The document summarizes the muscles of the upper limb. It describes the four segments that make up the upper limb: shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand. It then provides details on the muscles within each segment, including their origins, insertions, actions, and nerve supplies. Key muscles described include the pectoralis major, deltoid, biceps, triceps, and rotator cuff muscles. The document also outlines the movements of the shoulder joint.

1. MUSCLES OFTHE UPPER
LIMB
DARM BONS MASESE
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
1

2. THE UPPER LIMB CONSISTS OF FOUR SEGMENTS
The shoulder, which includes the
pectoral, scapular, and lateral
supraclavicular regions and is built on
half of the pectoral girdle, the pectoral
(shoulder) girdle is a bony ring,
incomplete posteriorly, formed by the
scapulae and clavicles and completed
anteriorly by the manubrium of the
sternum.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
2

3. Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
3

4. ARM
•which is the part
between the
shoulder and the
elbow and is
centered on the
humerus.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
4

5. FOREARM
•which is the part
between the elbow
and the wrist and
contains the ulna
and radius.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
5

6. HAND
•which is the wrist and the
fingers. Many of the
involved muscles originate
from the distal end of the
humerus and from the
radius and the ulna
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
6

7. MUSCLES OFTHE SHOULDER
• Four anterior axioappendicular
(thoracoappendicular or pectoral)
muscles move the pectoral girdle
• Pectoralis major
• Pectoralis minor
• Subclavius
• Serratus anterior
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
7

8. OTHERS MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDERS REGION
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
8

9. Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
9

10. PECTORALIS MAJOR
▪ ORIGIN:
sternal half of the clavicle, Upper half of sternum,
aponeurosis of ext.obl.muscle,
▪ INSERTION : lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus
▪ ACTIONS:
adduction, medial rotation and flexion of the
shoulder.
▪ N.SUPPLY: Med & Lat Pectoral.N (C5-8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
10

11. PECTORALIS MAJOR
• The fan-shaped pectoralis major covers the superior part of
the thorax.
• It has clavicular and sternocostal heads.
• The latter head is much larger and its lateral border is
responsible for the muscular mass that forms most of the
anterior wall of the axilla, with its inferior border forming the
anterior axillary fold.
• The pectoralis major and adjacent deltoid forms the narrow
deltopectoral groove, in which the cephalic vein runs.
• However, the muscles diverge slightly from each other
superiorly and, along with the clavicle, form the clavipectoral
(deltopectoral) triangle
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
11

12. PECTORALIS MINOR
▪ ORIGIN: costocondral jn.of 3,4,5 ribs
▪ INSERTION: corocoid process medial &upper surface
▪ ACTIONS: draws the scapula forwards, depression of the shoulder.
▪ N.SUPPLY: Med & Lat Pectoral.N (C5-C8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
12

13. • The triangular pectoralis minor lies in the anterior wall of the axilla, where
it is almost completely covered by the pectoralis major.
• The pectoralis minor stabilizes the scapula and is used when stretching the
upper limb forward to touch an object that is just out of reach.
• With the coracoid process, the pectoralis minor forms a bridge under
which vessels and nerves pass to the arm.
• Thus the pectoralis minor is a useful anatomical and surgical landmark for
structures in the axilla (e.g. the axillary artery).
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
13

14. SUBCLAVIUS
▪ ORIGIN: 1st rib at the
costochondral jn.
▪ INSERTION: subclavian groove of
the clavicle
▪ ACTION: steadies the clavicle
This small, round muscle is located inferior to the clavicle and affords
some protection to the subclavian vessels and the superior trunk of
the brachial plexus if the clavicle fractures.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
14

15. SERRATUS ANTERIOR
▪ ORIGIN: outer and superior surface of the 1-8 ribs
▪ INSERTION: superior angle, medial border and
inferior angle of the scapula
▪ ACTION: rotates scapula upwards,
abduction of shoulder above 90*
This broad sheet of thick muscle was given its name
because of the saw-tooth appearance of its fleshy slips
or digitations (Latin serrae a saw).
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
15

