This document provides an overview of crop insurance in India, including the various approaches, concepts, types of crop insurance schemes, and the evolution of crop insurance in India. It discusses the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme and its key challenges, as well as the Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme. It also briefly covers livestock insurance schemes in India.
For the undergraduate students of the course: Ag. Econ. 6.4 Farm Management, Production and Resource Economics (2+1) of Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat and other SAU's in India.
Compacted Soil, Reduced air permeability.
• Reduced water infiltration.
• Restricted plant root growth.
• Restricted accessibility of nutrients due to the increase in bulk density and reduced soil pore size.
• Dry topsoil.
• Reduced soil pore size.
• Decreased oxygen diffusion causing anaerobic conditions in the soil.
• Increased soil water saturation.
• Increased denitrification processes in the soil which leads to increased N2O emission, decreased
available nitrogen in the soil, and reduced efficiency of nitrogen usage by crops which further lead
to an increase of fertilizer use.
• Reduced soil aeration.
• Reduced microbial biomass.
• Reduced number of macrofauna like Earthworm due to the reduction of large pores.
• Reduced crop yield,Causes,Management
For the undergraduate students of the course: Ag. Econ. 6.4 Farm Management, Production and Resource Economics (2+1) of Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat and other SAU's in India.
Compacted Soil, Reduced air permeability.
• Reduced water infiltration.
• Restricted plant root growth.
• Restricted accessibility of nutrients due to the increase in bulk density and reduced soil pore size.
• Dry topsoil.
• Reduced soil pore size.
• Decreased oxygen diffusion causing anaerobic conditions in the soil.
• Increased soil water saturation.
• Increased denitrification processes in the soil which leads to increased N2O emission, decreased
available nitrogen in the soil, and reduced efficiency of nitrogen usage by crops which further lead
to an increase of fertilizer use.
• Reduced soil aeration.
• Reduced microbial biomass.
• Reduced number of macrofauna like Earthworm due to the reduction of large pores.
• Reduced crop yield,Causes,Management
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
In this ppt presentation the role, need and sources of credit in Indian agriculture are listed clearly explained which will be very useful for the economics and finance students. here, we have discussed about the institutional credit agencies and non institutional credits and various government schemes.
CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMsubhashB10
In this presentation you will come to know about the CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM. That is:
DEFINITION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON IT.
And also you will come to know about the use of alternate land use system in different aspects in agricultural sector.
Varietal identificaton through grow-out test and ElectrophoresisNSStudents
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Varietal identificaton through grow-out test and Electrophoresis.
Agriculture production and farm incomes in India are frequently affected by natural disasters like flood, drought and earthquake etc.
Agricultural insurance is considered an important mechanism to effectively address the risk to output and income resulting from various natural and manmade events.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
In this ppt presentation the role, need and sources of credit in Indian agriculture are listed clearly explained which will be very useful for the economics and finance students. here, we have discussed about the institutional credit agencies and non institutional credits and various government schemes.
CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMsubhashB10
In this presentation you will come to know about the CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM. That is:
DEFINITION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON IT.
And also you will come to know about the use of alternate land use system in different aspects in agricultural sector.
Varietal identificaton through grow-out test and ElectrophoresisNSStudents
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Varietal identificaton through grow-out test and Electrophoresis.
Agriculture production and farm incomes in India are frequently affected by natural disasters like flood, drought and earthquake etc.
Agricultural insurance is considered an important mechanism to effectively address the risk to output and income resulting from various natural and manmade events.
This paper presents the unique challenges and opportunities on implementing Agriculture insurance in India. It also covers the historical details regarding the various insurance schemes implemented by the Government of India in the last few decades.
This article describes the various challenges and opportunities in implementing Agriculture insurance in India. It also details the historical insurance programs and crop insurance schemes implemented by the Government of India in the past few decades.
