Abstract : In Indonesia, SMEs are the backbone of the Indonesian economy. Number of SMEs until 2011 to
reach around 52 million. SMEs in Indonesia is very important for the economy because it accounts for 60% of
GDP and 97% of the workforce holds. But access is limited to financial institutions only 25% or 13 million
SMEs who have access to financial institutions. Indonesian government, SMEs, through the Department of
Cooperatives and SMEs, in each province or regency / city.
Although Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is driving the nation's economy, but in reality many of
the problems SMEs are still entangled. The main thing to note is the ability of SMEs to access a wider market.
Because of the ability to change and adapt to a changing environment will determine the existence of small
businesses in the nation's economy. In the end, the existence of small businesses that have high competitiveness
will strengthen the nation's economy as a whole. Thus, in this study will use an appropriate technology tools
that can provide assistance in introducing products through internet and increase sales in each SME
This study uses a sample of students at the State University of Malang that can make a significant
contribution in the small and medium businesses that are being initiated by students.
Keywords: Small Medium Enterprise, Internet Marketing, Sales Improvement
A detail analysis on SME issues in Pakistan and recommendations on how to resolve financial issues. Understand how financial independence can be achieved through strategic financial planning. amerq.com
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) of Bangladeshestiaqur
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs; sometimes also small and medium enterprises) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel numbers fall below certain limits. SMEs are also said to be responsible for driving innovation and competition in many economic sectors.
In Bangladesh, SMEs including micro enterprises comprise over 99 per cent of all industrial units, contributing over 85 per cent of industrial employment. 81 thousand SMEs all together constitute more than 93 per cent of the total 10+ units. Again, focusing on the 10+ units, small units contribute to 35 per cent of the employment, followed by medium and large units comprising 8.8 and 56.0 per cent respectively. In other words, SMEs employ 1.3 million people, constituting 44 percent of employment generated by 10+ units.
Pakistan has emerged as the second rapidly growing economy in Asia after China. Even though the large scale manufacturing registered 15.4% growth but small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is the core issue in the country’s progress and especially for the prosperity of masses that are surviving with low scale income due to which Pakistan ranks 135th out of 174 countries oh Human Development Index. The assessment of the role of SMEs in Pakistan is of vital importance.SME produces the income stream for masses located in the countryside and the capitalists associated with this activity that is generally medium or small as the name suggests. SMEs will be the main source of poverty reduction in Pakistan that will create the value and innovation for the country in the days to come. The thing that really needs serious attention is to remove the unnecessary bureaucratic procedures.
A detail analysis on SME issues in Pakistan and recommendations on how to resolve financial issues. Understand how financial independence can be achieved through strategic financial planning. amerq.com
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) of Bangladeshestiaqur
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs; sometimes also small and medium enterprises) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel numbers fall below certain limits. SMEs are also said to be responsible for driving innovation and competition in many economic sectors.
In Bangladesh, SMEs including micro enterprises comprise over 99 per cent of all industrial units, contributing over 85 per cent of industrial employment. 81 thousand SMEs all together constitute more than 93 per cent of the total 10+ units. Again, focusing on the 10+ units, small units contribute to 35 per cent of the employment, followed by medium and large units comprising 8.8 and 56.0 per cent respectively. In other words, SMEs employ 1.3 million people, constituting 44 percent of employment generated by 10+ units.
Pakistan has emerged as the second rapidly growing economy in Asia after China. Even though the large scale manufacturing registered 15.4% growth but small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is the core issue in the country’s progress and especially for the prosperity of masses that are surviving with low scale income due to which Pakistan ranks 135th out of 174 countries oh Human Development Index. The assessment of the role of SMEs in Pakistan is of vital importance.SME produces the income stream for masses located in the countryside and the capitalists associated with this activity that is generally medium or small as the name suggests. SMEs will be the main source of poverty reduction in Pakistan that will create the value and innovation for the country in the days to come. The thing that really needs serious attention is to remove the unnecessary bureaucratic procedures.
The whole data are collected from a report of SME Development in Bangladesh By East West University Bangaladesh.Some of data is deducted for present my slide easily. If you need any kind of information about SME Development in Bangladesh please search on internet get the actual data......thank u very much......assalamuwalikum owa rohmatullahi oba-rakatuh.......allah hafez
Digitizing Cooperative with Innovative solutionsTjikal Jedy
Strengthening the digital economy will play a pivotal role in reaching Indonesia’s full potential. With more MSMEs engaged in the digital economy through broadband, e-commerce, social media, the cloud, and mobile platforms, they can have faster growth in revenue and employment, be more innovative and more competitive in the ASEAN Economic Community.Penguatan ekonomi digital akan memainkan peran penting dalam mencapai potensi penuh Indonesia. Dengan lebih UMKM yang bergerak di bidang ekonomi digital melalui broadband, e-commerce, media sosial, awan, dan platform mobile, mereka dapat memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dalam pendapatan dan lapangan kerja, menjadi lebih inovatif dan lebih kompetitif di Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN.
Problems Of Funding Small And Medium Scale Enterprises In Nigeriaiosrjce
This paper examined the problems of funding small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The
study identified the sources of finance, types of finance available to small scale enterprises and the various
financial challenges bedevilling the smooth operation of small and medium scale enterprises and suggested the
way forward. Observation and review of relevant documents were employed in carrying out the study. It was
discovered that though adequate finance is indispensable for the successful operation of small and medium
scale enterprises, government still needs to create a more conducive environment for small scale business to
thrive by streamlining business tax policies to eliminate extortion from small scale businesses.
