Health informatics

YASHWANT RAMAWAT
RAK COLLEGE OF NURSING
NEW DELHI

It is a more comprehensive term
that is defined the use of
information technologies with
information management concept
and methods to support the
delivery of health care. It includes
the medical , nursing , dental, and
pharmacy informatics as well as all
other health care deciplines.

American nurses association has
defined it as ‘ the development
and evaluation of applications,
tools, processes, and structures
which assist nurses with the
management of data in taking
care of patients or supporting
the practice of nursing’.

Data: it is defined as raw and
unstructured facts.
Information : it consists of data that
have been given form and have been
interpreted.
Knowledge : it takes the process one
step further because it is synthesis of
data and information.

NURSING
CLINICAL
PRACTICE:
NURSING
ADMINISTRATI
ON
NURSING
EDUCATION:
NURSING
RESEARCH

Theory development
Analysis of information needs
Selection of computer systems
Design of computer systems and customizations
Ongoing maintenance and enhancements
Identifications of computer technologies
that can benefit nursing

 Technology- is the collection of
techniques, skills, methods and processes
used in the production of goods or services or
in the accomplishment of objectives, such as
scientific investigation. Technology can be
the knowledge of techniques, processes, etc.
or it can be embedded in machines,
computers, devices and factories, which can
be operated by individuals without detailed
knowledge of the workings of such things.

 There are a number of activities within clinical
research that CRI supports, including:
 more efficient and effective data collection and
acquisition
 improved recruitment into clinical trials
 optimal protocol design and efficient
management
 patient recruitment and management
 adverse event reporting
 regulatory compliance
 data storage, transfer, processing and analysis
 repositories of data from completed clinical
trials (for secondary analyses)

 Nursing Informatics is the "science and
practice (that) integrates nursing, its
information and knowledge, with
management of information and
communication technologies to promote the
health of people, families, and communities
worldwide." (IMIA Special Interest Group on
Nursing Informatics 2009). The application of
nursing informatics knowledge is empowering
for all healthcare practitioners in achieving
patient centered care.

Experts in understanding patient care workflow In possession of
additional education and experience related to their extensive
clinical knowledge through technology and information systems
The responsibilities of Nurse Informaticists are to:
Communicate and coordinate patient care with all other clinical
disciplines
Evaluate and improve discharge planning and transitions of care
Manage all information related to the nursing process for patient
care delivery

health informatics field in a variety of roles,
including:
● Leadership and management
● Risk analysis
● Compliance and patient safety management
● Consultation
● Educational and professional training
● Policy development and advocacy
● Research and evaluation
● Project management
● Point of care programs
● Patient advocates
● Informatics specialist, manager or director
● Clinical applications analyst
● Clinical data specialist

Diagnostic process
Medical history
Family history
Drug history
Laboratory results
Pre consultation screening
Coding of clinical data
Using data from confidential sources

e-mail
mailing list
electronic database
health source
web site evaluation
health information online
confidentiality ,security, and privacy of health information
telehealth
futurestic nursing

 Email is a system for sending and
receiving a digital message over a
computer network, between two
personal computers. An email
message contains two sections, the
header and the body of the email.
The header contains the sender’s
address, the receiver’s address, the
subject heading, and attachments, if
included. The body of the email
contains the main message and the
signature block.

 appointment schedules (booking,
cancelling, and automated
reminders),
 billing questions,
 health questions for the nurses,
 prescription refills,
 referrals or non-urgent consults,
 test results, sick note renewals,
 preventative health care reminders,
counseling, and education

 A mailing list is simply a list of e-mail addresses
of people that are interested in the same
subject, are members of the same work group,
or who are taking class together.
 When a member of the list sends a note to the
group's special address, the e-mail is broadcast
to all of the members of the list.
 The key advantage of a mailing list over a things
such as web-based discussion is that as new
message becomes available they are
immediately delivered to the participants'
mailboxes.
 A mailing list sometime can also include
information such as phone number, postal
address, fax number and more.

 An increasing number of database are
available over the internet and can be
accessed through local libraries or by
subscripltion from a vendor which provide
access to online databases and e-journals.