Agriculture is a main stay of Indian economy. About fifty percent population of India is dependent upon agriculture sector for their sustenance notwithstanding its reduced share in GDP of India. Agricultural production is frequently affected by natural disasters like floods, earthquake, drought, cyclone etc. these events severely affect the income of the farmers through loss in agricultural production as these events are beyond the control of farmers. With the commercialization of agriculture, magnitude of loss due to these events is increasing. The important strategy which can effectively address the risk to output and farm income is agriculture insurance. Since independence the various agriculture insurance schemes have been introduced in the country. The main objective of this paper is to examine the growth and performance of agriculture insurance in India. The farmers who have insured their crops during the rabi season were 78362063 and during kharif season were 192794173 from 1999 00 to 2015 16 under the NAIS. Dr. Manisha | Harpreet Kaur "Crop Insurance Schemes in India: A Glance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25354.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/25354/crop-insurance-schemes-in-india-a-glance/dr-manisha
Government run crop yield insurance scheme, procurement at minimum support prices and calamity relief funds are the major instruments being used to protect the Indian farmer from agricultural variability. However, crop insurance covers only about 10% of sown area and suffers from an adverse claims to premium. There are problems with both the design and delivery of crop insurance schemes. These problems could be overcome with rainfall insurance with a well developed rainfall measurement infrastructure. Private and public insurers are currently experimenting with rainfall insurance products. Given the current levels of yield and rainfall variability the actuarially fair premium rates are likely to be high and in many cases unattractive or unaffordable. Instead of adopting the easy and unsustainable route of large subsidies, in the long term the government should consider risk mitigation through improvements in the irrigation and water management infrastructure.
Crop Insurance, the Backbone of Indian farming communityIssues and ChallengesIJERA Editor
The dynamism of the farming sector, and its environment, is reflected in developments in the design of new
insurance products. In the last decade two types of new products have been introduced. In some cases these have
partially displaced existing covers; in others they have resulted in demand from new clients. Implementation of
technology in farming usually involves investment. Such changes also frequently alter the risk profile of the
enterprise. There are occasions when insurance can be a key component in a range of risk management
strategies for the insurers. From an administrative point of view bank-insurer linkages make a lot of sense, since
both these providers of financial services require similar client data.
This type of link, crop insurance and loans, is already very common, both in developing and developed
agriculture. The vast, heavily subsidized scheme in India is largely linked to bank lending. So instead of the
usual policy wording, such as indemnity, or range of indemnity levels, or a per hectare basis for a given crop,
for losses from specific causes, the coupon merely gives a monetary sum which becomes payable on
certification that the named weather event, of specified severity, has occurred. Again the role of state is very
important making available crop insurance on a large scale, as they are public good in nature. Recently in
Odisha, for crops such as Niger, cotton, red grams, jute, turmeric, ginger and banana, the farmers of selected
blocks in some district could take advantage of the scheme. Because indemnity claim is settled only on the basis
of yield data furnished by the State government. Hence the criteria that is based on requisite number of crop
cutting experiments conducted under general crop estimation surveys should be supported by State to offer
desired result in crop insurance.
Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Studies(IGIDR), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on
‘Harnessing Opportunities to Improve Agri-Food Systems’ on July 24-25 , 2014 in New Delhi.
The two day conference aims to discuss the agricultural priority of the government and develop a road map to realise these priorities for improved agri food systems.
Biofertilizers definition, classification, bacterial biofertilizers, mass production of bacterial biofertilizers, prospects and constraints of biofertilizers production in hilly regions of Indian states. Liquid biofertilizers and its uses and advatages
agriculture science practical crop production pulses and its significance to ...BABLUHRANGKHAWL
pracatical crop production
Significance of pulse to indian national economy and also its significant role to human nutririon like protein content and also its contribution to growing GDP
Horticulture
quality analysis of horticultural crops like its maturity stage and its perfect for harvesting and also market quality analysis and also physio and chemical sensory of crops
Food technology
Nutritional disorder and its causes and also its corrective measurement
like marasmus, anaemia. kwashiorkor, goiter, fluorosis and xeropthalmia
Agricultural Entomology
Apiculture; seasonal management of bee like forage management Honey flow management dearth period management tree for pollen and nectar management, winter management, spring management, summer management
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BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
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Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
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2. Crop insurance in India - Changes and
Challenges
Content
Introduction
Risk in agriculture
Approaches to crop insurance
Concepts used in crop insurance
Types of Crop insurance
Evolution of crop insurance schemes in India
National Agricultural Insurance Scheme and key Challenges
Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme
Conclusion
3. Introduction
*India is an agrarian country where 60 per cent of the
population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities, for
their livelihood and contributing about 17.2 percent to the
country’s GDP.
*More people in developing countries like India earn their
livelihood from this sector than from all other economic
sectors combined.