16. POSTERIOR AXIOAPPENDICULAR MUSCLES
• The posterior shoulder muscles are divided into three groups
• Superficial posterior axioappendicular (extrinsic shoulder) muscles:Trapezius and
latissimus dorsi.
• Deep posterior axioappendicular (extrinsic shoulder) muscles: Levator scapulae
and rhomboids.
• Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles: deltoid, teres major, and the four
rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis).
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
16

17. TRAPEZIUS
• Provides a direct attachment of the pectoral girdle to the trunk, cranium
and vertebral column and assists in suspending the upper limb.
• The fibers of the trapezius are divided into three parts that have different
actions at the scapulothoracic joint between the scapula and the thoracic
wall
➢ Descending (superior) part elevates the scapula (e.g. when squaring
shoulders).
➢ Middle part retracts the scapula (i.e. pulls it posteriorly).
➢ Ascending (inferior) fibers depress the scapula and lower the shoulder.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
17

18. Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
18

19. LATISSIMUS DORSI
• The latissimus dorsi is a large, fan-shaped muscle that covers a wide area of the
back.
• It passes from the trunk to the humerus and acts directly on the glenohumeral
(shoulder) joint and indirectly on the pectoral girdle (scapulothoracic joint).
• In conjunction with the pectoralis major, the latissimus dorsi raises the trunk to
the arm, which occurs when the limb is fixed and the body moves, as when
performing chin-ups (hoisting oneself so the chin touches an overhead bar) or
climbing a tree.
• These movements are also used when the trunk is fixed and the limb moves, as
when chopping wood, paddling a canoe, and swimming.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
19

20. LEVATOR SCAPULAE
•The superior third of the levator scapulae lies
deep to the SCM, the inferior third is deep to the
trapezius.
•With the rhomboids and pectoralis minor, it
rotates the scapula, depressing the glenoid cavity.
•Acting bilaterally, the levators extend the neck,
acting unilaterally, the muscle may contribute to
lateral flexion of the neck.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
20

21. RHOMBOIDS
• Lie deep to the trapezius and form parallel bands that pass inferolaterally
from the vertebrae to the medial border of the scapula.
• The thin flat rhomboid major is approximately two times wider than the
thicker rhomboid minor lying superior to it.
• The rhomboids retract and rotate the scapula, depressing the glenoid
cavity.
• They also assist the serratus anterior in holding the scapula against the
thoracic wall and fixing the scapula during movements of the upper limb.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
21

22. SCAPULOHUMERAL MUSCLES
•There are six scapulohumeral muscles
(the deltoid, teres major, supraspinatus,
infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres
minor) are relatively short muscles that
pass from the scapula to the humerus
and act on the glenohumeral joint.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
22

23. DELTOID
• Is a thick powerful muscle forming the
rounded contour of the shoulder
• The muscle is divided into
➢ Clavicular (anterior)
➢ Acromial (middle)
➢ Spinal (posterior) parts that can act
separately or as a whole
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
23

24. • When all three parts contract simultaneously, the arm is abducted
• When the arm is fully adducted, the line of pull of the deltoid coincides with the axis of the
humerus, thus it pulls directly upward on the bone and cannot initiate or produce
abduction.
• The deltoid is, however, able to act as a shunt muscle, resisting inferior displacement of the
head of the humerus from the glenoid cavity.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
24

25. TERES MAJOR
• Is a thick rounded muscle that lies on the inferolateral third
of the scapula
• It adducts and medially rotates the arm, but along with the
deltoid and rotator cuff muscles it is an important stabilizer
of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity during movement.
• N.SUPPLY: Lower Subscapular (C6,C7)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
25

26. ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• Subscapularis
• These are called rotator cuff muscles because they form
a musculotendinous rotator cuff around the
glenohumeral joint.
• All except the supraspinatus are rotators of the
humerus.
• The supraspinatus, besides being part of the rotator cuff,
initiates and assists the deltoid in the first 15° of
abduction of the arm.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
26

