This document provides information about muscles of the shoulder girdle, back, abdomen, and vertebral column. It describes the origin, insertion, location, and movements of muscles like the trapezius, rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques. It also discusses bony landmarks, curves of the vertebral column, cervical and lumbar joints, and layers of intrinsic back muscles.

1. +
ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY
Week 6

2. +
Back and
Abdomen
3

3. +
Shoulder Girdle - Posterior
Trapezius
Rhomboid major & minor
Levator Scapulae

4. TrapeziusOrigin
 spinous process (T), skull
Insertion
 lateral clavicle, acromion
process, scapular spine
Location
 posterior
Movements
 elevation (upper & middle),
 depression (lower)
 retraction (adduction)
 upward rotation (middle &
lower)
p. 66

5. Rhomboid Major & Minor
Origin
 spinous process (C7, T1-5)
Insertion
 medial border of scapula
Location
 posterior/medial
Movements
 downward rotation
 elevation
 retraction
p. 69

6. Levator Scapulae
Origin
 transverse processes (C)
Insertion
 Superior angle of scapula
Location
 posterior
Movements
 elevation (primary)
 retraction, downward rotation
(assists)
p. 68

7. +
Trunk & Spinal Column
Chapter 12
Bones & bony landmarks
Joint Structure
Movements
Muscles surrounding the joint

8. +
Vertebral Column
One of most complex parts
 protects spinal cord
24 articulating vertebrae
5 regoins
 4 curves; support

9. +
Curves
 absorption of shock
Cervical
 support head
Thoracic
 present at birth
Lumbar
 develops: wt bearing
Sacrococcygeal
 fused
Posterior Convex

10. Bony Landmarks
 spinous process
 transverse process
 body
 odontoid process/dens
 skeleton
 superior & inferior
articular process
C
T
L

11. Thoracic Cavity
RIBS
 true (7)
 false (5)
 floating (2)
 costal cartilage
STERNUM
 manubrium
 body
 costal facets
 xiphoid process

12. Key Bony Landmarks
 Neck muscles
 Mastoid process
 Cervical (spinous & transverse)
 Thoracic (spinous & transverse)
 Manubrium
 Clavicle (medial)
 Posterior spine muscles
 Cervical (spinous & transverse)
 Thoracic (spinous & transverse)
 Posterior ribs
 Anterior trunk muscles
 Xiphoid process
 Ribs
 Costal cartilage (ribs)
 Iliac & pubic crest

13. +
Vertebral Column
Cervical Joints
Atlanto-occipital
 Occipital condyles, 1st vertebrae
 Flexion, extension (sag)
Atlanto-axial
 Atlas (C1), axis (C2)
 Rotation
 Pivot-joint
 Most mobile
Odontoid
Process

14. VERTEBRAL COLUMN Joints
Articulation b/w vertebral bodies
Anterior segment
 Vertebral bodies (cartilaginous)
 Intervertebral disc
Posterior segment (gliding)
 Transverse & spinous processes
 Intervertebral joints
T L

15. +
Intervertebral Disc
Bears & distributes load
Mobility
Nucleus pulposus
 75-90% water

16. + Vertebral Movement
Greatest mobility
 one curve ends then next begins
Exaggerated curve (vs flat & rigid)
 increased mobility
 flat back – loss of lumbar lordosis
Cervical & lumbar
 most mobile

17. +
Vertebral Movement

18. Layers of the Intrinsic Back Muscles
 Superficial Layer
 Both Splenius muscles
 Intermediate Layer
 Erector Spinae (bilateral and
ipsilateral action)
 Designated by region from
medial to lateral
 Designated by insertion
 Deep Layer
 Interconnect and stabilize the
vertebra
 Small muscles that make fine
adjustments to vertebra
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19. VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Muscles
CERVICAL
LUMBAR

20. + Cervical Muscles
Capitis
 originate C vertebrae
 insert occipital bone
Anterior- flexors
 lateral flexion
Posterior – extensors
 Rotation
 lateral flexion

