Clutch is mechanism which transfers the rotary motion of one shaft to the other shaft when desired. In automobiles friction clutches are widely used in power transmission applications. To transmit maximum torque in friction clutches selection of the friction material is one of the important task. In this paper, the multi plate clutch is designed by using uniform wear theory. The 3D model of multi plate clutch has been prepared using modeling software Pro/E. The structural analysis is carried out for friction plate by using analysis software Ansys Workbench 14.0. The results for stress, strain, total deformation and for strain energy are obtained. These results are compared for two different friction materials viz. cork and SF001
Bolted Joints Analysis Methods and EvaluationIJMER
Calculation of accurate bolt forces is the primary requirement in many industries. All the
theoretical calculations for bolt forces, includes many significant assumption based on idealized
mechanical models. In this paper two models of flange joints were taken and analyzed
forpretensionvariation due to internal temperature changes, And for theForces induced in the bolt due to
the combined effect of external forces applied and internal temperature change. The results were utilized
to gain insight into joint softening that arises from gradual, nonlinear opening of flange gap under
external tension. Later these results were compared with the theoretical calculations, and our models
allow relaxations for many assumptions in theoretical calculations
Relations between Structural Damage and Level of External Prestressing Force ...drboon
Prestressed concrete beams can be damaged by overloading beyond cracking stage leading to the reduction of flexural rigidity and excessive deflection. The progressive of damage, crack and permanent deflection can be occurred at the high level of load after cracking. Structural performance of damaged girder can be recovered and improved by external post tension. The level of external prestressing force required in strengthening depends directly on the level of damage due to overloading. This research studied the effect of levels of damage on flexural rigidity, crack and deflection of the test girder. Three levels of damage can be expressed in terms of 0.65, 0.75 and 0.85 times the predicted ultimate load of the test beam. Three levels of external prestressing forces (2, 2.5 and 3 times of the internal prestressing force applied in undamaged reference beam) are applied in strengthening at each level of damage. The results show that reduced flexural rigidity, increased permanent deformation and crack width due to overloading can be recovered by external post tension. Strengthening by means of external post tension can be effectively applied to the damaged beam at the level of damage not more than 0.65 times of predicted ultimate load.
Design against fluctuating loads, stress concentration, Goodman and Modified Goodman Diagrams, Factors affecting stress concentration, Use of charts for finding stress concentration facotrs
Bolted Joints Analysis Methods and EvaluationIJMER
Calculation of accurate bolt forces is the primary requirement in many industries. All the
theoretical calculations for bolt forces, includes many significant assumption based on idealized
mechanical models. In this paper two models of flange joints were taken and analyzed
forpretensionvariation due to internal temperature changes, And for theForces induced in the bolt due to
the combined effect of external forces applied and internal temperature change. The results were utilized
to gain insight into joint softening that arises from gradual, nonlinear opening of flange gap under
external tension. Later these results were compared with the theoretical calculations, and our models
allow relaxations for many assumptions in theoretical calculations
Relations between Structural Damage and Level of External Prestressing Force ...drboon
Prestressed concrete beams can be damaged by overloading beyond cracking stage leading to the reduction of flexural rigidity and excessive deflection. The progressive of damage, crack and permanent deflection can be occurred at the high level of load after cracking. Structural performance of damaged girder can be recovered and improved by external post tension. The level of external prestressing force required in strengthening depends directly on the level of damage due to overloading. This research studied the effect of levels of damage on flexural rigidity, crack and deflection of the test girder. Three levels of damage can be expressed in terms of 0.65, 0.75 and 0.85 times the predicted ultimate load of the test beam. Three levels of external prestressing forces (2, 2.5 and 3 times of the internal prestressing force applied in undamaged reference beam) are applied in strengthening at each level of damage. The results show that reduced flexural rigidity, increased permanent deformation and crack width due to overloading can be recovered by external post tension. Strengthening by means of external post tension can be effectively applied to the damaged beam at the level of damage not more than 0.65 times of predicted ultimate load.
Design against fluctuating loads, stress concentration, Goodman and Modified Goodman Diagrams, Factors affecting stress concentration, Use of charts for finding stress concentration facotrs
Lec3 : Material Characteristics
Manufacturing Engineering
Manufacturing Quality
Classification of Manufacturing Processes (DIN 8530)
Strain Hardening
Ductility
Effects of Cold Work
Definition of Annealing
Design & Fabrication of Low Cost Small-Scale Fatigue Testing MachineAvinash Barve
Many engineering machines and mechanical components are subjected to fluctuating stresses, taking place at relatively high frequencies and under these conditions, failure is found to occur. This is “fatigue failure”.
