multiplexing techniques. It describes that multiplexing allows simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link using a multiplexer device. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the combined signals. The key types of multiplexing covered are frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and wave division multiplexing (WDM). FDM uses different frequencies, TDM divides time into slots, and WDM uses different light wavelengths. Synchronous and asynchronous TDM are also explained, with synchronous TDM assigning fixed time slots and asynchronous using flexible slots.
Wide Area Network (WAN) connects local area networks (LANs) over long distances using technologies like leased lines, DSL, frame relay, or VPNs. A WAN spans a larger geographic area than a LAN and uses networking devices like routers, switches, and modems. Common WAN technologies include leased lines, DSL, frame relay, cable internet, and SONET. WANs provide connectivity between LANs but usually at slower speeds and lower bandwidth compared to LANs. Security measures for WANs include firewalls, VPNs, and antivirus filtering.
Networking devices connect electronic devices together to share resources and include devices like hubs, switches, routers, and network interface cards. A repeater receives and retransmits signals to extend range without degradation and works at the physical layer. A hub is a multiport repeater that connects multiple wires in a star topology. A bridge connects two networks and works at the data link layer, maintaining a MAC address table to selectively forward data. A switch is an efficient, multi-port bridge that can check for errors and selectively forward packets to the correct port. A router routes packets based on IP addresses and connects LANs and WANs at the network layer.
This document discusses different types of networking devices used to connect local area networks (LANs). It describes hubs, repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways. Hubs and repeaters operate at the physical layer, bridges operate at the physical and data link layers, and routers and gateways operate at the network layer and above to connect multiple networks and perform protocol conversion. The document provides details on the functions and characteristics of each type of device.
The document discusses different types of computer networks. It describes how the Internet is a worldwide system that connects billions of devices using standard Internet protocols. An intranet also uses these protocols but is private, connecting computers within an organization. Local area networks (LANs) connect computers within a small area like a home or office, while wide area networks (WANs) connect users over broader distances using leased lines. Metropolitan area networks (MANs) connect users within a larger region like a city. The document also outlines common network topologies like ring, bus and star configurations.
This document discusses different types of computer networks categorized by transmission technology and scale. It describes point-to-point links which connect two machines directly and broadcasting links which allow messages to be sent to all machines on the network. It then outlines different network scales including personal area networks (PANs) connecting devices near a person, local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) spanning a city, and wide area networks (WANs) extending across countries using transmission lines and routers.
In this we discuss about DATA RATE LIMITS
Two theoretical formulas were developed to calculate the data rate:
Nyquist bit rate for a noiseless channel
BitRate = 2 * bandwidth * log 2 L
2: Shannon Capacity for a noisy channel
Capacity = bandwidth * log 2 (1 + SNR)
...............
PERFORMANCE (Network PERFORMANCE) :
Bandwidth: ( Bandwidth in Hertz and Bandwidth in Bits per Seconds) :
Throughput:
These above topics covered in this slide
Thanks You!
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the purpose of sharing resources between connected computers. It describes different network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh and explains common network hardware like switches, routers, hubs and network interface cards. The document also distinguishes between local, wide and metropolitan area networks.
This document discusses wireless sensor network applications and energy consumption. It provides examples of WSN applications including disaster relief, environment monitoring, healthcare, and more. It then discusses various factors that influence energy consumption in sensor nodes, including operation states, microcontroller usage, radio transceivers, memory, and the relationship between computation and communication. Specific power consumption numbers are given for different components like radios, sensors, and microprocessors. The goals of optimization for WSNs are discussed as quality of service, energy efficiency, scalability, and robustness.
This document provides an overview of modems, including:
- Their history dating back to the 1950s for air defense communication needs.
- Their function of modulating digital data to analog signals for transmission and demodulating analog signals back to digital data.
- The main types based on connection, transmission mode, and speed of data transmission.
- The basic modulation techniques used including ASK, FSK, and PSK.