Barriers to Electronic Commerce Adoption in Small and Medium Enterprises in I...Shakir Ali
Globally internet has changed the way in which businesses were performed traditionally. Developed countries have benefited from implementing e-commerce. But, in case of emerging economies like India the adoption of ecommerce has been very slow due to challenges posed by a number of barriers. In India, though the large corporations have adopted e-commerce and successfully explored the business opportunities, the small and medium enterprises are yet to benefit from adopting e-commerce. This paper reflects on the barriers that the small and medium enterprises face in India in process of adoption of ecommerce. It analyses both the external and internal factors that affect the adoption of e-commerce.
Discuss the challenges faced by SMEs in Malaysia.Farah Latiff
“While the government continues to encourage small and medium scale players, there may also be a need to consider steps to consolidate among the many vendors in the automotive industry, in order to gain scale, financial strength and managerial talent to expand internationally.”
Introduction to small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs)Abir Hossain
Introduction
Definition of SMEs: Bangladesh Perspective
Definition of SMEs: International Perspective
Definition of SMEs in some selected countries: India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Vietnam
Contribution of SMEs in Bangladesh Economy
Contribution of SMEs: International Experience
Major constraints of SME around the globe.
Conclusion
Research on the development of private economy in Shandong ProvinceAM Publications,India
with the continuous optimization of the economic structure and the development of Chinese market economy, as an important part of the national economy the most vitality, the private economy has become the important strength to support and promote the economic growth of provinces and cities, the development of more and more from the economic theory circles attach great importance. Shandong Province, as a major economic province, but also the province of private economy in our country, there are still many factors that limit the further development of the private economy. Through carries on the analysis and the research to the Shandong Province private economy development present situation, find out their own development which the development of the existing problems and constraints of the external factor, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
This slide is prepared based on the position of small and median enterprise. Especially is defined the small and median enterprise separately. The different sectors of sme are also included. The process of loan application for sme load and the documents that are needed for sme loan is described.
Synthesis, Structure Investigation and Dyeing Assessment of Novel Bisazo Disp...IOSR Journals
Novel bisazo-disperse dyes were prepared by the coupling of diazotized solutions of various aromatic diamines with 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone. The resultant bisazo disperse dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The UV Visible absorption spectral data were investigated in dimethylformamide. and are discussed in terms of structural property relationship. Their dyeing assessment of bisazo disperse dyes has been made on polyester fabrics. The results show that a better hue was obtained on polyester fabrics and have mild to moderate fastness properties.
Quark Model Three Body Calculations for the Hypertriton Bound StateIOSR Journals
Hyperspherical three body calculations are performed to study and review the various properties of
the hypertriton bound state nucleus
3H in the quark model using -N potentials. In these calculations we study
the different effects of the -N potentials on the hypertriton bound states as well as the separation energy B. A
combination of realistic two body N-N potentials with various - N potentials are considered. Complete
symmetric and mixed symmetric wave functions are introduced. using the renormalized Numerov method. The
agreement between the calculated
3H binding energies and the available experimental data basically depends
on the type of the -N interactions used in the calculations. It was found that the -N potentials are the most
effective part in the hypertriton binding energy as well as the separation energy B where the -N potentials is
very effective to bound or unbound the
3H hyper nucleus
Pacs numbers: 21.30. + y, 21.10.+dr,27.20.+n
The whole data are collected from a report of SME Development in Bangladesh By East West University Bangaladesh.Some of data is deducted for present my slide easily. If you need any kind of information about SME Development in Bangladesh please search on internet get the actual data......thank u very much......assalamuwalikum owa rohmatullahi oba-rakatuh.......allah hafez
Digitizing Cooperative with Innovative solutionsTjikal Jedy
Strengthening the digital economy will play a pivotal role in reaching Indonesia’s full potential. With more MSMEs engaged in the digital economy through broadband, e-commerce, social media, the cloud, and mobile platforms, they can have faster growth in revenue and employment, be more innovative and more competitive in the ASEAN Economic Community.Penguatan ekonomi digital akan memainkan peran penting dalam mencapai potensi penuh Indonesia. Dengan lebih UMKM yang bergerak di bidang ekonomi digital melalui broadband, e-commerce, media sosial, awan, dan platform mobile, mereka dapat memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dalam pendapatan dan lapangan kerja, menjadi lebih inovatif dan lebih kompetitif di Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN.
Problems Of Funding Small And Medium Scale Enterprises In Nigeriaiosrjce
This paper examined the problems of funding small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The
study identified the sources of finance, types of finance available to small scale enterprises and the various
financial challenges bedevilling the smooth operation of small and medium scale enterprises and suggested the
way forward. Observation and review of relevant documents were employed in carrying out the study. It was
discovered that though adequate finance is indispensable for the successful operation of small and medium
scale enterprises, government still needs to create a more conducive environment for small scale business to
thrive by streamlining business tax policies to eliminate extortion from small scale businesses.
Barriers to Electronic Commerce Adoption in Small and Medium Enterprises in I...Shakir Ali
Globally internet has changed the way in which businesses were performed traditionally. Developed countries have benefited from implementing e-commerce. But, in case of emerging economies like India the adoption of ecommerce has been very slow due to challenges posed by a number of barriers. In India, though the large corporations have adopted e-commerce and successfully explored the business opportunities, the small and medium enterprises are yet to benefit from adopting e-commerce. This paper reflects on the barriers that the small and medium enterprises face in India in process of adoption of ecommerce. It analyses both the external and internal factors that affect the adoption of e-commerce.