Fatigue is a failure of material or machine due to the action of repeated or fluctuating stress on a machine member for some number of times/cycles. This failure begins with a small crack. The initial crack is so minute that it cannot be detected by the naked eye and is even quite difficult to locate . And this led to the invention of a fatigue the testing machine.
In view of effective design that will not fail accidentally, this research is conceived. This testing machine will determine the strength of materials under the action of fatigue load. Specimens are subjected to repeated varying forces or fluctuating loading of specific magnitude while the cycles or stress reversals are counted to destruction. The first test will include the fatigue test of the material . The second test which we are going to combine testing of bending or torsion. Thus the results of these processes will be plotted through software integration.
Abstract:In a typical keyed shaft connection where shock or reversing loads are to be transmitted, the clearance between key and keyway required for fitting is a serious disadvantage. The impact loads, generate a continuous pounding between key and keyway. This pounding frequently leads to shaft failures. The present project work presents a Keyless coupling. The device provides an ultimate solution by incorporating all the advantages of interference fits, while eliminating mounting and removal problems. Analysis is carried using ANSYS. The obtained results are compared with standard values. The standard values are taken for RINGFEDER catalog. The keyless data is taken from RINGFEDER. Here it has made an attempt in analyzing keyless coupling. From the results it can be concluded that keyless coupling is most suitable.
Keywords:coefficient of thermal expansion, interference fit, virtual shrink, Contact surface, wedge principle.
It is a motorized, mechanical unit. The speed is adjusted so that the load increase on the specimen is between 4 to 6 kg/sec. A flexure test attachment for keeping the object in position is also supplied. This consists of two rollers 10mm. diameter and spaced 100mm apart, and a third roller of the same diameter equidistant from the first two and for transmitting the applied load to the opposite face of the prism.
2013 Presentation torque - tension and coefficient of friction of boltsErik Galdames
Some fundamentals of coefficient of friction of threaded fasteners. Focused on bolts in the automotive industry. ISO 16047 description and requirements in the automotive industry
Lec3 : Material Characteristics
Manufacturing Engineering
Manufacturing Quality
Classification of Manufacturing Processes (DIN 8530)
Strain Hardening
Ductility
Effects of Cold Work
Definition of Annealing
Design & Fabrication of Low Cost Small-Scale Fatigue Testing MachineAvinash Barve
Many engineering machines and mechanical components are subjected to fluctuating stresses, taking place at relatively high frequencies and under these conditions, failure is found to occur. This is “fatigue failure”.
Fatigue is a failure of material or machine due to the action of repeated or fluctuating stress on a machine member for some number of times/cycles. This failure begins with a small crack. The initial crack is so minute that it cannot be detected by the naked eye and is even quite difficult to locate . And this led to the invention of a fatigue the testing machine.
In view of effective design that will not fail accidentally, this research is conceived. This testing machine will determine the strength of materials under the action of fatigue load. Specimens are subjected to repeated varying forces or fluctuating loading of specific magnitude while the cycles or stress reversals are counted to destruction. The first test will include the fatigue test of the material . The second test which we are going to combine testing of bending or torsion. Thus the results of these processes will be plotted through software integration.
Abstract:In a typical keyed shaft connection where shock or reversing loads are to be transmitted, the clearance between key and keyway required for fitting is a serious disadvantage. The impact loads, generate a continuous pounding between key and keyway. This pounding frequently leads to shaft failures. The present project work presents a Keyless coupling. The device provides an ultimate solution by incorporating all the advantages of interference fits, while eliminating mounting and removal problems. Analysis is carried using ANSYS. The obtained results are compared with standard values. The standard values are taken for RINGFEDER catalog. The keyless data is taken from RINGFEDER. Here it has made an attempt in analyzing keyless coupling. From the results it can be concluded that keyless coupling is most suitable.
Keywords:coefficient of thermal expansion, interference fit, virtual shrink, Contact surface, wedge principle.
It is a motorized, mechanical unit. The speed is adjusted so that the load increase on the specimen is between 4 to 6 kg/sec. A flexure test attachment for keeping the object in position is also supplied. This consists of two rollers 10mm. diameter and spaced 100mm apart, and a third roller of the same diameter equidistant from the first two and for transmitting the applied load to the opposite face of the prism.