21. +
Neck - Cervical
Largest & most powerful
 Sternocleidomastoid (pg 279) Lateral
 Splenius- 2 (pg 281) Posterior

22. SternocleidomastoidOrigin
 Sternal manubrium,
medial clavicle
Insertion
 Mastoid process of
temporal bone
Location: Lateral
Movements
 Flexion
 Lateral (ipsilateral) flexion
 Rotation (contralateral)

23. Splenius Capitis
Origin (inferior)
 Spinous process of C7-T4
Insertion
 Mastoid process & occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
 Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion

24. +
Splenius Capitis
 Synergist: Semispinalis capitis and cervicis, Splenius cervicis,
Spinalis cervicis, Interspinales, Longissimus cervicis,
Iliocostalis cervicis
 Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others
25

25. +
Splenius Cervicis
 O: Lig nuchae (T3-C6)
 I: Transverse process of C1-C4
 Location: Posterior
 Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
 Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion
 Synergist: Semispinalis capitis Spinalis
cervicis, Interspinales
 Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others
26

27. Semispinalis
Origin
 Transverse processes of
C4-T7
Insertion
 Occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements
 Cervical Spine: Extension
Contralateral rotation

28. Trunk - Lumbar
Anterior
 Rectus Abdominis
 External Oblique
 Internal Oblique
Posterior
 Erector Spinae

29. +
Divisions of the sacrospinalis (aka
Erector spinae)
30
Lateral Column. Intermediate Column. Medial Column.
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis.
(a) I. lumborum. (a) L. dorsi. (a) S. dorsi.
(b) I. dorsi. (b) L. cervicis. (b) S. cervicis.
(c) I. cervicis. (c) L. capitis. (c) S. capitis.

30. Erector Spinae
(sacrospinalis) Origin
 Sacrum, spinous processes of
lower two thoracic & all
lumbar
 Insertion
 Transverse and spinous
processes as well as ribs and
skull
 Location: Posterior
 Movements (spine)
 Extension (C & L)
 Ipsilateral flexion
 (C & L)
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

31. +
Erector Spinae
 Muscle is thickest in S & L regions
 most movement
 Controls forward flexion
 Extension of trunk
 Posterior stability
 posture

32. Rectus Abdominis
Origin
 Pubic crest
Insertion
 Cartilage of ribs 5-7,
xiphoid process
Location: anterior
Movements (LS)
 Trunk flexion

33. Rectus Abdominis
Controls
 Post pelvic tilt & curvature LS
 Flattens lower back
 What effect does this have on
erector spinae & hip flexors?
 more effective
Definition
 3 depressions
 area of tendinous connective tissue

34. External Oblique
Origin
 Lateral side of ribs 5-12
Insertion
 Anterior iliac crest, pubic crest
Location:
 Lateral/Anterior
Movements
 Flexion (together)
 Ipsilateral flexion
 Contralateral rotation
(independently)

35. Internal Oblique
Origin
 Anterior iliac crest and
inguinal ligament
Insertion
 Cartilage of ribs 8-10 and
linea alba
Location:
anterior/medial
Movements
 Flexion
 Ipsilateral flexion
Fiber direction

36. +
Internal Obliques
37

37. +
What functions do the anterior trunk
muscles play?
 In what order from superficial to deep are these layers?
 Functions:
 Flexion (forward and lateral)
 Rotation
38

38. +
Transverse abdominus
39

39. +
Transverse abdominis
 Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, lower 6 ribs, iliac crest
 Insertion: Pubis, abdominal aponeurosis
 Functions:
 Forced expiration
 Spinal stabilization
 Compression of abdominal viscera
 Expulsion of abdominal contents, including but not limited to babies!
40

40. +
Exercise
 Find: Acromian Process
 Cocochoid process
 Greater tubercle
 Medial and lateral epicondyles
 Spine of scapula
 Inferior angle of scapula
 Iliac crest
 C7 and L1
41