 Scholarly journal articles about nursing and
allied health. Includes nursing interventions,
management, education, theory, and history.
Also includes allied health topics such as
physical and occupational therapy.

 CINAHL with Full Text
(Cumulative Index to Nursing
& Allied Health Literature)
indexes over 950 English-
language nursing and allied
health journals and
publications of the American
Nurses' Association and the
National League for Nursing.
Includes full-text for more
than 580 journals.

 Subjects include:
 Aging
 AIDS
 Cancer
 Diseases
 Healthcare
 Medicine
 Nursing
 Occupational Therapy
 Physical Therapy
 Public Health
 Rehabilitation

 Formerly Medscape Reference has
comprehensive clinical overviews of over 10,
000 conditions, procedures and drugs. Also
contains images and interactive clinical
tools. Access to MedScape Reference requires
creating a free account. Formerly eMedicine.
Please use this newly combined
eMedicine/MedScape Reference. Medscape
Reference has comprehensive clinical
overviews of over 10, 000 conditions,
procedures and drugs. Also contains images
and interactive clinical tools.

 Scholarly articles in psychology, plus
medicine, psychiatry, education, social work,
criminology, social science, business, &
organizational behavior.
 Covers the academic, research and practice
literature -- including journal articles,
dissertations, book chapters, books,
technical reports -- from over 45 countries in
more than 30 languages. From the American
Psychological Association.

Subjects include:
Business (advertising & marketing)
Communication Sciences
Education
Medicine
Psychiatry
Psychology
Sociology

 Nursing/Academic Edition provides
researchers, allied health professionals,
nurses and medical educators with access to
full-text scholarly journals focusing on many
medical disciplines.
 Coverage of nursing and allied health is
particularly strong, including full text from
for more than 355 journals, of which 287 are
peer-reviewed, as well as abstracting and
indexing for more than 830 journals.

 The Education Resources Information
Center (ERIC) is an online digital library of
education research and information.
 ERIC is sponsored by the Institute of
Education Sciences of the United States
Department of Education.
 The mission of ERIC is to provide a
comprehensive, easy-to-use, searchable,
Internet-based bibliographic and full-text
database of education research and
information for educators, researchers, and
the general public

 ERIC provides access to 1.5 million bibliographic
records (citations, abstracts, and other pertinent
data) of journal articles and other education-related
materials, with hundreds of new records added every
week.
 The ERIC Collection, begun in 1966, contains records
for a variety of publication types, including:
 journal articles
 books
 research syntheses
 conference papers
 technical reports
 dissertations
 policy papers, and
 other education-related materials

 web has grown rapidly since the beginning ,
and information can be published easily and
inexpensively.
 An internet site can be created by anyone with
the ability to create a web page. Many sites can
be commercial purposes , and other can simply
be opinions of the web site developer.
 Web sites are under no required guidelines and
standards. Additionally, no official organisation
is responsible for site evaluation.
 As a result , a vast information is available on
the web , but not all information is reliable.
There are recommended six guidelines for
evaluating a resource on the web-

 1. AUTHORITY
 Authority reveals that the person, institution or
agency responsible for a site has the
qualifications and knowledge to do so.
Evaluating a web site for authority:
 Authorship: It should be clear who developed the
site.
 Contact information
 Credentials: the author should state
qualifications, credentials, or personal
background .
 Check to see if the site supported by an
organization or a commercial body

 The purpose of the information presented in the
site should be clear. Some sites are meant to
inform, persuade, state an opinion, entertain, or
parody something or someone. Evaluating a web
site for purpose:
 Does the content support the purpose of the
site?
 Is the information geared to a specific audience
(students, scholars, general reader)?
 Is the site organized and focused?
 Are the outside links appropriate for the site?
 Does the site evaluate the links?
 Check the domain of the site. The URL may
indicate its purpose.

 It is difficult to assess the extent of coverage since
depth in a site, through the use of links, can be
infinite. One author may claim comprehensive
coverage of a topic while another may cover just one
aspect of a topic. Evaluating a web site for coverage:
 Does the site claim to be selective or comprehensive?
 Are the topics explored in depth?
 Compare the value of the site’s information
compared to other similar sites.
 Do the links go to outside sites rather than its own?
 Does the site provide information with no relevant
outside links?