Discuss the challenges faced by SMEs in Malaysia.Farah Latiff
“While the government continues to encourage small and medium scale players, there may also be a need to consider steps to consolidate among the many vendors in the automotive industry, in order to gain scale, financial strength and managerial talent to expand internationally.”
Introduction to small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs)Abir Hossain
Introduction
Definition of SMEs: Bangladesh Perspective
Definition of SMEs: International Perspective
Definition of SMEs in some selected countries: India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Vietnam
Contribution of SMEs in Bangladesh Economy
Contribution of SMEs: International Experience
Major constraints of SME around the globe.
Conclusion
Research on the development of private economy in Shandong ProvinceAM Publications,India
with the continuous optimization of the economic structure and the development of Chinese market economy, as an important part of the national economy the most vitality, the private economy has become the important strength to support and promote the economic growth of provinces and cities, the development of more and more from the economic theory circles attach great importance. Shandong Province, as a major economic province, but also the province of private economy in our country, there are still many factors that limit the further development of the private economy. Through carries on the analysis and the research to the Shandong Province private economy development present situation, find out their own development which the development of the existing problems and constraints of the external factor, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
This slide is prepared based on the position of small and median enterprise. Especially is defined the small and median enterprise separately. The different sectors of sme are also included. The process of loan application for sme load and the documents that are needed for sme loan is described.
Synthesis, Structure Investigation and Dyeing Assessment of Novel Bisazo Disp...IOSR Journals
Novel bisazo-disperse dyes were prepared by the coupling of diazotized solutions of various aromatic diamines with 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone. The resultant bisazo disperse dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The UV Visible absorption spectral data were investigated in dimethylformamide. and are discussed in terms of structural property relationship. Their dyeing assessment of bisazo disperse dyes has been made on polyester fabrics. The results show that a better hue was obtained on polyester fabrics and have mild to moderate fastness properties.
Quark Model Three Body Calculations for the Hypertriton Bound StateIOSR Journals
Hyperspherical three body calculations are performed to study and review the various properties of
the hypertriton bound state nucleus
3H in the quark model using -N potentials. In these calculations we study
the different effects of the -N potentials on the hypertriton bound states as well as the separation energy B. A
combination of realistic two body N-N potentials with various - N potentials are considered. Complete
symmetric and mixed symmetric wave functions are introduced. using the renormalized Numerov method. The
agreement between the calculated
3H binding energies and the available experimental data basically depends
on the type of the -N interactions used in the calculations. It was found that the -N potentials are the most
effective part in the hypertriton binding energy as well as the separation energy B where the -N potentials is
very effective to bound or unbound the
3H hyper nucleus
Pacs numbers: 21.30. + y, 21.10.+dr,27.20.+n
Prime factors of Vendor Selection for Indian Telecom Service Provider for eff...IOSR Journals
Abstract: To have a effective supply chain it is very much essential to have effective and reliable vendor. It is
far more important in case of a service sector. As service is intangible and can only be felt ;hence very much
depends on the quality of delivery and after sales activity. Ineffective and unreliable vendor can have a
cascading effect in all aspect of service chain resulting customer dissatisfaction. The present study tries to find
out the parameter or quality of a vendor that is preferred by telecommunication companies. As
telecommunication is a infrastructure service any weak link in the supply chain will have a catastrophic impact
on the end user. As vendor is one of the prime component of supply chain its careful selection is of immense
importance. There are numerous variables to select a vendor. But to have a quick and effective decisions
making these numerous variables are reduced to few factors. In this study the centroid method of factor analysis
is used to find four important factors. The study was carried out by interacting executives of around 8 telecom
companies amounting to 57 effective data. A broad outline of factors and encompassing variables under each
factor were depicted.
Keywords - Factor analysis, Supply Chain and Vendor selection,
Low Power FPGA Based Elliptical Curve CryptographyIOSR Journals
Abstract: Cryptography is the study of techniques for ensuring the secrecy and authentication of the information. The development of public-key cryptography is the greatest and perhaps the only true revolution in the entire history of cryptography. Elliptic Curve Cryptography is one of the public-key cryptosystem showing up in standardization efforts, including the IEEE P1363 Standard. The principal attraction of elliptic curve cryptography compared to RSA is that it offers equal security for a smaller key-size, thereby reducing the processing overhead. As a Public-Key Cryptosystem, ECC has many advantages such as fast speed, high security and short key. It is suitable for the hardware of implementation, so ECC has been more and more focused in recent years. The hardware implementation of ECC on FPGA uses the arithmetic unit that has small area, small storage unit and fast speed, and it is an extremely suitable system which has limited computation ability and storage space.[1][2] The modular arithmetic division operations are carried out using conditional successive subtractions, thereby reducing the area. The system is implemented on Vertex-Pro XCV1000 FPGA. Index Terms – VHDL, FSM, FPGA, Elliptic Curve Cryptography.
