This document provides information about bamboo properties and uses. It discusses: - Bamboo can grow over 1,300 feet tall and reaches maturity within 3-5 years, making it one of the fastest growing plants. - Bamboo releases more oxygen and absorbs more carbon dioxide than other plants, helping clean the air. - Common bamboo species used for construction in India include Bambusa nutans, Dendrocalamus brandisii, and Dendrocalamus strictus. - Three famous bamboo houses in Vietnam showcasing bamboo construction are described. The document then discusses advantages like strength and sustainability, disadvantages like needing preservation. Methods to treat bamboo and extend its durability include smoking

1. -OMKAR RANE
Roll Number: SETB118
(Exam Seat Number: S177086)
Block -1 Batch-1
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering.
Civil Prototyping Assignment-1

2. Enlist interesting facts about Bamboo tree.
• Size of bamboo depends on the species. Largest species of bamboo can
reach 1300 feet in height.
• Bamboo can grow either as woody, tall plant or as shorter, herbaceous
plant.
• Individual stems of bamboo are called culms. They arise from the
underground rhizome and emerge from the ground fully developed.
• Flowers of bamboo are rarely seen. Some species of bamboo develop
flowers after 65 or 120 years. Interesting fact about flowering is that all
plants of one bamboo species develop flowers at the same time, no
matter where they are located in the world.
• Besides from rhizome, bamboo can develop from the seeds arranged in
clusters at the end of the branches.
• Bamboo is the fastest growing plant on the planet. It can grow 3 feet in
height in 24 hours under appropriate climate conditions. Unlike other
woody plants, bamboo reaches maturity after only 3 to 5 years.
• Bamboo releases 30% more oxygen into the atmosphere and absorbs
more carbon dioxide compared to other plants. Because of these
features, bamboo greatly decreases amount of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere and cleans the air.

3. Species of bamboos (preferable for construction) in
India
• Bambusa nutans
• Dendrocalamus brandisii
• Oxytenanthera stocksii
• Melocanna bambusoides
• Dendrocalamus strictus
• Dendrocalamus hamiltonii
• Dendrocalamus giganteus
• Bambusa bambos
• Bambusa polymorpha
• Bambusa balcooa

4. Three world-famous bamboo houses in Vietnam
Trang Bang bamboo house - Tay
Ninh province
The house was built from 2008 to 2010 in Trang
Bang District, Tay Ninh Province, 50km from
HCM City. With an area of 2,000 m2, owned
and designed by Mr. Dang Hao, the house is
made of wood and bamboo
Wind and Water Bar, Binh
Duong province
With the special creation of architect Vo
Trong Nghia and his co-workers, the Wind
and Water cafe was awarded the International
Architecture Award 2008. This is the unique
architecture built by tam vong trees, which is
very common in Binh Duong.
Bamboo Wing Restaurant, Dai Lai
- Vinh Phuc
Built in Dai Lai Resort, Vinh Phuc Province in
July 2009, the Bamboo Wing is inspired by flying
birds above the water. The 12m bamboo
structure is designed by the self balancing rule,
freeing a large space before diners' eyes.

6. ADVANTAGES OF BAMBOO
The various advantages of bamboo are mentioned below.
• Light, strong and versatile.
• Light, strong, versatile.
• Environment friendly.
• Accessible to the poor.
• Self renewing resource
• Fast growing.
• Highly productive.
DISADVANTAGES OF BAMBOO
• The major disadvantages of bamboo are as follows:
• Requires preservation
• Shaped by nature
• Durability- bamboo is subjected to attack by fungi, insects;
for this reason, untreated bamboo structures are viewed as
temporary with an expected life of not more than 5 years.
• Jointing- although many jointing techniques exist, their
structural efficiency is low.
• Lack of design guidance and codes.
• Prone to catch fire very fast by the friction among the culms
during wind, and is seen to cause forest fires.
What are advantages and disadvantages of the Bamboo construction?