27. SUPRASPINATUS
• ORIGIN: supraspinatous fossa of the scapula
▪ INSERTION: superior facet on the gr.tubercleof
the humerus
▪ ACTION: initiation of abduction (15*) & lat.
Rotation
▪ N.SUPPLY: Suprascapular.N From B.P (C5,C6)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
27

28. INFRASPINATUS
▪ ORIGIN: infraspinatous fossa of the scapula
▪ INSERTION: middle facet on the gr.tubercle of the humerus
▪ ACTION: lat.rotation of shoulder, strengthen the shoulder by
bracing the head of humerus.
▪ N.SUPPLY:
Suprascapular .N of B.P (C5,c6)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
28

29. SUBSCAPULARIS
• ▪ ORIGIN: medial 2/3 subscapular
• fossa, lat border of the scapula
▪ INSERTION: lesser tubercle of the humerus
▪ ACTION:
stabilise the shoulder & prevents anterior
displacement of the shoulder
(med. rotation, adduction of arm)
▪ N.SUPPLY: Upper &Lower Subscapular .N
(c5,c6)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
29

30. TERES MINOR
ORIGIN: lat.borderof the scapula
▪ INSERTION: inf.facet on the
gr.tubercle of
the humerus
▪ ACTION: ext.rotator & weak
adductor
▪ N.SUPPLY: Axillary .N.(C5,C6)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
30

31. MOVEMENTS OF THE SHOULDER
• ▪ Flexion
• ▪ Extension
• ▪ Abduction
• ▪ Adduction
• ▪ Internal rotation,
• ▪ External rotation
• ▪ circumduction
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
31

32. MUSCLES OFTHE ARM
• There are four arm muscles
• Three flexors (biceps brachii, brachialis, and
coracobrachialis) are in the anterior (flexor)
compartment and are supplied by the
musculocutaneous nerve.
• One extensor (triceps brachii) is in the posterior
compartment, supplied by the radial nerve.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
32

33. BICEPS
• The biceps brachii has two heads
➢ A long head
➢ A short head
• The biceps is a simple flexor of the forearm
• In pronation the biceps is the primary (most powerful) supinator of the
forearm
• A triangular membranous band, the bicipital aponeurosis, runs from the biceps
tendon across the cubital fossa and merges with the antebrachial (deep) fascia
covering the flexor muscles in the medial side of the forearm.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
33

34. BRACHIALIS
• A flattened fusiform muscle, lies posterior (deep) to the biceps
• It flexes the forearm in all positions and during slow and quick
movements.
Coracobrachialis
• An elongated muscle in the superomedial part of the arm, is a useful
landmark for locating other structures in the arm
• The coracobrachialis helps flex and adduct the arm and stabilize the
glenohumeral joint.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
34

35. BICEPS BRACHII
• ORIGIN:
Long head: supra glenoid tubercle of the scapula
Short head: apex of the coracoid process
▪ INSERTION: RadialTuberosity
▪ ACTION: flexor of supinated forearm
Powerful Supinator Of Partially Flexed Forearm
▪ N.SUPPLY: musculo cutaneous.N (c5,c6)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
35

36. CORACO BRACHIALIS
▪ ORIGIN: coracoid process of the scapula
▪ INSERTION: middle of the medial surface
of the
humerus
▪ ACTION: flexes and adducts the arm
▪ N.SUPPLY: musculocutaneous .N(c6,c7)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
36

37. BRACHIALIS
ORIGIN: distal half of the anterior
humerus
▪ INSERTION :coronoid process,
tuberosity of ulna
▪ ▪ ACTION: Powerful Flexor
Of Forearm
▪ N.SUPPLY: Musculocutaneous .N
(C5,C6,C7)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
37

