Bamboo properties and utilization
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This document discusses the properties, production, and utilization of bamboo. It notes that bamboo has greater tensile strength than steel and high compressive strength between 40-80 N/mm2. There are two main types of bamboo: clumping, which forms discrete circular clumps, and running, which spreads horizontally underground. China is the largest bamboo producer, and it grows best in tropical climates with humidity. Bamboo is used to make items like furniture, clothing, bridges, and scaffolds, and it provides oxygen and can reinforce concrete.
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- Defects in timber like heart shakes, star shakes, and knots
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This document provides information about timber, including its definition, structure, classifications, properties, defects, seasoning, preservation, fireproofing, and common types. Timber is defined as wood that retains its natural structure and composition and is suitable for engineering works. It discusses the structures of softwoods and hardwoods. Classifications include based on growth, durability, seasoning characteristics, and grading. General properties, mechanical properties, and qualities of good timber are outlined. Various natural and manufactured defects that can occur in timber are described. The methods and advantages of seasoning timber are explained. The document also covers the types of preservatives used to treat timber, the preparation and methods of treatment, and characteristics of good preservatives
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Sapwood is new wood and is like a pipeline which moves water through the tree up to the leaves.
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Sapwood commonly ranges from 4 to 6 cm (1-1/2 to 2 in.) in radial thickness.
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The proportion of heartwood to sapwood in the main stem does vary with species. Black locust, for example, usually has a very narrow band – often less than an inch – of functioning sapwood, whereas maple stems often can have many inches of sapwood and relatively narrow cores of heartwood.
Sapwood is formed due to the cambial activity of the secondary xylem.
Heartwood is formed due to accumulation of different compounds, such as oils gums, and resins, etc.
The oils, resins and colouring materials infiltrate the walls, and gums and resins may fill the lumina of the cells in heart wood.
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This document discusses different types of trees and timber. It covers the classification of trees as endogenous or exogenous, with exogenous trees further divided into conifers and deciduous. It describes the structure of trees and the process of seasoning timber to reduce moisture content. Both natural and artificial seasoning methods are outlined. Artificial methods include boiling, kiln drying, chemical and electrical seasoning. The uses, defects, deterioration factors, and methods of preserving timber are also summarized.
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This document discusses various topics related to timber, including:
1. It defines terms like timber, wood, and lumber and describes the structure of trees.
2. It explains the two main types of trees - endogenous and exogenous - and notes that only exogenous trees are suitable for engineering construction.
3. Seasoning of timber is described as an important process to remove sap and moisture from fresh timber. Various seasoning methods like natural, kiln, chemical and electric are outlined.
4. Common uses of timber, defects in timber, agents that can cause timber decay, methods to preserve timber, and techniques to apply preservatives are summarized.
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This document discusses timber, including its sources, classification, identification, structure, defects, seasoning, preservation, and fireproofing. It covers the various types of timber based on mode of growth, modulus of elasticity, durability, seasoning characteristics, and grading. It also identifies common defects in timber such as knots, shakes, grains, and decay. Methods of seasoning, preservation, and fireproofing timber are outlined.
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Hardwoods come from angiosperms and have broad leaves, while softwoods come from conifers and are needle-leaved. The key anatomical differences are that hardwoods have vessels (pores) and a greater diversity of cell types like fibers, rays, and parenchyma. Softwoods mainly consist of long tracheids that perform conductive and mechanical functions, along with some parenchyma cells. Rays are usually only one cell wide in softwoods, while softwoods also contain resin canals.
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This document discusses various topics related to timber, including:
- Definitions of timber, wood, and lumber
- Classification of trees as endogenous or exogenous
- Seasoning of timber through natural, kiln, chemical, or electric methods
- Common uses of timber in construction and manufacturing
- Defects in timber like heart shakes, star shakes, and knots
- Deterioration of timber through decay, insects, and fire
- Methods of preserving timber through oily and water-soluble preservatives applied by painting, dipping, or pressure processes
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This document provides information about timber, including its definition, structure, classifications, properties, defects, seasoning, preservation, fireproofing, and common types. Timber is defined as wood that retains its natural structure and composition and is suitable for engineering works. It discusses the structures of softwoods and hardwoods. Classifications include based on growth, durability, seasoning characteristics, and grading. General properties, mechanical properties, and qualities of good timber are outlined. Various natural and manufactured defects that can occur in timber are described. The methods and advantages of seasoning timber are explained. The document also covers the types of preservatives used to treat timber, the preparation and methods of treatment, and characteristics of good preservatives
Sapwood and Heartwood
Sapwood:
“When a tree is young, certain cells within the wood are alive and capable of conducting sap or storing nutrients, and the wood is referred to as sapwood. The sapwood also termed as Alebernum.”