7. How Bamboo is treated for durability? Elaborate.
• Traditional or non-chemical methods:
These are ancient methods widely used for centuries by villagers and artisans in countries where bamboo grows, and
often the skills are passed on from generation to generation. The most commonly methods used are smoking, white-
washing, storage in water.
• Smoking:
Smoking is carried out ​​in chambers. Heat and toxic agents produced by smoke destroy the starch in bamboo making it
immune to insect attack and also blackens the culms. There are, in Japan, bamboo houses older than 100 years. The
smoke from the kitchen (fireplace without chimney) spreads throughout the house and thus preserves the bamboo
structure from any attack.
• Baking over open fire:
Baking over fire after applying oil on the surface of green round bamboos. This causes rapid drying of the outer shell and
induces partial charring and decomposition of starch and other sugars. This method is very useful for simultaneous
straightening of bamboos in round form.
• White washing:
Bamboo culms are painted with slaked lime, thereby prolonging their lifespan by delaying and reducing the absorption of
moisture while being a repellent against insects.
• Soaking in water:
Freshly cut bamboo is stored either in water ponds or in running water for 3-4 weeks to leach out starch. This process
protects the bamboo against insects. When stored in water basins, water must be changed frequently to avoid fouling.
Although traditionally treated bamboo shows increased resistance to insects and fungi attack compare to the freshly cut
culms, these methods do not however provide complete satisfaction in the long term.

8. • Chemical treatment methods
Chemical preservatives are used to protect bamboo products from degradation. These are well
methods providing good protection even in adverse conditions.
• Tanalised method - chromated copper arsenate (CCA)
As for wood, bamboo products are often tanalised, impregnatedunder pressure or by boiling with highly
toxic substances such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA)to protect against rot. TheCCA has been very
effective but very toxic and carcinogenic. Other products are used as "ammoniacal copper arsenate" or
Ammoniac facilitating penetration in bamboo or wood makes this product effective against fungi, bacteria
and insects. Ammoniac and copper components are highly and eco-toxic non-degradable.
• Treatment with Boric acid / Borax
The preservative used is a mixture of boric acid and borax which result in the formation of disodium
octaborate, which is easily soluble in water. Boron salts are effective against borers, termites and fungi
(except soft rot fungi), and is widely recognized to be environmentally acceptable and safe for the

9. various failure modes of Bamboo structures.
Slenderness failure:
• Slenderness as a failure criterion means also that the stem of trees have to be
well tapered .
• This means that the stem diameter increases downwards in
relation to the increasing bending moment . In a bamboo the thickness
of the culm does not increase.
• There seems to be another kind of adaptation by
increasing the wall thickness downwards to adjust the increasing bending
moment.
• Figure shows the alteration of the wall thickness and diameter along a
bamboo culm, scaled on the values at the bottom of the culm. Resulting from this
the degree of hollowness decreases and therefore the load capacity increases
Hollow failure:
• The culms of some bamboo species have Height/DBH ratio of 80 and higher.
Bamboo culms are hollow tubes divided by nodes into sections called internodes.
Those nodes support the culm to prevent failure due to local buckling.
• The length of the internodes along the culm increases from the base of the culm
towards somewhere below the middle, and then decreases till top of the culm.

11. Elaborate: Various ways of connecting Bamboo
members in a structure.

13. What are various parts of Bamboo? (explain with sketch) Which part is strongest?
STEM
• The stem is the part of the bamboo plant that grows above the ground, it is usually
straight and cylinder-formed (to some extent oval). These bamboo stems
have nodes (diaphragms) between two internodes, that strengthen the stem. It is
strongest part.
• The length, number and form of nodes and internodes depend on the bamboo
species. Every node has two closely positioned rings, the lower one is called sheath
ring, which is a scar formed after the sheath leaf falls off.
• Bamboo internodes are usually hollow inside and form bamboo cavities. A good
example of a near solid bamboo species is Guadua amplexifolia.
STEM BASE
• The lower part of a bamboo stem is called stem base, it extends into the
soil and connects to the rhizome and root system. A stem base consists of
numerous short sections with significant diameter, adventitious roots grow
densely on these sections.
STEM PETIOLE:
• The stem petiole is the lowest part of the bamboo stem, and consists of
tens of short sections. The diameter of these sections decrease with the
depth of the petiole. A stem petiole is generally solid, with degenerated
leaves, without buds.

14. Roof Truss Bridge Truss

15. Various mechanical test performed on bamboo
Tensile Test performed on Bamboo sample Compressive Test performed on bamboo
sample