38. TRICEPS
• ▪ ORIGIN: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the
scapula Lat. Head: oblique ridge on the upper surface
above the radial groove
Medial head: posterior surface of the humerus inf.to
the radial groove
INSERTION: proximal olecranon
of the ulna
ACTION: extends the forearm
N.SUPPLY: Radial .N.(C7,c8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
38

39. TRICEPS BRACHII
• Is a large fusiform muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm that arises by long,
lateral, and medial heads.
• The triceps is the main extensor of the elbow.
• The anconeus muscle helps the triceps extend the forearm and is also said to abduct the
humerus during pronation of the forearm.
• The anconeus muscle is a small muscle on the
posterior aspect of the elbow joint. Some
consider anconeus to be a continuation of the triceps
brachii muscle
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
39

40. MUSCLES OF FOREARM
•There are two groups of
forearm muscles;
• Anterior compartment
• Posterior compartment
• Consisting three layers of muscles
arrangement
1. superficial
2.intermediate
3. Deep
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
40

41. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
COMMON FLX.ORIGIN
•SUPERFICIAL
1.PronatorTeres
2.Flx Carpi Ulnaris
3.Palmaris Longus
4.Flx.Carpi Radialis
5.Flx.Digitorum Superficialis
(sublimus)
•DEEP:
1.Flx.Digitorum Profundus
2.Flx.Pollicis Longus
3.Pronator Quadratus
❑ INTERMEDIATE
1. flexor digitorum superficialis
[FDS]).
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
41

42. POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT/ EXTENSOR
• SUPERFICIAL:
1. Anconeus
2.Brachioradialis
3.Ext.Carpi Radialis Longus
4.Ext.Carpi Radialis Brevis
5.Ext.Digitorum
6.Ext.Digiti Minimi
7.Ext.Carpi Ulnaris
• DEEP
1.Abductor Pollicis Longus
2.Ext.Pollicis Brevis
3.Ext.Pollicis Brevis
4.Ext.Indicis
5.Supinator
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
42

43. EXTENSOR MUSCLES OFTHE FOREARM
• The extensor muscles are in the posterior compartment of the forearm, and all are innervated by
branches of the radial nerve.
• These muscles may be organized into three functional groups
➢ Muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint (extensor carpi radialis longus,
extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris).
➢ Muscles that extend the medial four digits (extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, and extensor digiti
minimi).
➢ Muscles that extend or abduct the thumb (abductor pollicis longus [APL], extensor pollicis brevis
[EPB], and extensor pollicis longus [EPL]).
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
43

44. PRONATORTERES
▪ Insertion: midway long
the lateral surface of the
radius
▪ Action:
pronation,flexion of
forearm
▪ N.Supply: Median.N
(C6c7)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
44

45. FLX.CARPI RADIALIS
▪ INSERTION: base of the
2nd mc bone and slip to the
base of the 3rd MC bone
▪ ACTION: flexion and
abduction of wrist
▪ N.SUPPLY: Median.N
(c6,c7)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
45

46. PALMARIS LONGUS
▪ INSERTION: anterior aspect of
the distal flx.retinaculumand
palmar aponeurosis
▪ ACTION: flx.the wrist, and
tightens the palmar.aponeurosis
▪ N.SUPPLY: Median. N (c6,c7)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
46

47. FLX CARPI ULNARIS
Olecranon:
Humoral head: med epicondyle Ulnar head:
med.The margin of the olecranon, posterior
border of the ulna
▪ INSERTION: pisiform, the hook of hamate,
the base of the 5th MC & flex.retinaculum
▪ ACTION:flexes and adducts the hand
▪ N.SUPPLY: Ulnar.N (C7,C8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
47

48. FLX.DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
▪ ORIGIN: humeroulnar head:
med.epicondyle of the humerus,
coronoid processRadial head:
sup.half of anterior aspect of the
radius
▪ INSERTION : bodies of the Middle
phalanges of the medial 4 digits
▪ ACTION: flx.of all joints it crosses
▪ N.SUPPLY :Median .N (C7,C8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
48