Heartwood:
“Heartwood also called duramen. Dead central wood of trees. As new sapwood is formed under the bark, the inner sap wood changes to heartwood. In the wood under going this change the living cells die.”
Sapwood is new wood and is like a pipeline which moves water through the tree up to the leaves.
The sapwood is lighted colored and formed of living cells associated with vessels and fibers.
Sapwood commonly ranges from 4 to 6 cm (1-1/2 to 2 in.) in radial thickness.
Many second-growth trees of merchantable size consist mostly of sapwood.
Heartwood consists of inactive cells that do not function in either water conduction or food storage.
The compounds (including resins, phenols, and terpenes, sometimes referred to as extractives) not only help make heartwood more resistant to attack by insects and decay organisms but also tend to give this inner portion of the stem a distinctive darker color.
The proportion of heartwood to sapwood in the main stem does vary with species. Black locust, for example, usually has a very narrow band – often less than an inch – of functioning sapwood, whereas maple stems often can have many inches of sapwood and relatively narrow cores of heartwood.
Sapwood is formed due to the cambial activity of the secondary xylem.
Heartwood is formed due to accumulation of different compounds, such as oils gums, and resins, etc.
The oils, resins and colouring materials infiltrate the walls, and gums and resins may fill the lumina of the cells in heart wood.
During the transformation a number of changes occur – all living cells lose protoplasts; water contents of cell walls are reduced; food materials are withdrawn from the living cells; tyloses are frequently formed which block the vessels, the parenchyma walls become lignified; oils, gums, tannins, resins and other substances develop in the cells.
Sapwood performs the physiological activities, such as conduction of water and nutrients, storage of food, etc.
The function of heartwood is no longer of conduction, it gives only mechanical support to the stem.
The heartwood part of a tree is also far more susceptible to fungus than the centre of the trunk.
Heartwood contains far less moisture than sapwood and will have far less shrinkage when it’s dried.
The sapwood in the centre of the tree dies, forming heartwood, and as the cells die they release chemicals that change the colour of the wood, as well as making the wood stronger and more resistant to attack by insects.
Timber- Building material
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
Timber
This document discusses timber, including its classification and properties. It begins by defining timber as wood used for construction works. It then discusses how timber is classified based on its mode of growth (exogenous vs endogenous), modulus of elasticity, durability, grading, and availability. Key properties of good timber are also outlined, such as color, odor, strength, and durability. The document concludes by listing several common uses of timber in construction and other applications.
Timber
This document provides information about timber (lumber), including its classification, characteristics of good timber, common defects, causes of defects, uses, and plywood. It discusses how timber quality depends on environmental and processing factors. Good timber is hard, dark in color, free of defects like knots, and resistant to damage from fungi, insects and other sources. The document also outlines various types of defects that can occur during processing, from insects/fungi, natural forces or seasoning. It concludes by mentioning some common uses of timber and plywood.
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This document discusses various types of wood, timber seasoning processes, defects in timber, preservation and uses of timber. It defines timber, wood, and lumber. It describes the structure of trees and different types of trees. It explains natural, kiln, chemical, electric and water seasoning methods. It outlines common timber defects and deterioration factors. It discusses timber preservatives, application methods, and special paints to protect timber from fire. Finally, it lists common uses of timber.
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- Bamboo can grow over 1,300 feet tall and reaches maturity within 3-5 years, making it one of the fastest growing plants.
- Bamboo releases more oxygen and absorbs more carbon dioxide than other plants, helping clean the air.
- Common bamboo species used for construction in India include Bambusa nutans, Dendrocalamus brandisii, and Dendrocalamus strictus.
- Three famous bamboo houses in Vietnam showcasing bamboo construction are described.
The document then discusses advantages like strength and sustainability, disadvantages like needing preservation. Methods to treat bamboo and extend its durability include smoking
Intriguing factors of bamboo
Bamboo is a group of over 1200 species of rapidly growing grasses found worldwide. It has distinct nodes and internodes. Bamboo belongs to the grass family and is divided into herbaceous and woody species. Woody bamboos have many uses and are known for their versatility. Bamboo yields more cellulose than pine trees and has an extensive root system that binds soil. It is estimated that over half the world's population uses bamboo for trade, subsistence, or housing. Bamboo has over 1500 documented uses and is a significant material for pulp/paper industries in Asia. It is a strong, flexible building material as seen in the "Bamboo Symphony" project.