IP specifies the format of packets, also called #datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
If you want to purchase the content e-mail me on dulith1989@gmail.com
Broadband-ISDN (B-ISDN) is an extension of ISDN that provides broadband capabilities over digital networks. B-ISDN uses asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and supports transmission speeds greater than 1.544 Mbps. It provides fully integrated services including high-speed data, audio, and full-motion video. The goal of B-ISDN is to achieve complete integration of services from low-bit rate bursty signals to high-bit rate continuous real-time signals.
The presentation introduces wireless communication, including its definition as transmitting and receiving voice and data using electromagnetic waves without wires. It discusses why wireless communication is needed, such as freedom from wires and global coverage. It then covers how wireless communication takes place, the mechanisms involved, and common types of wireless systems like radio, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks.
DQDB is a dual bus communication protocol standard for metropolitan area networks. It uses two unidirectional logical buses to transmit data in opposite directions and each station is connected to both buses. A distributed queue mechanism is used where each station maintains independent queues for each bus to transmit data on a first-come, first-served basis and ensure fairness.
The transport layer provides efficient, reliable, and cost-effective process-to-process delivery by making use of network layer services. The transport layer works through transport entities to achieve its goal of reliable delivery between application processes. It provides an interface for applications to access its services.
Ethernet is a wired network technology that transmits data between local and wide area networks using protocols. It provides high-speed, secure data transmission. There are different types including Fast Ethernet for personal connections up to 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet from 1000 Mbps to 1 Gbps. Ethernet operates in the physical and data link layers using MAC addresses and frames to transmit packets between sender and receiver systems while checking for errors. It has advantages like low cost and high security but disadvantages as unsuitable for long distances or real-time applications. Ethernet uses wired connections for shorter distance networks versus Internet's wireless global connections.
The document discusses the concepts of RRC (Radio Resource Control) and RAB (Radio Access Bearer) in wireless networks like UMTS and LTE. RRC is responsible for call control and signaling, while RAB handles the transfer of user data. An analogy is provided comparing RRC to railroad tracks and RAB to train wagons that use the tracks to transport purchases between a buyer and seller separated by a cliff. This helps illustrate how RRC establishes the connection for signaling while RAB uses this connection to transfer user data, with concepts like radio bearers and interfaces functioning similarly to train wagons and the railroad itself.
Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transferred over an internet connection in a given period of time, typically measured in kilobytes or megabytes per second. The more bandwidth available, the faster multimedia products containing various types of media like video, audio and images can be downloaded and interacted with. Limitations of small bandwidth include slow download speeds for multimedia content and potential throttling of downloads to prevent overuse of the connection.
4G wireless networks will provide significantly higher data rates and an improved quality of experience for users. The two main competing 4G standards are 3GPP LTE, being developed by 3GPP, and Mobile WiMAX, being developed by IEEE. LTE aims to provide peak data rates of 100 Mbps for downlink and 50 Mbps for uplink. Many mobile network operators plan to migrate to 4G LTE networks starting in 2010. The transition to 4G will change the mobile broadband market and business models.
4G is the fourth generation of cellular network technology providing broadband Internet access. It aims to achieve ultra-broadband speeds in gigabits per second allowing users to download movies within 5 minutes. 4G uses packet switching and allows streaming of high-definition media to mobile devices. The first commercial 4G networks launched in Scandinavian countries in 2009. While some countries have started 4G, India is still working to fully implement 3G and likely won't deploy 4G until LTE technologies are more available. 4G will enable new mobile applications like telemedicine, video conferencing, and improved multimedia usage.
The document describes the initialization and setup procedures between a Node B, RNC, and core network nodes in a UMTS network. It includes procedures for Node B initialization like the audit procedure, cell setup procedure, and common transport channel setup procedure. It also covers call flow scenarios for RRC connection establishment, location updates, circuit switched call setup, and handovers between nodes. The end-to-end protocol stacks for the circuit switched and packet switched domains are illustrated as well.