The influence of Rolling process on the porosity and wear behavior of Spray-f...IOSR Journals
Spray forming, also called spray casting or spray deposition, is the inert gas atomization of a liquid metal stream into variously sized droplets. These droplets are interrupted by a substrate which collects and solidifies the droplets into coherent, near fully dense perform. The present work concerns with this techniques. This technology was applied to produce Al-6%Si-20%Pb alloys. The spray droplets were deposited over a copper substrate to achieve a disc shape perform. After spray deposition samples were rolled at room temperature on two high rolling mills and total porosity and wear characteristic of spray deposits were studies. The total porosity decreases with the increase in the percentage of reduction in thickness of the samples. Thickness of the samples in both middle and peripheral region. Wear testing of spray formed and rolled Al-Si-Pb alloy were investigated on a pin on disc type wear machine. Wear rate behavior with applied load and increase in percentage of reduction in thickness of samples was observed. Wear rate increased with increasing the load and decreased with increase in percentage of reduction in thickness of the sample.
Dynamic Analysis of Double-Skin Composite Steel PlatesIOSR Journals
Double Skin Composite (DSC) plates are subjected to impact required to cause complete perforation and the accompanied failure modes are investigated. The amount of energy absorbed is calculated by capturing the residual velocity of penetrator after perforating the lower plate. The difference in initial kinetic energy and residual kinetic energy is the amount of energy absorbed by the panel. In the present paper a non-linear three-dimensional finite element models for Double Skin Composite panels subjected to dynamic loading is introduced. Pilot model is used to investigate the failure pattern in the composite panel when subjected to impact loads by rigid steel penetrator, while the other models are used to analyze the energy absorption capacity of such system when perforated. Results showed that such elements have good ability of absorbing energy when subjected to perforation, due to ductility of lower plate skin and vertical stiffness of lower shear studs.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity on Stem Bark E...IOSR Journals
Ceiba Petandra is widely used in complementary medicine. Its stem bark extracts obtained via soxhlet extraction using n-hexane, acetone and ethanol gare alkaloids, Steroids, Saponins, Cardiac glycosides, triterpenes and tannins when screened phytochemically. These extracts were further investigated for their anti-bacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus klebsiella, pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa with ampicillina, as standard. Highest anti- bacterial activity with acetone extract at a concentration of 300mg/ml and least activity with ethanol extract at a concentration of 100mg/ml. n- Hexane extract showed no inhibition on the tested micro-organisms.
Enhancing Security of Multimodal Biometric Authentication System by Implement...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Conventional personal identification techniques for instance passwords, tokens, ID card and PIN
codes are prone to theft or forgery and thus biometrics isa solution thereto. Biometrics is the way of recognizing
and scrutinizing the physical traits of a person. Automated biometrics verification caters as a conducive and
legitimate method, but there must be an assurance to its cogency. Furthermore, in most of the cases unimodal
biometric recognition is not able to meet the performance requirements of the applications. According to recent
trends, recognition based on multimodal biometrics is emerging at a greater pace. Multimodal biometrics
unifies two or more biometric traits and thus the issues that emerge in unimodal recognition can be mitigated in
multimodal biometric systems. But with the rapid ontogenesis of information technology, even the biometric
data is not secure. Digital watermarking is one such technique that is implemented to secure the biometric data
from inadvertent or premeditated attacks.This paper propounds an approach that is projected in both the
directions of improving the performance of biometric identification system by going multimodal and, increasing
the security through watermarking. The biometric traits are initially transformed using Discrete Wavelet and
Discrete Cosine Transformation and then watermarked using Singular Value Decomposition. Scheme depiction
and presented outcomes justifies the effectiveness of the scheme.
Keywords: Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Multimodal biometrics,
Singular Value Decomposition, Watermarking
Transient Three-dimensional Numerical Analysis of Forced Convection Flow and ...IOSR Journals
A three-dimensional transient numerical study of a constant property Newtonian fluid in curved pipe under laminar flow conditions is presented for a uniform wall temperature boundary condition. Numerical solutions were obtained using the control volume method described by Patankar for the range of. The working fluid was water. The transient flow pattern and the temperature distribution on the tube section were derived for different values of the Reynolds number. Graphical results for velocity and temperature are presented and analyzed. Results have shown that the maximum velocity in center of velocity profile increase with increasing of Reynolds number. In curved pipes, time averaged results exhibited Dean circulation and a strong velocity and temperature stratification in the radial direction. Flow and heat transfer were strongly asymmetric, with higher values near the outer pipe bend.
An Efficient Approach for Requirement Traceability Integrated With Software R...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Traceability links between requirements of a system and its source code are helpful in reducing
system conception effort. During software updates and maintenance, the traceability links become invalid since
the developers may modify or remove some features of the source code. Hence, to acquire trustable links from a
system source code, a supervised link tracing approach is proposed here. In proposed approach, IR techniques
are applied on source code and requirements document to generate baseline traceability links. Concurrently,
software repositories are also mined to generate validating traceability links i.e. Histrace links which are then
called as experts. Now a trust model named as DynWing is used to rank the different types of experts. DynWing
dynamically assigns weights to different types of experts in ranking process. The top ranked experts are then fed
to the trust model named as Trumo. Trumo validates the baseline links with top ranked experts and finds the
trustable links from baseline links set. While validating the links, Trumo is capable of discarding or re-ranking
the experts and finds most traceable links. The proposed approach is able to improve the precision and recall
values of the traceability links.
Index Terms: Traceability, requirements, features, source code, repositories, experts.