*Agriculture production and farm incomes in India are
frequently affected by natural disasters.
*According to the crop loss data for the period 1985-2020
more than 70 percent of the crop loss is a result of drought
and about 20 percent owing to excess rainfall.
*In recent times, mechanisms like contract farming and
future’s trading have been established which are expected
to provide some insurance against price fluctuations directly
or indirectly.
4. Risk in Agriculture Risk management
Production Avoiding
Market Preventing
Financial Sharing
Resource Transferring
Legal/Policy Taking
Spreading
5. Approaches to crop insurance
Individual approach
Area approach
Individual approach:
In this approach individual is focus of attention. The
normal output, level of premium and level of indemnity are
determined for each farmer individually.
Drawbacks of Individual Approach
It is very tedious job to collect yield data of individual
farmer, It is actually impracticable.
Regarding the premium rate it has to be calculated
separately for each insurer
The process of assessing indemnity separately for each
individual insurer will be administratively expensive and
practically tedious.
6. Area approach:
In this approach the normal output, premium rate and the
indemnity are determined for all the farmers in a given area
or region, which is agro climatically homogeneous.
Advantages of Area approach over Individual Approach
Calculation of normal output in the area, premium rate in
the area and indemnity payable is practicable and
administratively easier.
Compulsory insurance will not be necessary when there is
selective participation, which is essential in individual
approach.
Drawbacks of Area Approach
When the actual yield of the area is above normal yield and
if a particular farmer has obtained a yield less than the
normal then he will not get any indemnity or compensation.
A farmer is eligible for compensation even though he gets a
yield more than the normal yield.
7. Concept
Crop insurance : It is protecting the farmers / cultivars
against financial loss on the account of anticipated crop loss
arising out of practically all natural factors beyond there
control such as natural factor, weather ,flood, pest and
diseases.
Actuarial: Describes the calculations made by an actuary.
Essentially this is a branch of statistics, dealing with the
probabilities of an event occurring.
Catastrophe: A severe, sudden and unexpected disaster
which results in heavy losses.
Claim: The application for indemnity (payment) after an
insured event has occurred.
8. Gross Premium/ Premium rate: The premium paid by the
insured, which is aggregate of components including risk
premium plus operating expenses, commissions, reserves
and other expenses paid by the insured.
Indemnity: It is the compensation payable to the insured
farmers for a crop loss resulted by the insured causes. It is
determined by the quantity by which the yield falls short of
the coverage.
Guaranteed Yield: The expected physical yield of a crop
stated in the insurance policy, against which actual yields
will be compared when adjusting any losses.
Loss Cost: Claims expressed as a percentage of the total sum
insured or total liability
Premium: This is the fixed amount that an insured or farmer
pays to the insurance agency this is also called as average
annual loss cost. The premium rate is fixed or determined
based on the variations in yield during past years.
9. Pure premium rate: It is the definite amount payable to
the insurer by the insured for the insurance protection
offered to him.
Insured: Insured is the party (farmer) who as to be
indemnified by the insurance agency by the insurer when is
incurred due to insured causes.
Coverage: This is the insurance protection offered. It can
be distinguished in to
level of coverage: When expressed as percentage of the
long- term average yield
Quantum of coverage: When expressed in terms of
physical units Ex: tones
Monetary coverage: Coverage of a crop insurance scheme
expressed in monetary terms.
10. Types of crop insurance
1. Based on Perils insured
Single Peril insurance
All Peril insurance
2. Based on Object insured
Single crop insurance
Multiple crop insurance
3. Based on administration
Public insurance
Private insurance
4. Based on Scope & Application
Voluntary insurance
Compulsory insurance
11. Evolution of crop insurance schemes in India
1. First Individual Approach Scheme 1972-1978
An ad-hoc and scattered scale of agricultural insurance scheme was
started from 1972-73.
GIC of India introduced a Crop Insurance Scheme on H-4 cotton in
Gujarat.
This scheme was based on “Individual Approach” and later included
groundnut, wheat and potato.
Implemented in the states of Andra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal.
It continued up to 1978-79
Total farmers covered : 3110
Total premium collected (lakhs): Rs.4.54
Total Claims (lakhs): Rs.37.88
Claims to premium ratio: 8.34
12. Pilot crop insurance scheme
It was introduced on the basis of report of Prof. V.M. Dandekar
Based on Homogenous Area approach
The scheme covered cereals, millets, oilseeds, cotton, potato and
chickpea
The scheme was available to lonee farmers only & on voluntary basis
The Insurance premium ranged from 5 to 10 per cent of the sum insured
The premium paid was shared between the GIC of India and State
Governments in the ratio of 2:1.