 Currency of the site refers to: 1) how current the
information presented is, and 2) how often the site is
updated or maintained. It is important to know when a site
was created, when it was last updated, and if all of the
links are current. Evaluating a web site for currency
involves finding the date information was:
 first written
 placed on the web
 last revised
 Then ask if:
 Links are up-to-date
 Links provided should be reliable. Dead links or references
to sites that have moved are not useful.
 Information provided so trend related that its usefulness is
limited to a certain time period?
 the site been under construction for some time?

 Objectivity of the site should be clear. Beware of
sites that contain bias or do not admit its bias
freely. Objective sites present information with a
minimum of bias. Evaluating a web site for
objectivity:
 Is the information presented with a particular
bias?
 Does the information try to sway the audience?
 Does site advertising conflict with the content?
 Is the site trying to explain, inform, persuade, or
sell something?

 There are few standards to verify the accuracy of
information on the web. It is the responsibility of the
reader to assess the information presented.
Evaluating a web site for accuracy:
 Reliability: Is the author affiliated with a known,
respectable institution?
 References: do statistics and other factual
information receive proper references as to their
origin?
 Does the reading you have already done on the
subject make the information seem accurate?
 Is the information comparable to other sites on the
same topic?
 Does the text follow basic rules of grammar, spelling
and composition?
 Is a bibliography or reference list included?

 There are thousands of medical websites.
Some provide reliable health information.
Some do not. Some of the medical news is
current. Some of it is not. Choosing which
websites to trust is an important part of
using the Internet.
 How Do I Find Reliable Health Information
Online?

 As you search online, you are likely to find
websites for many health agencies and
organizations that are not well-known. By
answering the following questions you should
be able to find more information about these
websites. A lot of these details might be
found under the heading “About Us.”
 Who sponsors/hosts the website? Is that
information easy to find?

 Websites cost money. Is the source of funding
(sponsor) clear? Sometimes the website address
is helpful. For example:
 .gov identifies a india government agency
 .edu identifies an educational institution, like a
school, college, or university
 .org usually identifies nonprofit organizations
(such as professional groups; scientific, medical,
or research societies; advocacy groups)
 .com identifies commercial websites (such as
businesses, pharmaceutical companies, and
sometimes hospitals)

 Is also known as a handheld PC,
or personal data assistant, is
a mobile device that functions as
a personal information manager.
The term evolved from Personal
Desktop Assistant, a software term
for an application that prompts or
prods the user of a computer with
suggestions or provides quick
reference to contacts and other
lists. PDAs were largely
discontinued in the early 2010s
after the widespread adoption of
highly capable smartphones, in
particular those based
on iOSand Android.

 An electronic health record (EHR),
or electronic medical record (EMR),
refers to the systematized collection
of patient and population
electronically-stored health
information in a digital format.
 These records can be shared across
different health care settings.
Records are shared through network-
connected, enterprise-wide
information systems or other
information networks and exchanges.

 EHRs may include a range of data:
 demographics,
 medical history,
 medication and allergies,
 immunization status,
 laboratory test results,
 radiology images,
 vital signs,
 personal statistics like age and weight,
 and billing information.

 Electronic health records contain significantly
fewer errors than paper records, according to
experts.
 Communication between physicians can be
greatly improved with the use of EHR, allowing
each party full access to a patient’s medical
history rather than a snapshot-type overview
from a current visit. This access allows for a
more in-depth evaluation, and enables doctors
to reach an accurate diagnosis more quickly.
 In addition, electronic health can records make
it easier for doctors to follow up with patients
and track continuing care, both under their
supervision and that of the patient’s other
doctors.

 At the very least, electronic
health records can save time
during a doctor’s office visit.
And in case of emergency,
these records can provide
critical, life-saving
information to emergency
care providers.

 When a patient is under the care of
multiple doctors:
 tracking his or her history, including
allergies, blood type, current
medications, past procedures and other
relevant information, can be problematic
when relying on paper charts.
 The use of electronic health records
allows multiple care providers, regardless
of location, to simultaneously access a
patient’s record from any computer.