This document summarizes a presentation on 4G technology. It begins by outlining earlier wireless technologies like 1G, 2G, and 3G. It then defines 4G as characterized by high-speed data rates up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. Key technologies that enable 4G are described like MIMO antennas, IPv6, VoIP, OFDM, and software-defined radio. Applications and advantages of 4G include support for multimedia, global access, and improved spectral efficiency. Challenges in fully realizing 4G capabilities are also discussed.
4G LTE uses technologies like OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO to provide peak download rates of 100 Mbps and upload rates of 50 Mbps, with low latency. It employs an all-IP packet switched network with scalable channel bandwidth between 5-20 MHz. The LTE network architecture consists solely of evolved NodeBs which simplify the design.
XS Infosol offers you professional software solutions that allow you to harness the power of the computer and Internet. Our products are engineered from the ground up to give you maximum performance, extreme speed and unflinching reliability !
Read more at - www.xsinfosol.com
Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transferred over a network connection in a given time period. It affects the speed and quality of internet services and downloads. There are different types of bandwidth available depending on the connection, ranging from dial-up speeds to gigabit ethernet. The amount and type of bandwidth impacts streaming video quality and download speeds from websites.
A content delivery network (CDN) is a system of distributed servers that deliver web content to users based on their location. CDNs work by copying website content to multiple servers located around the world. When a user requests a page, the request is redirected to the closest server to improve page load times. Businesses use CDNs to accelerate load times and reduce bandwidth usage globally. The main benefits of CDNs are improved performance, availability of content, security against attacks, and providing intelligence about users.
Traditional CDNs do not optimize delivery of content to mobile devices over the "last mile" from the mobile network to the device due to challenges like congestion, poor connections, latency, lossy networks, and slow cellular speeds. Quantil's Mobile Acceleration solution solves these issues by creating an end-to-end connection between the mobile device and content server, adapting delivery based on the device, network, and conditions, and prioritizing and enhancing content delivery through techniques like connection optimization, adaptive characterization, content prioritization, and protocol enhancement. This provides faster, more reliable, and optimized delivery of content to mobile users.
This document discusses key concepts related to internet bandwidth and performance. It explains that bandwidth refers to the maximum data transfer rate of a connection and is measured in bits per second. It also discusses related concepts like throughput, which is the actual measured transfer rate, and how bandwidth and proxies can affect website loading speeds. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts and stresses the importance of understanding bandwidth and other network aspects when choosing an internet service provider.
High-speed dial-up services aim to accelerate traditional dial-up internet connections by reducing the amount of time spent on handshakes between devices and servers. They do this through acceleration servers that handle requests and caching on behalf of users, reducing redundant transmissions. Common file types like text can see compression rates over 50% while images may shrink by 50-90%, decreasing load times. Pop-up blocking and caching of popular pages also conserve bandwidth. Testing of one high-speed dial-up provider found homepage load times were up to three times faster than traditional dial-up. These techniques help prolong the viability of dial-up internet for those not ready for broadband.
Network peering is a method to save ISPs network bandwidth and reso.pdfnitinarora01
Network peering is a method to save ISP\'s network bandwidth and resources. Write a brief
document describing the following: What is meant by \"Network Peering\" What is meant by
\"Internet Exchange\" and How is it related to \"Network Peering\". How can \"Network
Peering\" save network resources How can \"Network Peering\" be implemented
Solution
a. Network peering:Network peering is process by which one internet network connects to
another directly, enabling a faster throughput and exchange of information. It allows them to
directly hand off traffic between each other’s customers, without having to pay a third party to
carry that traffic across the Internet for them. Peering is distinct from transit, with a transit
connection, the end user or network operator pays another larger network operator to carry their
network traffic for them.