The maximum sum insured was 100 per cent of the crop loan, which was
later increased to 150 per cent.
Premium charges payable by small / marginal farmers were subsidized by
50 per cent shared equally between the state and central governments
Pilot Crop Insurance Scheme launched in 1979 continue till 1984-85 and
was implemented in 13 states Pilot Crop Insurance Scheme (PCIS) 1979-
1984
13. 2. Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme (CCIS) 1985-99
This scheme was linked to short term credit
Implemented based on the “homogenous area
approach”.
Till Kharif 1999, the scheme was adopted in 15
states and 2 UT’s.
Compulsory for loanee farmers in the participating
states/UTs
14. *Main Features of the Scheme were:
a. It covered farmers availing crop loans from Financial Institutions,
on compulsory basis.
b. The coverage was restricted to 100 per cent of the crop loan
subject to a maximum of Rs.10, 000/- per farmer.
c. The premium rates were 2 per cent for cereals and millets and 1
per cent for pulses and oilseeds.
d. Half of the premium payable by small and marginal farmers was
subsidized equally by the Central and State Governments.
e. Burden of Premium and Claims was shared by Central and State
Governments in a 2:1 ratio.
f. The scheme was a multi agency effort, involving GOI, State
Governments, Banking Institutions and GIC.
g. This scheme is optional to state government
15. National Agricultural Crop Insurance
Scheme (NAIS) 1999 – till Date
NAIS was introduced in the country from the rabi season of
1999-2000
This scheme is available to both loanees & non-loanees. And
compulsory for lonee farmers availing crop loan from financial
institution
It covers all food grains, oilseeds and annual horticultural /
commercial crops for which past data available for an adequate
number of years.
Among the annual commercial and horticultural crops,
sugarcane, potato, cotton, ginger, onion, turmeric, chilies,
coriander, cumin, jute, tapioca, banana and pineapple, are
covered under the scheme.
The scheme is operating on the basis of both “area approach”,
for widespread calamities, “individual approach”, for localized
calamities such as hailstorm, landslide, cyclone and floods.
16. No. in lakh
Maharashtra 15.8%
MP 12.8%
Kartaka 6.40%
Gujarat 6.30%
Bihar 3.10%
AP 13.50%
WB 5.50%
UP 10.80%
TN 2.50%
Rajasthan 7.80%
Odisha 6.70%
State wise covered under NAIS – 1999-
17. Key challenges in NAIS
The most important one is ‘basis risk’ as the area (insurance unit) is
rarely homogenous.
Presently efforts are made to lower the size of the area in order to
minimize the basis risk.
The insurance cover primarily operates from ‘sowing till harvesting’,
and for this reason pre-sowing and post-harvest losses are not
reflected in the yield index. Yet another challenge is the
infrastructure and manpower required to conduct over a million crop
cutting experiments across the country to estimate the yields of each
specific crop in an area.
The process also contributes to delay in settlement of indemnities as
the yield estimates’ compilation takes almost two to three months
after the harvest season.
18. Weather based crop insurance
In India, weather-based insurance was first introduced in 2003 by ICICI
Lombard with technical assistance from the World Bank for groundnut
and castor farmers of Mahbubnagar district in Andhra Pradesh.
About 154 groundnut farmers and 76 castor-bean farmers participated in
the scheme in 2003 followed by 430 farmers in the following year for an
average sum insured of Rs 6,000.
WBAIC were implemented in the selected areas on a pilot basis in Kharif
2003
It provides payout against adverse rainfall incidence (both deficit and
excess) during kharif and adverse incidence in weather parameters like
frost, heat, relative humidity, unseasonal rainfall etc., during rabi.
It operates on the concept of area approach
This scheme is available to both loanees (compulsory) and non-loanees
(voluntary).
The risk period under weather insurance products extends from sowing
to harvesting and thus varies from crop to crop.
19. The WBCIS is based on actuarial rates of premium
(with a cap at the rate of 8%-10% for food crops and
oilseeds and 12% for commercial crops) but to make
it affordable, the premium actually charged from
farmers has been fixed “as par” with the NAIS.