The Comparison of theMaterials in Styles of Iranian Architecture and its Effe...IOSR Journals
During the history,different elements have been determined as influential factors affecting the
architecture in different areas. The historical events and political alterations as well as religious and
economical changes can directly lead to the architecture style. One of the historical countries with rich
architectural history that can be increasingly exposed to more alterations is Iran. In general the architecture
styles in Iran can be categorised in six groups. These groups can be divided in two periods before and after
Islam’s emergence in Iran. The “Parsi” and “Parti” architecture styles belong to the former period and
“Razi”, “Khorasani”, “Isfahani” and “Azari” were common in the latter period, after Islam. Such alterations
brought in a variety of architecture styles, in this country, due to theoretical alterations. Furthermore, some
novel architectural styles were resulted from a number of physical conditions which had also effects on the
theoretical architecture. The current research intends to put an emphasize on the alterations in materials used
in two historical periods of Iran, “Achaemenid” Empire (550–330 BCE) and The “Sassanid” Empire (224 CE
to 651 CE) resulting in the changes in Iranian architecture. It also aims to explore the differences and the
reasons of changes in the materials used for constructions and the influence that these changes had on the
architectural style in the above mentioned periods
Discovery of Self-Sustained 235U Fission Causing Sunlight by Padmanabha Rao E...IOSR Journals
For the first time in solar physics, this paper reports a comprehensive study how 235Uranium fission
causes Sunlight by the atomic phenomenon, Padmanabha Rao Effect against the theory of fusion. The first major
breakthrough lies in identifying as many as 153 solar lines in the Bharat Radiation range from 12.87 to 31 nm
reported by various researchers since 1960s. The Sunlight phenomenon is explained as follows. For example, the
energy equivalence 72.48 eV of the most intense 17.107 nm emission in the middle of solar spectrum is the energy
lost by β, γ, or X-ray energy of a fission product while passing through core-Coulomb space. This energy loss is the
Bharat Radiation energy that cause EUV, UV, visible, and near infrared emissions on valence excitation. From vast
data of emissions and energies of various fission products, 606.31 keV β (Eβmax) energy of 131I was chosen as the
source of 17.107 nm emission. For the first time a typical Bharat Radiation spectrum was observed when plotted
energy loss against β, γ, or X-ray energies of fission products supposedly present in solar flare and atmosphere :
113Xe, 131I, 137Cs, 95Zr, 144Cs, 134I, 140Ba, 133I, 140La, 133In etc that caused solar lines. Consistent presence of a sharp
line for four months in AIA spectral EUV band at 335A exemplifies self-sustained uranium fission from a small site
appeared in SDO/AIA image at 304A. Sun’s dark spot is explained as a large crater formed on Sun’s core surface as
a result of fission reaction that does not show any emission since fission products would be thrown away from the
site during fission. Purely the same Sun’s core material left over at the site after fission reaction devoid of fission
products and any emission seems to be the familiar dark Matter. This could be the first report on the existence of
Sun’s Dark Matter.
Vibration Analysis of Cracked Rotor Using Numerical ApproachIOSR Journals
In general rotating machines have wide applications in systems, plants, vehicles, and industries. Every rotating machine uses shaft as power transforming unit. It is very dangerous to operate the machine with the presence of crack in the shaft. The growth of the crack is dangerous to operate and may lead to catastrophic failure. It is to be detected at earlier stages. In this paper relation between vibration amplitude and on the crack depth was developed, this helps in determine the depth of the crack by measuring the vibration amplitudes. To develop the relation equation strain energy density function was used. By observing the generated curves amplitude of vibration increases with respect to the depth of the crack due to reduction in stiffness of the shaft.
Asif’s Equation of Charge Variation and Special RelativityIOSR Journals
The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism. Considering deeply the effect of Special relativity in Electromagnetism, when a charge particle moves with high speed as comparable to the speed of light in vacuum tube or in space under influence of electromagnetic field, its mass varies under Lorentz transformation [1].The question arises that does its charge vary under Lorentz transformation? In this paper, Asif's equation of charge variation demonstrates the variation of electric charge under Lorentz transformation. The more sophisticated view of electromagnetism expressed by electromagnetic fields in moving inertial frame can be achieved by considering some relativistic effect including charge as well. One can easily achieve the mass-energy relation from Asif’s equation of charge variation as proved in this paper.
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Pregnant Women in Calabar, Cross ...IOSR Journals
Iron is a component of a number of proteins including haemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes and enzymes involved in redox reactions. Inadequate iron intake can lead to varying degrees of deficiency, from low iron stores to early iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia and this is dangerous to both baby and mother. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women in Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria. Seventy pregnant women within the age range of 15-45 years from University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were recruited as subjects in this study. The control consisted of fifty age-matched apparently healthy non-pregnant women . The tests that were carried out using standard method include include full blood count (packed cell volume, haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration and red cell count), serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation,serum ferritin and soluble transferrin recptor. The prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia were found to be significantly higher (p<0.05)><0.01)><0.01) increased in pregnant than non-pregnant. It was also shown that pregnant women in their third trimesters and multigravidae had the highest prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia while pregnant women in their second trimester had the highest prevalence of anaemia. In conclusion the study has shown that the prevalence of anaemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women in the studied area were still high and can be considered public health problem.
Sensitivity Analysis of Process Parameters for Polyurethane Based Panel Air F...IOSR Journals
The polyurethane processing for panel air filters (flexible foam)for high yield (free of all defects) is
very critical and sensitive on account of Polyurethane making chemistry, short reaction times, process
conditions, ambient temperature and humidity , equipment dispensing-mixing precision and moulds’ surface
quality, moulds’ temperature and uniformity impacting the defects in filters like pin holes, short filling, over
filling or growth, skin damage, loose skin, voids, hardness variations, shrink marks, knit lines etc. Research is
conducted to study and establish a correlation between various parameters so that process settings can be
altered to ensure minimum variation to output in spite of variation in inputs and noise to the system.