Bamboo construction seminar topic
Bamboo is a versatile building material that is strong yet lightweight. It has high compressive strength and is used widely in construction for walls, scaffolding, bridges, and houses. Bamboo grows very quickly, is renewable, and can be used for structural supports, walls, roofing, and scaffolding. It has advantages over other materials like high tensile strength, fire resistance, elasticity, low weight, and cost effectiveness. However, it requires preservation to prevent shrinkage and attacks from insects or fungus. Overall, bamboo can compete with other building materials and play an important role in construction.
Bamboo Prototyping Product Under Civil Module
This document provides information about bamboo, including interesting facts, common species used for construction in India, famous bamboo structures from around the world, advantages and disadvantages of bamboo, how to protect bamboo from degradation, common failure modes of bamboo, and different types of bamboo connection methods. It discusses how bamboo is the fastest growing plant, can reach over 100 feet tall, and has a tensile strength greater than steel. It also describes preservation treatments using borax and boric acid, and connection techniques like double butt joints, roping, bolting, interlocking, and positive fits.
Bamboo as a building material
Bamboo is a multi-dimensional construction material and has proven to be eco-friendly, sustainable, and easy to use. It is indeed the future of construction and a step towards a sustainable future.
The slides above talk about its details and use in the construction industry. All the sources used for this ppt are mentioned at the end of the slides.
Bamboo corner2020 v rpdf
This document discusses the many uses and benefits of bamboo. It begins by providing background on bamboo, including that it is a type of grass and plays an important ecological role. The document then discusses how bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants, can reach full height in 4-6 months, and has a unique root system. Several sections then outline where in the world bamboo resources are primarily found, the bamboo slat manufacturing process, interesting health and environmental benefits of bamboo, and common bamboo products.
Bamboo as a builiding material
This document is a research paper on bamboo as a building material. It discusses bamboo's properties, uses, cultivation, and processing. Bamboo has high tensile strength, grows rapidly, and is widely used for construction, especially of rural housing, due to its strength, availability, and low cost. However, bamboo requires preservation techniques like smoking, whitewashing, or chemical treatments to resist insects and prolong its durability when used in construction.
Bamboo
The document discusses bamboo as a building material used in vernacular architecture. It notes that bamboo grows remarkably fast in a wide range of climates, is strong for its weight, and can be used both structurally and as a finish material. Traditionally, bamboo has been used widely in construction in Southeast Asia, India, and other regions for houses, buildings, tools, and more. However, its use declined with the introduction of cement and steel, though bamboo remains a sustainable and affordable building material.
Manual_on_Preservation_of_Bamboo.pdf
Decay fungi cause the most serious type of damage to bamboo. They grow within the lumen of bamboo cells and secrete enzymes that decompose either the cellulose and hemicellulose, leaving behind lignin (brown rot), or decompose the lignin (white rot). Early decay is difficult to detect, but the strength properties are much reduced, especially impact-bending strength, even before slight color change or weight loss becomes apparent. At later stages, the culm becomes soft, fibrous, or powdery. Advanced brown rot leaves a brownish mass, while white rot leaves white streaks. Decay fungi require moisture for growth and are the primary cause of structural failure in bamboo.
Bamboo
This file is all about Bamboo fiber. Here, you can find "how to grow to how to make fiber from bamboo".Bamboo fiber is a cellulosic fiber that is regenerated from the bamboo plant. It is a great perspective green fiber with outstanding biodegradable textile material, having strength comparable to conventional glass fibers
Bamboo
building materials 1_architecture_Bamboo – Bamboo as plant classification, species, geographical distribution, Anatomy of Bamboo,
Properties, strength, processing, harvesting, working of Bamboo tools – Treatment and preservation
of Bamboo and uses of Bamboo.
Bamboo an introduction
Bamboo of India by P N MISHRA ADDL. D.F.O. FOREST DEPT. M.P. INDIA.
BAMBOO PLANTING & NURSURY TECHNIQUE
bamboo species good for construction in india nd as a material
This document provides information on bamboo construction. It discusses various bamboo species that are suitable for construction purposes in India, including their names, habitats, culm properties, flowering cycles, and common uses. It also outlines the advantages of bamboo as a construction material, how to protect bamboo through various treatment methods, and explores bamboo foundations and structural elements like walls, columns, and beams. Limitations of bamboo construction are also noted.
