This document discusses multiplexing techniques for bandwidth utilization including frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), and statistical time-division multiplexing. It provides examples of combining multiple analog or digital signals into a single transmission medium and discusses frame rates, bit rates, and slot durations. Synchronization and data rate management techniques are also covered to efficiently allocate bandwidth when input link speeds are mismatched.