The scheme operates with upfront premium
subsidy contribution by the government (central
and state), with the same level of financial support
to the public and private insurers, while the entire
claims are borne by the insurers Premium rates for
different crops under WBCIS
20. Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS)
WBAIC were implemented in the selected areas on a pilot
basis in Kharif 2003
It provides payout against adverse rainfall incidence
(both deficit and excess) during kharif and adverse
incidence in weather parameters like frost, heat, relative
humidity, unseasonal rainfall etc., during rabi.
It operates on the concept of area approach
This scheme is available to both loanees (compulsory)
and non-loanees (voluntary).
The risk period under weather insurance products
extends from sowing to harvesting and thus varies from
crop to crop.
22. Livestock insurance
What is Livestock Insurance ?
Livestock insurance is a contract by which the Insurer agrees
to identify the insured against such loss or damage as he may
sustain by reasons of injury to or the death of livestock by the
happening of the perils specified.
OR A contract to pay a certain sum of money on the death of
an animal from disease or accident.
23. Cattle and livestock are the bread and butter for
billions of farmers in India and cross the world.
With this regard the insurance policy covers
animals such as cows, buffaloes, bullocks, sheep
and goats owned by the different individuals and
which are used for commercial and for personal
purposes against the risk of permanent total
disablement or death due to accident and/or any
diseases which the animal may contract during the
policy period.
24. The policy covers death caused by:
Accident inclusive of fire, lighting, flood, storm,
hurricane, earthquake, cyclone, tornado etc.
Diseases contracted or occurring during the period of the
policy.
Surgical operation.
Riot and strike taking place which cause to death.
The policy also provides cover against permanent total
disablement suffered by the cattle due to any accident or illness.
25. The policy does not cover the following:
Willful injury or neglect, overloading, unskillful
treatment or use of animal for purpose other than
stated in the policy.
Accidents occurring and/or diseases contracted
prior to commencement of policy period.
26. Pashudhan Bima Yojna 2015-16
Deal with New India Insurance Company
1st August to 15th August 2016 celebrated a
awareness about the livestock insurance.
1 Family – 1 Livestock Unit
Insurance for 1 year or 3 year
Insurance interest rate for 1 yr. 2.45 % and for 3
years 6.40 % of the cost.
Subsidy, open 50%, BPL holders and backward
classes it is 70%.
27. Price of Animals – Depend on Quantity of Milk.
1 liter = 3000 Rs. For Cow
1 liter = 4000 Rs. For Buffalo
Insurance claim will be given when the animal dies within the
time period of the insurance. (death due to ill-ness, accident,
fire, thunder lighting, flood, earthquake, drought, or due to
fights).
Premium based on cost of animal.
The cost of animal is decided by Farmer, Doctor and insurance
agent.
28. Identification of insured animal
Ear tags made of suitable material are applied to
the ear of the animal and the code number is
entered into the veterinary health certificate.
Photographs of animals may be insisted by the
insurance company in case of high value animal.
29. Applying procedure
Animal within a specified age
groups are accepted for insurance.
Sum insured under the policy will
be the market value of the animal.
The sum of money paid for
compensation by the company is
limited to 75% of sum insured.
30. Claim procedure
Duly completed claim form.
Death certificate obtained from
qualified veterinarian.
Postmortem report if required by the
company.
Ear tag applied to the animal should
be surrendered. The condition of “
NO TAG- NO CLAIM” will be applied if
the tag is not surrendered.
31. Subsidies for Farmers in India for Selected
Machinery
The government of India, as well as the state
governments, initiate several schemes that assist to
diminish the plight of the farmers.
Thus, it focuses on every segment of the agricultural
scheme. Such as, each subdivision from raw material
procurement to the transport and marketing of the
produce, subsidies are available.
Further, Haryana, the highest agricultural producer in
the country is adopting modernized machinery to
encourage agricultural advancements.
Thus, few schemes like RKVY, crop diversification,
State plan, NFSM, are ISOPOM aiding the cause.
32. Focusing on Machinery Subsidies
Recently, the government provided an 80% subsidy
on machinery and equipment for farmers to
maintain the stubble.
Thus, the subsidy would help to buy paddy straw
chopper, happy seedier, straw management system
and so on that would otherwise cost a fortune.