 The electronic record can provide up-to-the-
minute information on the patient’s full history,
including current test results and the
recommendations of other physicians, allowing
more efficient collaboration on multiple facets
of a patient’s care.
 nurses can quickly transfer patient data to other
departments or providers, while also reducing
errors, which yield improved results
management. Both patients and employees often
respond positively to these process
improvements, as it can help keep a facility’s
schedule on track.

 less paperwork and fewer storage issues
 increased quality of care
 Financial Incentives
 Increased Efficiency and Productivity
 Better Patient Care

 The challenge of this responsibility has also
increased due to the constantly changing
legislative and regulatory
environment.Regulations have impacted privacy
and security:
 The Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
 The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of
2009 (ARRA)
 Modifications to the HIPAA Privacy, Security, and
Enforcement Rules the Health Information
Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act;
Final Rule

 Established pursuant to the broader Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), as
described by the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS), the Privacy Rule, “…strikes a
balance that permits important uses of information,
while protecting the privacy of people who seek care
and healing”.
 Individuals are provided some elements of control,
such as the right to access their own health
information in most cases and the right to request
amendment of inaccurate health information
(HHSa). However, in that attempt to strike a
balance, the Rule provides numerous exceptions to
use and disclosure of protected health information
without patient authorization, including for
treatment, payment, health organization operations
and for certain public health activities

 Telehealth is the delivery of health-related services
and information via telecommunications
technologies. Telehealth could be as simple as two
health professionals discussing a case over the
telephone or as sophisticated as doing robotic
surgery between facilities at different ends of the
globe.
 Telehealth is an expansion of telemedicine, and
unlike telemedicine (which more narrowly focuses on
the curative aspect) it encompasses preventative,
promotive andcurative aspects. Originally used to
describe administrative or educational functions
related to telemedicine, today telehealth stresses
myriad technology solutions.

Clinical uses
 Transmission of medical images for diagnosis (often
referred to as store and forward telehealth)
 Teleconference between patient and healthcare
provider for assessments and history taking
 Groups or individuals exchanging health services or
education live via videoconference (real-time
telehealth)
 Transmission of medical data for diagnosis or disease
management (sometimes referred to as remote
monitoring)
 Advice on prevention of diseases and promotion of
good health by patient monitoring and followup.
 Health advice by telephone in emergency cases
(referred to as teletriage)

 Distance education including continuing medical
education, grand rounds, and patient education
 administrative uses including meetings among
telehealth networks, supervision, and
presentations
 research on telehealth
 online information and health data management
 healthcare system integration
 asset identification, listing, and patient to asset
matching, and movement
 overall healthcare system management
 patient movement and remote admission

 Examples of real-time clinical telehealth
include:
 Tele-audiology
 Telecardiology
 Teledentistry
 Telebehavioral Health—includes telepsychiatry
 Telehomecare
 Teleneurology
 Telenursing
 Teleradiology
 Telerehabilitation

 trends in futuristic nursing
Service(practice) education
 Practice (nursing care) Research Administration
 Clinical nurse specialist {C.N.S}
 Nurse practitioner {N.P} academic
administration
Adult nurse practitioner
Family nurse practitioner Master’s education
Acute care nurse practitioner
Doctoral programs in nursing
Geriatric nurse practitioner
Bachelor of Science in management/
Pediatric nurse practitioner health care.

 Women’s health nurse practitioner Certificate in
Forensic Nursing
 Certificate in legal nurse consulting
Certified nurse midwife (C.N.M.)
MSN/ Masters of business
Certified registered nurse anesthetist (C.R.N.A.)
administration
 Other areas for practice in service. Master’s of
science in nursing/
Master’s of health administration
Mobile nursing
MSN/ Health care Education
 Space nursing Certified nurse practitioner
 Licensed practical nurse

 Systems and software designed to reduce the
amount of time nurses must spend on tasks such
as tracking down equipment.
 locating and collaborating with other staff
members and updating patient charts.
 technology serves to improve accuracy and
patient safety by reducing medical errors.
 preventing unauthorized people from entering a
facility or accessing sensitive patient records.
 to improved accuracy, efficiency and safety.
 technology also allows nurses to spend more
time on direct patient care.

Health informatics

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Health informatics

More from yashwant ramawat

Recently uploaded

Health informatics