49. FLX.DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
▪ ORIGIN:prox.3/4 of the medial and anterior
aspect of the ulna and from interosseous memb.
▪ INSERTION:base of The Diatal phalanges
of the medial 4 digits
▪ ACTION: flx.DIP,,PIP,MP, wrist
▪ N.SUPPLY:
Medial-ulnar.N (C8,t1)
Lateral-AIN Of Median.N (C8,t1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
49

50. FLX.POLLICIS LONGUS
▪ ORIGIN:phalanx 3/4 of the anterior
surface of radius
▪ INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of
the thumb
▪ ACTION: flexion of proximal & distal
phalnx of the thumb
▪ N.SUPPLY:AIN (C7,C8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
50

51. PRONATOR QUADRATUS
▪ ORIGIN: lower 1/4th of
anterior surface of ulna
▪ INSERTION: lower 1/4th of
anterior surface of radius
▪ ACTION :pronation
▪ N.SUPPLY:AIN (C8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
51

52. POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT/ EXTENSOR
• SUPERFICIAL:
1. Anconeus
2.Brachioradialis
3.Ext.Carpi Radialis Longus
4.Ext.Carpi Radialis Brevis
5.Ext.Digitorum
6.Ext.Digiti Minimi
7.Ext.Carpi Ulnaris
• DEEP
1.Abductor Pollicis Longus
2.Ext.Pollicis Brevis
3.Ext.Pollicis Brevis
4.Ext.Indicis
5.Supinator
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
52

53. ANCONEUS
▪ ORIGIN: posterior surface
of the lat.epicondyle
▪ INSERTION:lateral
surface of olecranon,body of
ulna
▪ ACTION: extension of
forearm
▪ N.SUPPLY: radial.n
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
53

54. BRACHIORADIALIS
▪ ORIGIN: prox.2/3rd of
lat.supracondylar ridge of humerus,
lateral intermuscular septum
▪ INSERTION: lat.aspect of distal
radius just prox.to the styloid
process
▪ ACTION: acc.flexor of elbow
▪ N.SUPPLY: Radial.N (C5,C6)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
54

55. EXT.CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
▪ ORIGIN: lat.supracondylar
ridge of humerus
▪ INSERTION: base of the
2nd MC bone
▪ ACTION: extends and
abducts the hand
▪ N.SUPPLY: Radial .N
(C6,C7)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
55

56. EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
▪ ORIGIN: lat.epicondyle of the humerus
▪ INSERTION: base of the 3rd MC bone
▪ ACTION: extends and abducts the wrist
▪ N.SUPPLY: deep br.of radial .N(c7c8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
56

57. EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
▪ ORIGIN: lat epicondyle of the
humerus
▪ INSERTION: Extensor Expansions
OfThe Medial 4 digits
▪ ACTION: extension at MCP, IP
joints, ext of wrist when the fingers
are extended
▪ N.SUPPLY: PIN (c7,c8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
57

58. EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI
▪ ORIGIN:lat epicondyle of the
humerus
▪ INSERTION:extensor expansion of
the 5thdigit
▪ ACTION: ext.of 5th digit at MC, ext of
wrist when little finger in extension
▪ N.SUPPLY:PIN (c7,c8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
58

59. EXT.CARPI ULNARIS
• ▪ ORIGIN:2 heads lat epicondyle
of humerus,Posterior border of
ulna
• ▪ INSERTION:medial side of the
base of the 5th MC
• ▪ ACTION: extends and adducts
the hand
• ▪ N.SUPPLY:PIN (c7c8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
59

60. SUPINATOR
• ▪ ORIGIN:lat epicondyle of
humerus, radial collateral lig., crest of
ulna
• ▪ INSERTION:
lateral,posterior,anterior surface of prox
1/ 3rd 0f radius
▪ ACTION:supination
▪ N.Supply: deep Br.Of Radial.N (C5,c6)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
60

61. ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS
▪ ORIGIN:upper parts of the posterior
surface of the radius & ulna and interosseous
membrane
▪ INSERTION:base of the 1st MC bone
• ▪ ACTION:
abducts,extends, lat.rotat es the thumb at
carpometacarpal joint, & abducts the wrist.
▪ N.SUPPLY:PIN (c7,c8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
61

62. EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS
▪ ORIGIN:posterior surface of the radius
below the origin ofAbductor Pollicis
longusand from interosseous membrane
▪ INSERTION:base of the prox.phalanx of
the thumb
• ▪ ACTION:extends pox.phalanx
of the thumb at MC joint, ext.at 1st
carpometacarpal joint
▪ N.SUPPLY: Posterior interosseous nerve
(c7,c8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
62

63. EXT.POLLICIS LONGUS
▪ ORIGIN: posterior surface of middle 1/3rd of ulna And
interrosseous mem.
▪ INSERTION:base of the diastal phalanx of the thumb
▪ ACTION:extends distal phalanx of the thumb at MP joint,
Intrapalngeal joint and it can contribute abduction of the
thumb
▪ N.SUPPLY:PIN (c7,c8).
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
63

64. EXTENSOR INDICIS
• ▪ Origin:posterior surface of ulna
m/3rd below the Extensor pollicis
longus
• ▪ Insertion:extensor expansion of
the 2nd finger
▪ Action: ext of index finger and
wrist.
• ▪ N.supply:PIN (c7,c8)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
64

65. EXM.MOVEMENTS OF FOREARM
MUSCLES
•▪ Flexion
•▪ Extension
•▪ Adduction
•▪ Abduction
•AT RADIO ULNAR
JOINT
•▪ Supination
•▪ pronation
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
65

66. FLEXION
• pronator teres
• Flx.carpi radialis
• Flx.carpi ulnaris
• Flx.digitorum superficialis
• Flx. Digitorum profundus
• Palmaris longus
• brachioradialis
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
66

67. EXTENSION
• ▪ Anconeus
• ▪ Ext.Carpi Radialis Longus
• ▪ Ext.Carpi Radialis Brevis
• ▪ Ext.Digitorum
• ▪ Ext.Indisis
• ▪ Ext.Carpi Ulnaris
• ▪ Ext. Digiti Minimi
• ▪ Abductor Pollicis Longus
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
67

68. •ADDUCTION
•flexor carpi ulnaris
•extensor carpi ulnaris
•ABDUCTION
•flx.carpi radialis
•ext.carpi radialis longus
•Ext.carpi radialis brevis
•Abductor pollicis longus
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
68

69. • PRONATION
• pronator teres
• Pronator quadratus
• ▪ SUPINATION
• biceps
• supinator
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
69

70. INTRINSIC MUSCLES OFTHE HAND
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
70

71. • Thenar muscles abductor pollicis brevis
• flx.pollicis brevis
• opponens pollicis
• Adductor pollicis
• Hypothenar muscles- palmaris brevis
• abductor digiti minimi
• flx.digiti minimi
• opponens digiti minimi
• Lumbricals -4
• Palmar interossei-4
• Dorsal interosei-4
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
71

72. THENAR MUSCLES
• ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS
• ▪ ORIGIN:
• flx.retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid,
trapezium
• ▪ INSERTION: lat.side of the base of
the prox.phalax of the thumb
• ▪ ACTION: abduction at
carpometacarpal,MPjoints
• ▪ N.SUPPLY: recurrent br.of median.n
(c8t1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
72

73. FLX.POLLICIS BREVIS
• ▪ ORIGIN:2 heads
• suf.head: flx.retinaculum & trapezium bone
• Deep head: floor of carpal canal overlies the
trepezoid,capitate
• ▪ INSERTION: lateral side of the 1st metacarpal bone
and base of the prox phalanx
• ▪ ACTION: flexes the prox.phalanx of the thumb at
MCP and med.rotation at carpometacarpal joint
• ▪ N.SUPPLY:
• SEPERFICIAL HEAD: median.n (c8,t1)
• DEEP HEAD: Deep Br.Of Ulnar Nerve
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
73