2013 Presentation torque - tension and coefficient of friction of boltsErik Galdames
Some fundamentals of coefficient of friction of threaded fasteners. Focused on bolts in the automotive industry. ISO 16047 description and requirements in the automotive industry
A study of selected biomechanical variables as a factor of hitting performanc...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The modern age of sports is the excellence, so in every sports perfection and purification of skill has
got its immense importance. Biomechanics is an applied form of mechanics and consequently the method used
to investigate it must be derived from those of mechanics. Biomechanics aim to explain the mechanics of life.
Sports biomechanics have also generated other efforts at improving athletic performance in different games and
sports; it is helpful to minimize sports injuries through both identifying dangerous practice and designing safer
equipment and apparel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of selected biomechanical
variables with the hitting performance in softball.
Keywords: Biomechanical Variable, Centre of gravity, Evaluation of technique, Performance, Softball Hitting
Prevention of Selective Jamming Attacks by Using Packet Hiding MethodsIOSR Journals
Abstract: The open nature of the wireless medium leaves it too weak to intentional interference attacks,
typically defined as jamming. This intentional interference with wireless transmissions can be used as a launch
pad for mounting Denial-of-Service attacks on wireless networks. Typically, jamming has been introduced
under an external threat model. However, intruders with internal knowledge of protocol specifications and
network secrets can launch low-effort jamming attacks that are difficult to detect and counter. In this work, we
address the problem of selective jamming attacks in wireless networks. In these attacks, the hacker is active only
for a short period of time, selectively targeting messages of high importance. We demonstrate the advantages of
selective jamming in terms of network performance degradation and hacker effort by presenting two case
studies; a selective attack on TCP and one on routing. We show that selective jamming attacks can be
forwarded by performing real-time packet classification at the physical layer. To reduce these attacks, we
develop three schemes that prevent real-time packet classification by combining cryptographic primitives with
physical-layer attributes. We analyze the security of the proposed methods and evaluate their computational and
communication overhead.
Development of Model for Quality Costing in a Medium Scale Industry-A Case StudyIOSR Journals
Abstract: Quality c o s t s pl ay s vi tal rol e in improving productivity. These costs are typically
categorized into costs of prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure. Like other activities of
business, quality costs can be programmed, budgeted, measured and analyzed to attain the objective of
better quality at lower cost. Quality costs is the basis by which investments in quality programs may be
evaluated in terms of cost improvement , profit enhancement and other benefits for plants and companies
from these programs. The cost of quality is an increasingly important issue in the debates over quality.
There was a mistaken notion that achievement of better quality requires higher costs. It was the myth that
prevented many Indian companies to invest more on quality cost related programs. In this article the
authors made an attempt to identify the different types of quality costs in a medium scale industry because
the small and medium scale industries pay very little attention towards finding and developing a system for
knowing & optimizing the cost of achieving quality. A model is proposed to identify the different quality
costs in a medium scale industry and is further implemented. It has been found some quality costs are more critical and require greater attention.
Key words: Quality costs, Quality management, Pareto analysis, Model for optimization
Performance Evaluation of Basic Segmented Algorithms for Brain Tumor DetectionIOSR Journals
Abstract: In the field of computers segmentation of image plays a very important role. By this method the re-quired portion of object is traced from the image. In medical image segmentation, clustering is very famous method . By clustering, an image is divided into a number of various groups or can also be called as clusters. There are various methods of clustering and thresholding which have been proposed in this paper such as otsu , region growing , K Means , fuzzy c means and Hierarchical self organizing mapping algorithm. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is a method of clustering which allows one piece of data to belong to two or more clusters. This method (developed by Dunn in 1973 and improved by Bezdek in 1981) is frequently used in pattern recognition. As process of fuzzy c mean is too slow, this drawback is then removed. In this paper by experimental analysis and performance parameters the segmentation of hierarchical self organizing mapping method is done in a better way as compared to other algorithms. The various parameters used for the evaluation of the performance are as follows: segmentation accuracy (Sa) , area (A), rand index (Ri),and global consistency error (Gce) . Keywords - area (A), Fuzzy C means, global consistency error (Gce) , HSOM, K means , Otsu , rand index (Ri), Region Growing , segmentation accuracy (Sa) , and variation of information (Vi).