b. InternetExchange:An Internet exchange is a process of exchanging information from physical
infrastructure through which Internet service providers and Content Delivery Networks exchange
Internet traffic between their networks (autonomous systems). Internet exchange reduce the
portion of an ISP\'s traffic which must be delivered via their upstream transit providers, thereby
reducing the average per-bit delivery cost of their service.
c. The most common types of network resources in an office environment are hardware, such as
printers, fax machines and scanners. Each computer in a network is connected to each piece of
hardware wirelessly, making it easy to use the equipment whenever necessary. When it comes to
internet the network is very large by using internet connection anyone can transmit or share their
data from anywhere. A popular way of sharing network resources is through peer-to-peer
transfer. By the process of network peering various number of network resources are saving
enormously. Data files are also important network resources shared by those who must
collaborate on projects. By sharing information across a network, workers easily can modify and
update text documents, spreadsheets and graphic design projects without having to send large
files through email or transferring files through portable flash drives. Workers can access files
just as if they were on their own computer.
d. Network Peering is the arrangement of traffic exchange between Internet service providers
(ISPs). Larger ISPs with their own backbone networks agree to allow traffic from other large
ISPs in exchange for traffic on their backbones. They also exchange traffic with smaller ISPs so
that they can reach regional end points. Essentially, this is how a number of individual network
owners put the Internet together. To do this, network owners and access providers, the ISPs,
work out agreements that describe the terms and conditions to which both are subject. Bilateral
peering is an agreement between two parties. Multilateral peering is an agreement between more
than two parties. Peering requires the exchange and updating of rout.
Lesson6 - How do I connect to the Internetguevarra_2000
To connect to the internet, you need an internet service provider (ISP), a modem, and an internet browser. There are different types of internet access including dial-up (slowest and cheapest), DSL, and cable. You must choose an ISP that offers the type of access in your area based on factors like speed, price, and customer service. Additional hardware like a modem, network card, and router may be needed depending on the type of internet access. Once connected, an internet browser allows you to view web pages online.
The document discusses Broadband and Broadnet, a broadband internet package by Broadnet. It provides an overview of broadband and its benefits over dial-up, then describes Broadnet's packages, features, specifications, FAQs and the process for getting Broadnet connection. The packages include different speeds and monthly rates, with features like web space, email boxes, security and technical support. Broadnet is positioned as faster and more full-featured than competitors, with no data caps and the ability to connect multiple devices through a customer-purchased router.
High-speed dial-up works by using acceleration servers to compress files and filter out unnecessary content like pop-up ads, caching commonly requested pages to reduce load times. This allows more data to be squeezed through a standard dial-up connection by opening up the bottleneck. File compression and filtering techniques can speed up page loads by 3 times on some popular sites compared to standard dial-up. These advances help prolong the life of dial-up as an alternative for those not ready for broadband.
The document summarizes key concepts related to how the internet works. It defines the internet backbone as the main pathway connections consisting of fiber-optic cables spanning the globe. Network service providers make up the backbone and domain name servers help with routing traffic using TCP/IP protocols which transfer data in packets. Internet service providers offer different connection types with various pros and cons. The internet uses a client-server model where clients request services from servers. Peer-to-peer networks allow file sharing between clients without servers. Routers, ports, VoIP, and Internet2 are also briefly explained.
Importance Of High-Speed Internet And Service Provider.pptxSS Cable
The fastest internet comes with a high cost. Getting service from the top 10 internet service providers in Bhubaneswar will provide high-speed data connection in the affordable range. The user can utilize the fastest network assessing experience; it depends on the user's technical capabilities and type of connection.
Network Terminologies and P2P vs server based networkNaveedRahman15
easy way to describe network terminologies and peer 2 peer network and also detail of server based network and also client server network with practical examples.its topic of networking and DIT course information and communication technologies
High-speed dial-up works by using special software and acceleration servers to speed up traditional dial-up internet connections. The acceleration servers use broadband connections to quickly find webpages and send compressed data to users at speeds up to 5 times faster than standard dial-up. This process involves two handshakes - the modem handshake to initialize the connection and the software handshake to authenticate the user with the ISP.