Besides, the government provides subsidies through
state plans for purchasing mulcher, cutter, and
spreader, rotavator plough, etc.
Rotavator
33. Common Objectives of Subsidiary
Schemes Promoting Machineries
To adapt newer and faster machines
Further, to facilitate machine purchasing
Helping to decrease the cost of cultivation
Additionally, to ensure the timeliness of
cultivation timing
Most importantly, to improve the livelihood of
the farmers
34. 1. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas
Yojana (RKVY)
In this scheme, the government offers a 100% subsidy
depending on the ongoing project.
Further, aims to assist the advancement of the farming
sector.
Additionally, this is a state plan scheme, that is the state
official committee grant the subsidy are verifying the
farmer’s proposal.
Moreover, the governments initiated this as a part of the
National Agriculture Development Programme.
Despite other segments, it focuses on, it significantly
works on Agriculture Mechanization. Extra information is
available the schemes official portal.
35. 2. National Food Security
Mission (NFSM)
This scheme is for improving the machinery rather than
their purchasing.
Further, this scheme aids in maintaining machines such as
tractor, tillers, and so on in good condition.
Therefore, increasing the productivity on the farm. Even
though, it’s main aim was to increase productivity, it assists
several clusters to attain the aim.
Accordingly, one such cluster that was immensely benefited
from the scheme was machines that aid the cultivator.
36. 3. Sub-Mission on Agricultural
Mechanization (SMAM)
SMAM strives to assist the small and marginal farmers by
creating hubs that aid in the purchase of equipment.
Further, this is initiative is in every state of the country.
Moreover, this was a response to the extreme air pollution
seen during stubble burning.
Thus, mechanization adaptation was feasible to reduce the
pollution in Haryana, Delhi, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh.
Furthermore, the scheme promotes Farm Machinery Training
and Testing Institutes (FMTTIs), financial assistance, and
encourage farm machinery.
37. 4. NABARD loans in India
This scheme offers every farmer the opportunity to purchase
necessary machines, importantly tractors.
However, they expect a down payment of 15% of the tractors
or machinery cost.
Nonetheless, NABRAD provides 30% of the cost as a subsidy
for tractor
Tractor
38. 6. List of Certain Subsidies in the
Respective States
Tractors, a chief machine that serves well in the
agricultural sector.
Further, its absolute necessity as well their ability to
ease the work of farmers is commendable.
Hence, many states in India offer subsidiaries for the
tractor.
Besides, the above- mentioned machines help the
cultivator achieve increased production. Accordingly,
few of them are mentioned here-on:
39. Yantra Laxmi Scheme
Available in Telangana offers a 50% subsidiary for buying a
tractor.
Further, being under Farm Mechanization Scheme, it aids
the purchasing of other farm apparatuses.
Additionally, provide a 100% subsidiary to SC/ST.
Besides, a loan is also available from SBI if the applicant is
an eligible bachelor with insurance and collateral security.
Also, the agricultural loan can be short term or long term
with 12% interest per annum.
Nevertheless, this subsidy holds good for purchasing
rotators, Mini Tractors, Power Weeders, and Trans-
planters.
40. Subsidies in Assam
Chief Minister Samafre Gramya Unnayan Yojana (CMSGUY)
is responsible for tractor subsidy in Assam.
Thus, CMSGUY offers a 70% subsidy up to Rs 5.5 lakhs.
However, it necessary for the cultivator to be eligible.
Accordingly, the eligible farmer must own 2 acres of
land. Nevertheless, a group (8-10) of farmers could also
avail the benefits of the scheme.
Following approval, 70% is offered as a subsidy, 20% in
the form of a loan, and 10% would be the farmer’s share.
That apart, SBI also provide loan to assist in the purchase
of other machines.
41. Information and Documents Necessary to
Avail the Benefits of the Schemes
1. Aadhar card
2. Voter card
3. Copy from the bank (statement)
4. Account details
5. PAN card
6. Contact information
7. Name and date of birth
8. Application letter
9. Payment receipt
42. Conclusion
In conclusion, efforts are at the full swing from
the government to ease the life of farmers.
Consequently, ranging from the raw material
procurement to the complex marketing and
infrastructure, the center assists all along the
way.
Additionally, all the schemes are easy to avail
thereby making their life simpler.
As an result, the bigger picture would be the
improvement of the Indian economy.