74. OPPONENS POLLICIS
• ▪ ORIGIN:
flex.retinaculum, trapezium bone
• ▪ INSERTION :lat.half of the
palmar surface of the 1st
metacarpal bone
• ▪ ACTION: oppositioin of the
thumb in combination of flexion
and med.rotation
• ▪ N:SUPPLY: Media.N (C8,t1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
74

75. ADDUCTOR POLLICIS
• ▪ ORIGIN: 2heads
oblique head : bases of 2nd 3rd metacarpals and
capitate boneTransverse head: anterior surface
of 3rd metacarpal bone
• ▪ INSERTION: base of prox.phalanx of the
thumb
• ▪ ACTIONS: adducts tha
prox.phalanx of the thumb
• ▪ N.SUPPLY:
• DEEP BR.OF ULNAR NERVE (C8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
75

76. HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES
• PALMARIS BREVIS
• ▪ ORIGIN:
• flx.retinaculum,palmar aponeurosis
• ▪ INSERTION: skin along
the medial border of the hand
• ▪ ACTION:helps in gripping by
wrinkling of
skin over it
• ▪ N.SUPPLY:Ulnar.N
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
76

77. ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI
• ▪ ORIGIN: pisiform bone,the
tendon of the
flx.carpi ulnaris
• ▪ INSERTION :medial side of the
base of the prox.phalanx of the 5th
digit
• ▪ ACTION:abducts th 5th digit
• ▪ N.SUPPY: Deep Br.Of Ulnar .N
(C8,t1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
77

78. FLX.DIGITI MINIMI
▪ ORIGIN : hook of
hamate,flx.retinaculum
• ▪ INSERTION :medial aspect
of the base of the prox.phalanx
of little finger
• ▪ ACTION: flex theprox
phalanx of 5th digit atMCP joint
• ▪ N.SUPPLY: Deep Br. Of
Ulnar.N (C8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
78

79. OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI
• ▪ ORIGIN:hook of hamate,
flx.retinaculum
• ▪ INSERTION:body of the 5th
metacarpal.
• ▪ ACTION:abducts,
flexion,lat.rotates the 5th
metacarpal
• ▪ N.SUPPLY: deep br.ofulnar.N
(C8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
79

80. LUMBRICALS
• ▪ ORIGIN:
1&2 lumbrical arise from the 2 lateral tendon
of th flx.digitorum profundus. 2&4 arises
from the medial tendons of the flx.digitorum
profundus
• ▪ INSERTION : lateral side of the
ext.expansion of medial 4 digits.
• ▪ ACTION: flex the MCP, extends the IP
▪ N.SUPPLY: 1&2 lumbrical- Median .N
(C8,t1)3&4 lumbrical- Deep Br.Of Ulnar
.N(c8,t1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
80

81. PALMAR INTEROSSEI
• ▪ ORIGIN: palmar interossei
arises from palmar surface of the
metacarpal bones of 2,4,5 digits
• ▪ INSERTION: extensor expansion of the
digit and bases of the prox.phalanx of the
2,4,5 digits
• ▪ ACTION: AddutsThe Fingers At
MCP, assists flexion atMCP, extension at IP
• ▪ N.SUPPLY: deep br. Of unlar .n (C8,T1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
81

82. DORSAL INTEROSSEI
• ▪ ORIGIN: adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones
• ▪ INSERTION: base of the prox.phalanx and in to the
aponeurosis that forms ext.expansion
• ▪ ACTION: abducts the fingers,flex the MCP
• ▪ N.SUPPLY: Deep Br.Of Ulnar .N (C8,t1)
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
82

83. Tuesday, February 8, 2022
Darm Bon Masese
83