Bamboo As construction Materials .. replace steels
The document discusses the properties and uses of bamboo in construction. It describes bamboo as one of the fastest growing plants, with high tensile strength and low weight compared to steel. The document outlines various uses of bamboo in construction, including for scaffolding, roofing, walling, doors and windows. It also details advantages such as strength, environmental friendliness and low cost. The document provides construction details for bamboo joints and concludes that bamboo is an environmentally friendly and economic material for construction.
unit 5 Bamboo.pdf
Bamboo is a versatile building material that is strong, renewable, and environmentally friendly. It can be used for structural and non-structural building elements like walls, floors, ceilings, trusses, and more. Bamboo is graded based on traits like straightness, taper, and nodes. Proper selection of mature bamboo with a minimum diameter and wall thickness is important. Foundations can include direct ground contact, rock footings, or incorporating bamboo into concrete. Floors and walls are constructed using bamboo panels, joints, and infill. While bamboo construction has benefits of affordability, sustainability, and cultural acceptability, it lacks natural durability and is susceptible to insects without treatment.
Development and Determination of the Physical Properties of Long Nigerian Bam...
Development and Determination of the Physical Properties of Long Nigerian Bam...International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering and Technology
Natural fibre has emerged as a renewable and cheaper substitute to synthetic materials such as
glass, carbon and aramid, which are used as reinforcements. The chemical composition of natural fibres may
differ with the growing condition and test methods even for the same kind of fibre, hence the need to develop
fiber using bamboo from Nigeria to carry out this research. In this work, the objective was to develop,
investigate and analyze the physical properties of long bamboo fiber obtained locally from Nigeria. Fresh
bamboo was obtained and the fibre extracted using maceration method. Different physical properties of the long
bamboo fibre were determined to ascertain their applicability. It was found that the pH values of the solution
before and after extraction were 3.0 and 4.0 respectively. Thedensity of the dry bamboo (1.11g/cm
3
) is slightly
above that of water and that of the long bamboo fibre was found to be 0.5580 g/cm
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bamboo species good for construction in india nd as a material
bamboo species good for construction in india nd as a material
Bamboo As construction Materials .. replace steels
Bamboo As construction Materials .. replace steels
Development and Determination of the Physical Properties of Long Nigerian Bam...
Development and Determination of the Physical Properties of Long Nigerian Bam...
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Hybrid cotton seed development
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Textile fibers
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Bamboo properties and utilization
- 2. Muhammad Zulqarnain 17-Arid-4757 Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Bamboo Properties, Production and Utilization
- 3. Properties Tensile strength It is strength of material how hard it is to pull it part Bamboo has greater tensile strength than steel Compressive strength The resistance of a material to breaking under compression. The compressive strength of bamboo is roughly situated between 40 and 80 N/mm2
- 4. Bamboo Types
- 5. CLUMPING The rhizomes are generally short and thick in appearance. At the nodes, new rhizomes or roots can be produced. New culms can only form at the very tip of the rhizome. They will generally form discrete circular clumps. They are sympodial RUNNING They have thin rhizomes which extend horizontally underground for long distances They grow in scattered state, and can spread over a large distance. They are invasive by design They are monopodial They are usually grown in temperate regions
- 6. Bamboo Production Bamboo has been cultivated in tropical and temperate climates and especially in southeast Asia China is largest producer of bamboo It’s been recorded that some bamboo species under the right circumstances can grow 1 foot (30 centimeters) in only one day. The best conditions for bamboo to grow is generally in tropical climates with a good amount of humidity. Generally bamboo is planted in autumn or spring
- 7. Bamboo does not prefer very cold temperature Bamboo is generally grown in loamy soil Ph 4.5 to 6 Bamboo is generally propagated through cuttings culms and Rhizomes Pit size of 60 to 60cm is dug and plant spacing should be 5m×4m Density of plants per acre is 200 Flowering in bamboo happens once in lifetime and bamboo quickly die afterwards. IN some plants it does not happen
- 8. Production Generally nitrogen and potassium are applied to bamboo The best and most preferred fertilizer for bamboo is organic compost or manure In bamboo 3 or 4 irrigations are given per week when plant is in the nursery at the stage when it is planted in nursery After transplanting irrigation is also requires this till reaches maturity It is a desirable to create a layer of mulch around the bamboo to protect its roots and rhizomes, which are especially vulnerable during the early stages of growth
- 11. Utilizaion Of Bamboo Bamboo are used to make stilts (Stilts are poles or pillars that allows a a person to stand above the ground) Sports goal, boats Bridges Scaffolding(is a temporary structure Used to support work crew and materials to aid in construction)
- 12. Utilization It is also used in furniture It is also used to make clothes of good quality These fabrics are anti fungal and anti Bacterial. Softest fabrics and it is also insulatin Bamboo is also used to make ladders
- 13. Utilization Bamboo is eco friendly as it provides more than 35% oxygen than common tree stand It can be used to create oxygen friendly environment It can be used to make fences, musical instruments and water pipes It has greater tensile strength than steel It can be used as reinforcement to concrete Bamboo is also edible. They are rich source of dietary fiber