QSAR studies of some anilinoquinolines for their antitumor activity as EGFR i...IOSR Journals
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship studies has been performed on some anilinoquinolines . A variety of parameters including 2D- autocorelation, RDF, 3D- MoRSE, WHIM and GETAWAY parameters have been chosen for modeling the antitumor activity of these compounds. The multiple regression analysis reveals that the seven –parametric model is the best for modeling the activity of the compounds under present study. This model has been tested by using cross validated parameters. The results are also discussed on the basis of ridge regression.
Abstract: The increasing amount of applications using digital multimedia technologies has accentuated the need to provide copyright protection to multimedia data. This paper reviews one of the data hiding techniques - digital image watermarking. Through this paper we will explore some basic concepts of digital image watermarking techniques.Two different methods of digital image watermarking namely spatial domain watermarking and transform domain watermarking are briefly discussed in this paper. Furthermore, two different algorithms for a digital image watermarking have also been discussed. Also the comparision between the different algorithms,tests performed for the robustness and the applications of the digital image watermarking have also been discussed.
Bangladesh is successful in garments sector primarily without policy support but government came with some policy support such as Bonded warehouse and Back to Back Letter of credit for import of raw materials from other countries. The growth of export of garment is allowing down as Bangladesh only produce low cost garment and "experts" suggesting entrepreneurs to go for high value garment without policy support. Bangladesh needs technology and development of own brands for overseas market.
This study aims to determine whether the simultaneous use of finance, business training, and e-commerce has a favorable
and significant impact on microbusiness revenue. Multiple linear regression is being used in this quantitative research
approach. The people who participate in microbusinesses and have received business training make up the population of
this study. Purposive sampling, a non-probability sample technique, and a total of 100 respondents make up the approach
employed in this study. The questions for this study were made available and directly completed by respondents using
Google Forms. The Likert scale was employed by the author as a measurement in this study. The usage of e-commerce has
a good and considerable impact on microbusiness income, according to the research findings. Microbusiness income is
significantly and favorably impacted by capital. Microbusiness income is significantly and favorably affected by enterprise
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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Fundamentals of Electric Drives and its applications.pptx
Improving Sales in SME Using Internet Marketing
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 15, Issue 4 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 05-09
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 5 | Page
Improving Sales in SME Using Internet Marketing
M. Zainal Arifin, Ahmad Fahmi, Didik D.P, Heru WH, M. Ashar P
1
(Electrical Engineering Department, State University of Malang, Indonesia)
Abstract : In Indonesia, SMEs are the backbone of the Indonesian economy. Number of SMEs until 2011 to
reach around 52 million. SMEs in Indonesia is very important for the economy because it accounts for 60% of
GDP and 97% of the workforce holds. But access is limited to financial institutions only 25% or 13 million
SMEs who have access to financial institutions. Indonesian government, SMEs, through the Department of
Cooperatives and SMEs, in each province or regency / city.
Although Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is driving the nation's economy, but in reality many of
the problems SMEs are still entangled. The main thing to note is the ability of SMEs to access a wider market.
Because of the ability to change and adapt to a changing environment will determine the existence of small
businesses in the nation's economy. In the end, the existence of small businesses that have high competitiveness
will strengthen the nation's economy as a whole. Thus, in this study will use an appropriate technology tools
that can provide assistance in introducing products through internet and increase sales in each SME
This study uses a sample of students at the State University of Malang that can make a significant
contribution in the small and medium businesses that are being initiated by students.
Keywords: Small Medium Enterprise, Internet Marketing, Sales Improvement
I. INTRODUCTION
Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs abbreviated is a term that refers to a type of small business that
has a net worth of more than Rp 200 million, excluding land and buildings.And stand-alone business. According
to the Presidential Decree no. 99 1998 Small Business sense is: "The economic activities of the people are
small-scale business sectors that constitute the majority of small business and need to be protected to prevent
unfair competition."
Small business criteria according to Law no. 9 of 1995 is as follows:
1. Has a net worth of at most Rp. 200.000.000, - (Two Hundred Million) excluding land and buildings
2. Has annual sales of Rp. 1.000.000.000, - (One Billion Rupiah)
3. Owned by Indonesian citizen
4. Standing alone, is not a subsidiary or branch company which is not owned, controlled by, or affiliated
directly or indirectly with Medium or Large Business Enterprises
5. Shaped the efforts of individuals, business entities are not incorporated, or incorporated entity,
including cooperatives.
How do I start a business that his notabe in rural areas but there is no capital for existing businesses just
the spirit to move forward to create jobs in the village to reducing the unemployment rate in the village / town
and does not have to wander into town.
There are the problems faced by small and medium enterprises. The role of small businesses in
Indonesia is recognized as very important in the national economy, especially in aspects such as increased
employment, income distribution, rural economic development and an increase in non-oil exports. Had been a
lot of work done by the government to assist the development of small businesses through a variety of program
development or small business development program including the partnership between medium and large
businesses to small businesses.
However, small business development to date is running very slow. For example, in manuaktur
industry sectors, the level of productivity or output contribution of small and cottage industries to the formation
of total value added in the sector or the gross domestic product is still relatively low compared with medium and
large industries.