Relationship of Kabaddi Performance with Selected Coordinative Ability of the...IOSR Journals
Abstract:
Background: Coordinative abilities are qualities of an organism to coordinative separate elements of action in
our system to decide a concrete action task coordinative abilities help in learning faster and also to achieve
high level of performance. Kabaddi is a combatic with great strength and coordinative ability oriented sports.
Therefore it is necessary to investigate that certain coordinative abilities are acting as basic factors of the
kabaddi performance or not. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between
Kabaddi performance and selected coordinative ability of the district player. Methodology: For the present
study fourteen male Kabaddi players who had participated in district kabaddi competition held at Medinipur
were randomly selected for this study. Age group of the subjects was 18-27 years. To find out the relationship of
Kabaddi performance to selected coordinative abilities namely orientation ability, differentiation ability,
reaction ability, balance ability and rhythmic ability. Product moment correlation was computed and verified at
0.05 level of significance.
Result: Findings reveals that coordinative abilities such as reaction ability and rhythmic ability were found
significantly related to the kabaddi performance as their calculated Correlation Coefficient(r) were 0.66 and
0.54 respectively. Orientation ability, differentiation ability and balance ability were not found significantly
related to the kabaddi performance as their calculated Correlation Coefficient(r) were 0.05, 0.01 and 0.34
respectively.
Keywords: Kabaddi performance, Coordinative ability and Orientation.
This is a short description and some problems for the design of clutches.This also include the various classification in clutch and its description,use and also advantages of using these kinds of clutches.
It also includes a short view through different types of numerical problems which are solved for practising.
Structural and Thermal Analysis of a Single Plate Dry Friction Clutch Using F...dbpublications
B,
India
Abstract:
A clutch is a critical component of a
vehicle to transfer torque and speed from a driving
shaft to a driven shaft with the use of friction. The
efficiency of the clutch depends enormously on
friction that result in heat generation during
engagement and disengagement. Rapid heat
dissipation is primordial to prevent the friction
plate from reaching the fade temperature where
friction coefficient decreases. The present study is
an attempt to model and analyze structural
deformation, stress concentration, elastic strain,
thermal gradient and heat flux distribution of a
copper alloy friction lining and structural steel
friction lining of a clutch plate with the help of
finite elements methods software. It is observed
that copper alloy frictional lining of clutch plate
dissipates frictional heat at a faster rate than
structural steel frictional lining of clutch plate. The
design is done in Solidworks 2016 and the FEM
analysis is carried out using ANSYS 16.0 Transient
Structural and Steady State Thermal workb
Design Optimization and Analysis of a Steam Turbine Rotor GroovesIOSR Journals
A large variety of turbo-machinery rotor groove geometries are used in industry. However, there is
no specific attempt made to compare them on the basis of performance. This paper provides an attempt to fill
that gap aiming to find an optimum geometry. The main objective of the investigations is to reduce fillet stress
concentration factor and associated deformations. The present work carries out the design modification of fillet
of a Steam Turbine Rotor. Finite Element Analysis is performed using ANSYS Workbench that is used to
determine the fillet stresses effectively to modify the blade rotor grooves. The low pressure steam turbine rotor
blades have usually a history of stress failure. They suffer from tensile and bending stresses partly due to the
centrifugal force as a result of high rotational speeds and partly due to high pressure, temperature and speed
steam loading. The centrifugal force is one of the problems that face the designers of turbine blades especially
the long ones. The designer always aims at reducing these stresses. One way to do so is by the reduction of
stress concentration factor which takes place between the rotor and its groove. That is to make the rotor blade
of variable cross section instead of straight. This paper presents the method of reducing stress concentration
factor as well as reduction in the deformation of the rotor
Modelling and analysis of single circular grooves made on dry friction clutcheseSAT Journals
Abstract
We all know that clutch is a machine member and is generally used for to engage and disengage the transmission and change the gear it connect the two shafts that is driving shaft to the driven shaft that’s why if there is starting or stop the driven shaft there will be with or without the stopping of the driving shaft. So in this paper we are going to modelling and analyzed the single circular grooves which are made on the friction disc. And also will take the result of the torque transmission capacity which will be produce at the single circular grooves disc. Here we are going to analyze over ansys and will take the model in catiav5.