Role of the Internet Service Provider and High-Speed Internet.pptxSS Cable
The fastest internet comes with a high cost. Getting service from the top 10 internet service providers in Bhubaneswar will provide high-speed data connection in the affordable range. The user can utilize the fastest network assessing experience.
A content delivery network or content distribution network (CDN) is a large distributed system of servers deployed in multiple data centers across the Internet. The goal of a CDN is to serve content to end-users with high availability and high performance. CDNs serve a large fraction of the Internet content today, including web objects (text, graphics and scripts), downloadable objects (media files, software, documents), applications (e-commerce, portals), live streaming media, on-demand streaming media, and social networks.
This document defines key terms related to content delivery and networking, including backbone, bandwidth, CDN, DSL, distributed computing, hosting company, ISP, latency, NSP, peer-to-peer networking, quality of service, streaming media, and webcasting. It then provides bandwidth specifications for common connection types and a quick takeaway section highlighting 10 key points about content delivery networks and peer-to-peer streaming.
High-speed dial-up providers are able to speed up web browsing and file downloads over traditional dial-up internet connections through several techniques. They use acceleration servers to reduce the modem handshake time by up to 50%, file compression to shrink file sizes, caching of commonly requested web pages, and filtering of pop-up ads. These methods help prolong the usefulness of dial-up internet for those not ready to switch to broadband. Web pages can load up to three times faster compared to standard dial-up through these high-speed dial-up services.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy VisaAmit Kakkar
Discover essential details about Thailand's recent visa policy changes, tailored for tourists and students. Amit Kakkar Easy Visa provides a comprehensive overview of new requirements, application processes, and tips to ensure a smooth transition for all travelers.
^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Duba...mayaclinic18
Whatsapp (+971581248768) Buy Abortion Pills In Dubai/ Qatar/Kuwait/Doha/Abu Dhabi/Alain/RAK City/Satwa/Al Ain/Abortion Pills For Sale In Qatar, Doha. Abu az Zuluf. Abu Thaylah. Ad Dawhah al Jadidah. Al Arish, Al Bida ash Sharqiyah, Al Ghanim, Al Ghuwariyah, Qatari, Abu Dhabi, Dubai.. WHATSAPP +971)581248768 Abortion Pills / Cytotec Tablets Available in Dubai, Sharjah, Abudhabi, Ajman, Alain, Fujeira, Ras Al Khaima, Umm Al Quwain., UAE, buy cytotec in Dubai– Where I can buy abortion pills in Dubai,+971582071918where I can buy abortion pills in Abudhabi +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Sharjah,+97158207191 8where I can buy abortion pills in Ajman, +971)581248768 where I can buy abortion pills in Umm al Quwain +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Fujairah +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Ras al Khaimah +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Alain+971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in UAE +971)581248768 we are providing cytotec 200mg abortion pill in dubai, uae.Medication abortion offers an alternative to Surgical Abortion for women in the early weeks of pregnancy. Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman
Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutionsshruti1menon2
Ensuring robust asset quality is not just a mere aspect but a critical cornerstone for the stability and success of financial institutions worldwide. It serves as the bedrock upon which profitability is built and investor confidence is sustained. Therefore, in this presentation, we delve into a comprehensive exploration of strategies that can aid financial institutions in achieving and maintaining superior asset quality.
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdfshruti1menon2
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
Importance: NIM serves as a critical measure of a financial institution's profitability and operational efficiency. It reflects how effectively the institution is utilizing its interest-earning assets to generate income while managing interest costs.
The Universal Account Number (UAN) by EPFO centralizes multiple PF accounts, simplifying management for Indian employees. It streamlines PF transfers, withdrawals, and KYC updates, providing transparency and reducing employer dependency. Despite challenges like digital literacy and internet access, UAN is vital for financial empowerment and efficient provident fund management in today's digital age.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.