One cause of the lack of success of the development or small business development in Indonesia in
improving the condition or performance of the group of small businesses, from position to position weak and
strong traditional and modern is the pressure of the government's policy orientation program or more located in
the "social" than " economics and business ". So far, efforts to develop small-scale economic activities are
generally labor-intensive and carried out by the poor less educated shown to increase or reduce the number of
their opinions unemployment and inequality.
2. Improving Sales in SME Using Internet Marketing
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The fundamental problem in the field of management for small entrepreneurs in various sectors are:
Capital
1. Bank lending rates are still high, and loans can be expensive
2. Information sources of financing of non-bank financial institutions, such as state income allowance
funds and venture models, is still lacking. This information includes information sumbe types of
financing as well as the requirements and filing procedures.
3. Systems and procedures for bank credit from financial institutions and non-banking complex and long,
in addition to credit disbursement waiting time is uncertain.
4. Less banking standards inform the credit proposal, so that small businesses can not afford to make a
proposal in accordance with banking criteria.
5. Banks do not understand the criteria for assessing the eligibility of small businesses in small business,
so the number of loans approved often do not fit the needs of small businesses.
Marketing
1. Bargaining power in dealing with small entrepreneurs great entrepreneurs always weak, especially
relating to the pricing and pwmbayaran system, as well as the layout and small business products in
department stores and supermarkets.
2. Employers or professional associations have a role in coordinating the unhealthy competition among
similar businesses.
3. Information to market products at home and abroad are still lacking, for example about the desired
product, who is the buyer, the place of purchase or potential markets, product markets as well as
procedures for tendering work primarily on business services.
Raw Materials
1. Inadequate supply of raw materials and fluctuations, among others, the export and import policy
changes, large buyers who control the raw material, the reluctance of the employers to make a contract
with small businesses
2. Raw material prices are still too high and fluctuate due to monopolistic market structure or market
controlled by employers.
3. Quality raw material is low, partly because of the lack of standardization and manipulation of raw
material quality.
4. System cash purchase of raw materials complicate small entrepreneurs, while payments are generally
not cash sales.
Technology
1. Skilled labor is hard earned and maintained, partly because of lack of education and training
institutions to produce skilled manpower according to the needs of small businesses.
2. And access to information technology resources are lacking and uneven, while still kkurang vigorous
dissemination efforts.
3. Equipment specifications to suit the needs (appropriate technology) difficult to obtain.
4. No independent agency and not play, especially institutions that examines the technology offered by
the market to pngusaha small, so that this technology can not be utilized optimally.
5. The role of government agencies, non-government and universities to identify, locate, distribute and
perform the technical development of new technology or appropriate technology for small businesses is
less intensive.
Management
1. Management patterns that suit your needs and stage of business development ditmukan difficult, partly
because the knowledge and managerial skills small business is relatively low. As a result, small
businesses have not been able to put together the right business strategy.
2. Separation between corporate financial management and family or household has not been done, so
that small businesses have difficulty in controlling or manage cash flow, as well as in the planning and
financial reporting.
Bureaucracy
1. Licensing is not transparent, expensive, complicated, discriminatory, long and uncertain, as well as the
vertical overlap (between the center of the area) and horizontal (inter-county agencies).
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2. Enforcement and implementation of laws and various regulations are still lacking, and tend to be less
assertive.
3. Small entrepreneurs and small business associations are less involved in the formulation of policies on
small business.
4. Levy or surcharge in the administration of capital gains allowance funds SOE profits and other capital
sources are quite high.
5. Export quota allocation mechanism does not support busaha small to be able to export its products.
6. Many charges are often not accompanied by adequate services.
Infrastructure
1. Electricity, water and telephone cost is expensive and often faced harassment officer in addition to poor
service.
2. Lack of adequate infrastructure such as roads, electricity, telephone, water, and waste handling
facilities and disruption.
Partnership
1. Partnership between small and medium-sized and large enterprises in the marketing and payment
systems, both products and raw materials, have not felt useful.
2. Partnerships between small businesses to medium and large enterprises in technology transfer is still
lacking.
In this research will be conducted increasing sales by using internet technology and web marketing
advertisement on SMEs.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Marketing
Marketing is the process of developing an integrated communication which aims to provide
information about the goods or services in relation to satisfying the needs and desires of humans.
Marketing begins with the fulfillment of human needs which later grew into the human desire. For
example, a human being needs water to meet the needs of thirst. If there is a glass of water the thirst needs will
be met. But humans do not just want to meet their needs but also wants to fulfill his wish is for example a glass
of clean water brand Aqua and easy to carry. The man then chose Aqua bottles as required in accordance with
the thirst and desire are also easy to carry.
Process in the fulfillment of human needs and desires that is the concept marketing.Konsep it was four
components in marketing comprises the 4P :
1. Product (product)
2. Price (price)
3. Place (place, including distribution)
4. Promotion (promotion
Because marketing is not an exact science such as finance, marketing mix theory also continues to
grow. In the process, well known 7P where 3P term is hereinafter People (People), Physical Evidence (Physical
Evidence), Process (Process). Author Seth Godin, for instance, also offers a new theory, namely P Purple Cow.
Marketing is seen as more art than science, then a marketing expert depends on the skills of more
consideration in making policy-oriented rather than certain knowledge.