Modelling and analysis of single circular grooves made on dry friction clutcheseSAT Journals
Abstract
We all know that clutch is a machine member and is generally used for to engage and disengage the transmission and change the gear it connect the two shafts that is driving shaft to the driven shaft that’s why if there is starting or stop the driven shaft there will be with or without the stopping of the driving shaft. So in this paper we are going to modelling and analyzed the single circular grooves which are made on the friction disc. And also will take the result of the torque transmission capacity which will be produce at the single circular grooves disc. Here we are going to analyze over ansys and will take the model in catiav5.
Keywords: Clutch, Single Circular Grooves, Torque, Lining Material Etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Profile modification of adhesively bonded cylindrical joint for maximum torqu...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
DETERMINATION OF HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF BRAKE ROTOR DISC USING CFD SIMU...IAEME Publication
During engagement of clutches when vehicle is started or during engagement of clutch when vehicle is in motion, the friction clutch generates chatter or also called as Judder vibrations. The vibrational behaviour of friction clutches not only affects the dynamics of transmission system but also the vehicle as result of excitation transfer to body via suspensions and mountings. If excitation level is high then it may cause discomfort to passengers. In addition to those effects vibrations generated may cause wear of friction material and thereby reducing performance and life of clutches.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Structural analysis of multiplate clutch
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 10, Issue 1 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 07-11
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 7 | Page
Structural analysis of multiplate clutch
Sagar Olekar1
, Kiran Chaudhary2
, Anil Jadhav3
, P. Baskar4
1, 2, 3
(PG Scholar, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India)
4
(Professor, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India)
Abstract:Clutch is mechanism which transfers the rotary motion of one shaft to the other shaft when desired. In
automobiles friction clutches are widely used in power transmission applications. To transmit maximum torque
in friction clutches selection of the friction material is one of the important task.
In this paper, the multi plate clutch is designed by using uniform wear theory. The 3D model of multi
plate clutch has been prepared using modeling software Pro/E. The structural analysis is carried out for friction
plate by using analysis software Ansys Workbench 14.0. The results for stress, strain, total deformation and for
strain energy are obtained. These results are compared for two different friction materials viz. cork and SF001.
Keywords: Ansys, clutch, cork, friction plate, SF001
I. Introduction
Clutches are designed to transfer maximum torque with minimum heat generation. During engagement
and disengagement the two clutch discs has the sliding motion between them. Due to rubbing of the two discs
the large amount heat is generated during engagement and disengagement.
The default state of the clutch is engaged that is the connection between engine and gearbox is always
"on" unless the driver presses the pedal and disengages it. If the engine is running with clutch engaged and the
transmission in neutral, the engine spins the input shaft of the transmission, but no power is transmitted to the
wheels.
There are two types of clutch positive contact clutch and friction clutch. Positive clutch transmits large
amount of torque without slip but they have certain disadvantages such asthey cannot be engaged at high speeds,
max 60 rpm for jaw clutches, and 300 rpm for toothed clutches. Shock develops during engagement at any
speed.Require some relative motion in order to engage when both driving and driven shafts are at rest. These
drawbacks are overcome in friction clutch hence friction clutch is most widely used in automotive applications.
II. Multiplate Friction Clutch
Fig.1 multi plate friction clutch
A simplified multi plate clutch is shown in fig.1.1. It consists of more than one set of pressure plate and
friction plate. The one set of plate’s slides in grooves on the flywheel and other one slides on splines on the
pressure plate hub. Alternate plates belongs to each set.When the pressure is applied to the foot pedal, the
pressure is transmitted through the release finger, fork and release bearing. Then the springs are compressed and
its moves back the pressure disc thus releasing the clutch plate. Now the clutch is said to be disengaged. At this
stage the pressure plate and flywheel are free to rotate with clutch plate stationary. Similarly when the clutch
pedal is released, springpressure is fully applied on the clutch plate. The plate is held between flywheel and
pressure plate and rotates as a single unit.
Torque capacity of the friction clutch depends upon following factors: Coefficient of friction, the diameter
of the friction plate, axial thrust applied by the pressure plate. The diameter of the friction plate is restricted by
the size of the clutch. The axial force is limited by the amount force the person can apply on the foot pedal to
disengage the clutch. So to transmit maximum torque friction material have adequate coefficient of friction.
