Large businesses can drive economic progress through economies of scale and innovation. However, they may also delay innovation and economic growth by relying on market monopolies. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for over 95% of businesses worldwide and around half of employment and GDP in many countries. While individual SMEs have higher failure rates, SMEs are an important source of innovation, job creation, and economic growth overall. In Indonesia, SMEs make up over 99% of businesses and 97% of employment, playing a major role in developing the national economy, including the regional economies of West Java and Jakarta. However, micro businesses, which comprise most SMEs, may contribute less to tax