Economists view to marketing is to create a time, a place where the product is necessary or desirable
and delivered the product to satisfy the needs and desires of consumers (the marketing concept). Someone who
works in marketing so-called marketers. The marketer should have knowledge in the concepts and principles of
marketing so that marketing activities can be achieved in accordance with the needs and desires of humans,
especially the intended consumer.
According to Kotler and Keller: Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for
creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways
that benefit the organization and its stakeholders (An organizational function and a set of processes for creating,
communicating and deliver value to consumers and build / manage relationships with companies and consumers
to benefit stakeholder)
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While Marketing Management: Marketing management is the art and science of choosing the target
markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior
customer value (the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping and developing consumer
and communicate the value of -value for the customer). So, the most important in marketing (marketing) is how
we should be able to deliver value / value of a product that we sell to the consumer so that the consumer will be
able to feel the the benefits of the products we sell.
Sales figures are not important? Important whether or not a sales figure in the marketing depends on
the orientation / marketing concepts used by the company itself.
Kotler and Keller divided into four types:
a. Product Concept
The belief that consumers will choose products with the best values of In terms of price quality and
other aspects related to the product.
b. Production Concept
Company that would be interested in buying consumer goods can be obtained easily and at low prices.
c. Selling Concept
The concept of selling. With this concept will become more and more sell to be very good value.
d. Marketing concept
This concept emphasizes the right product to the consumer appropriate.
Three concepts above is a concept used in the era of the 40s to the 80s era with an emphasis on sales
figures that can be achieved by a company. The success of the marketing process is determined by sales figures
can be achieved by the company. While the Concept Marketing is a marketing approach that gives priority to
products / services that are appropriate for the customer. Because the concept is the fulfillment of customer
satisfaction when using the product or service is more important than the quantity of products or services that
can be achieved by the company. With the fulfillment of the desired consumer satisfaction, is expected to be
able to make consumers become loyal to a product or service that we provide, especially satisfied customers will
do the word of mouth promotion by itself.
However sales figures remain a crucial thing because sales figures to be a benchmark in terms of
quantity whether we succeed or not the product in the market, but still being a most important thing is that
consumers feel comfortable with the value of the products we sell
e-Marketing
In the world of non-traditional marketing, we often find some of the terms are confusing and often
overlapping. Therefore, in this article I tried to explain what it is e-Marketing and the difference with the
Internet-Marketing. e-Marketing or electronic-Marketing is any part of the e-Business that utilizes electronic
medium to perform marketing activities in order to achieve marketing objectives. There are various forms of e-
marketing, internet-marketing, interactive and mobile-marketing-Marketing. e-Business e-Business can be
defined as the utilization of electronic media in everyday business activities. There are several levels in the use
of electronic medium, for example, there are companies that sebenuhnya rely on electronic medium, while other
companies only use for certain tasks.
The difference between e-Business, e-Commerce and e-Marketing
e-Business is a very broad unity involves a complex system that utilizes electronic medium to perform
or assist certain business activities. the most appropriate e-Commerce is defined in the context of the
transaction. For example, the electronic transaction of money, information or entertainment in the category of e-
Commerce. Technically, e-commerce is part of e-Business. Such as already described above, e-Marketing is part
of the e-Business that involves electronic medium to achieve marketing goals. e-Marketing is at the strategic
level as a complement to traditional marketing and business strategy. In addition there is one more term that is
interactive-marketing, and in general can be interpreted as part of the e-Marketing which involves a level of
interaction.
Advantages of e-Marketing
There are several advantages of e-marketing in comparison with traditional marketing:
a. Reduction in costs through automation and use of electronic media
b. Cebat responsiveness for end users and for Marketers
c. The ability to measure and the data pemgumpulan
d. Personalize
e. Allow for interaction
f. The downside of e-Marketing
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In addition to the above advantages, e-Marketing also has some disadvantages:
a. Reliance on technology
b. Security and privacy issues
c. The cost of maintenance because the technology continues to evolve
d. Uneven access to technology, especially in Indonesia
e. Increased price transparency resulting price competition
f. Global competition
In addition, based on existing survey beberpa obstacle for companies to implement e-Marketing, including: the
lack of ability to measure the impact of e-marketing programs, limited internal capacity to run and difficult to
convince senior managers.
III. METHODOLOGY
This research consist of several step that will be listed and describe in the flowchart diagram below :
The preparation make sure that all of research requirement already covered. Analyst is to make the first
conclusion according to the several product and conducted by the research and the owner of SME’s. After that
starting to using internet as a marketing tool based on social media or personal website.
IV. RESULT
Results of this study found that there was a significant increase in sales of some products, especially products
applications and media that has been widely downloaded. As part of the marketing tricks, we have created
several products to be free to download but the service is limited to the product brand name companies can
improve SMEs by 76%.
V. CONCLUSION
Multicultural marketing experts. All facets of business today is trying to find a way to connect with
consumers. But there are some companies that failed to attract minority customers. Many companies fail in a
relationship with minorities, because they do not want to take the time to get to know more closely with
consumers. It is good practice to start developing website that can help SME’s owner promote their product. the
result is more good than conventional method, it can increase sales by 76%.
REFERENCES
[1] Bailey, Matt, Internet Marketing: An Hour a Day (Sybex, 2011)
[2] Chaffe, Dave, Internet Marketing: Strategy, Implementation and Practice (4th Edition), (Prentice Hall, 2009)
[3] Hodell, Chunk, SMEs From the Ground Up (ASTD-Press, 2013).