2. Structural analysis of multiplate clutch
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2.1 Requirements of friction lining:
1. Relatively high coefficient of friction under operating conditions.
2. Relatively high energy absorption capacity for short periods.
3. Should maintain friction properties over the entire working life.
4. Should withstand high compressive load of pressure plate.
5. Should have adequate shear strength to transmit torque.
6. Good compatibility with base metal over operating temperature range.
7. Should have good heat dissipation capacity.
In this paper the two friction materials are compared viz. conventional cork and SF001. SF001 is a high
performance, high friction, nonmetallic composite material containing a high percentage of aramid fiber. It can
be considered an alternative to sintered metallic materials and offers many advantages, it will withstand high
energy inputs and is suitable for both dry and oil-immersed applications. It is not abrasive to the counter
material, silent in operation, it will withstand high pressures. The wear rate is low even at high temperatures.
III. Methodology
Power = 9.5KW @ 9000 rpm andTorque = 11 Nm @ 7000 rpm
Friction materials used are cork and SF001.
Properties of Friction materials
Property Cork SF001
Density (Kg/m3) 180 1350
Young's Modulus (N/mm2) 32 7000
Poisson’s Ratio 0.25 0.5
Yield Strength (N/mm2) 1.4 68
Table 1 properties of friction materials
Material used is cork on steel μ = 0.25
R1 and R2 outer and inner radius of friction faces
R1 =53 mm and r2 = 41 mm
n = no of pairs of contact surfaces
n = n1 + n2 – 1
Wheren1 andn2 are no of disc on driving and driven shaft n1 = 4 and
n2 = 4; n = 7
by considering uniform wear theory which states that, wear depends upon intensity of pressure P and velocity of
rubbing which further depend on R, thus for uniform rate of wear PR = constant.
For uniform wear R = (R1+R2)/2
Where R = mean radius of friction material
R = (0.053+0.041)/2 = 0.047m
Torque (T) = µ W R n
Where, µ = coefficient of friction and W = Axial load in N
11 = 0.25 x W x 0.047 x 7
W = 133.73 N
Now, from uniform wear theory,
W = 2π x ( Pmaxx R2) x (R1 – R2)
Where, Pmax= maximum pressure between the contacting surfaces
133.73 = 2π x (Pmax x 0.041) x (0.053 – 0.041)
Pmax= 43259.73 N/m2
Similarly, for another material i.e. SF001 (µ=0.5) by following the above procedure the values of W and Pmaxare
calculated.
W = 66.86 N
Pmax= 21628.25 N/mm2
Following 3D model drawn in Pro/E is used for the analysis.
3. Structural analysis of multiplate clutch
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Fig.2 3D model assembly of exploded multi plate clutch
Fig.3 3D model of friction plate
The maximum pressure obtained by calculations is applied on the friction plate and results are obtained in Ansys
and stress and deformation values are compared for two different materials.
IV. Results
4.1 Results obtained by considering cork as a friction material:
Fig.4 max. shear stress
4. Structural analysis of multiplate clutch
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Fig.5 total deformation
Fig.6 max. shear elastic strain
4.2 Results obtained by considering SF001 as a friction material:
Fig.7 max. shear stress
5. Structural analysis of multiplate clutch
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Fig.8 total deformation
Fig. 1.9 max. shear elastic strain
Maximum shear stress obtained for cork is 0.038017MPa while for SF001 is 0.020099MPa. Total
deformation in cork is obtained as 0.001446 mm and that in SF001 is 3.82e-6 mm which is very less as
compared to cork. Maximum shear elastic strain obtained in cork is 0.0018394 and for SF001 it is 4.39e-6.
The results obtained in Ansys are tabulated below.
Property Cork SF001
Max. shear stress
(N/mm2)
0.038017 0.020099
Total deformation (mm) 0.001446 3.82E-06
Max. shear elastic strain
(mm/mm)
0.0018394 4.39E-06
Equivalent stress
(N/mm2)
0.075834 0.038517
Strain Energy (mJ) 7.25E-05 1.79E-07
Table 2 Results
V. Conclusion
From the above table2, it is observed that the total deformation, strain energy, shear elastic strain for clutch
plate with SF001 as a friction material is less than that of Cork. For same input torque stress developed in clutch
plate with friction material SF001is less compared to cork. Hence it is concluded that the clutch plate with
friction material SF001 gives better performance than cork.
References
[1] S .Jaya Kishore, M. Lava Kumar, “Structural Analysis of Multi-Plate Clutch”, International Journal of Computer Trends and
Technology (IJCTT) – volume 4 Issue 7–July 2013.