This document is an assignment submission by Lim Peidi for a Building Technology course. It includes a site introduction, precedent studies of roof, facade, and structural systems, facade design schemes using perforated mesh and translucent corrugated screens, sectional perspectives showing construction details, and a conclusion with references. The project is a community learning centre in Klang, Malaysia. The document provides construction solutions for the roof, facade, and structure to achieve the design intentions of connecting the local community through visual permeability while maintaining privacy and anchoring old and new design elements.

1. Name : Lim Peidi
Student ID : 0324272
Tutor : Mr. Rizal
School of Architecture Building & Design
Building Technology 1 (BLD 61403)
Assignment 2 – Construction Solutions

2. Content
1.0 Site Introduction
2.0 Precedent Studies
- Roof System (Gable Roof)
- Façade System (Perforated Mesh Screen)
- Façade System (Translucent Corrugated Screen)
- Structural System (Steel Framing Structure)
3.0 Façade Design Scheme
- Perforated Mesh Screen
- Translucent Corrugated Screen
4.0 Sectional Perspectives
5.0 Conclusion
6.0 References
1 – 2
3 – 11
12 – 16
17 – 23
24 -25
24 - 25

3. 1.0 Site Introduction
- Site Location
- Design Intention
- Design Consideration through Construction
1

4. Project Name : Community Learning Centre
Location : Jalan Stesen 1, Klang
Function : Learning Centre
Introduction to Site
Design Intention
This area is an area which is being resuscitated in a sense to
bring local community back together. There are a lot of
boundaries in between the local community. The shopfront
community and the back-alley community, the youngsters
and the elderlies, the old face of Klang and the new faces
to bring into Klang. Rethinking about the area and of
course the needs of local community to communicate and
interact, this learning centre forms and anchor and
connection so that the people can gather here and
strengthen the community.
Design Consideration Through Construction
In order to anchor down the connection in between community, there is a need of certain degree
of visual permeability towards the learning centre. Hence, perforated mesh screen and
translucent corrugated screen façade system are proposed.
For the roof construction system, gable roof is proposed as it’s the roof profile from site. The
learning centre adapt the roof profile to have a continuity and similar language with the site
context.
In order to anchor the relationship of young and old, not just through remaining the old elements
but also to add in new elements. Hence, steel structure which is a post-modern construction
design is introduced.
Site Plan NTS
2

5. 2.0 Precedent Studies
- Roof System (Gable Roof)
- Façade System (Perforated Mesh Screen)
- Façade System (Translucent Corrugated Screen)
- Structural System (Steel Framing Structure)
3

6. Introduction
Project Name : A Gable Roof in Kawagoe
Location : Kawagoe, Japan
Architects : Tailored design lab
Project Year : 2014
Area : 250 sqm
Structure : Timber gable roof
Roof System
Construction System Type
Timber Structural Roof Framing
Materials
Timber, Metal deck roofing
Advantages
1. Cost effective in building
2. Weather resistance
3. Provides slopes for water to drains off
4. Opportunity for additional floor space in
roof volume
Disadvantages
1. Ventilation Issues
2. Aesthetic considerations
Design Consideration
1. Direction of gable roof
2. Apertures & Sloppiness of roof plane
3. Choice of materials to be done wisely.
4. Well insulated roof with reflective
finishes should be considered
Roof System Application
Design Relevance to Studio V Project
Allows
Daylighting
45 – degree roof Is selected to
create large interior space and an
efficient structure. A fully glassed
gable allows dynamic views to the
rural landscape and emphasizes
the perspective from north to
south
Gable roof system allows a designated perspective for users in the
building. Besides, in order to continue the skyline at site, there’s a
limited building height. Therefore, gable roof helps to create more
interior spaces with a lower height
Larger
Interior
Spaces
Avoid Direct
Sunlight Slope for
water to
drain off
4

7. Construction Details
1. Ridge
2. Ladder frame
3. Common rafters
4. Purlin built into gable wall
5. Wallplate
6. Plywood gusset
7. Tilting fillet
8. Barge board fixed to last rafter
9. Gable wall
Construction Process
1. The orientation of roof were determined so that the gable glass were
facing the direction with more views and to avoid direct sunlight into the
building.
2. The measurement and size of roof is determined
3. Timber roof framing components were fabricated off site and the
assemblage of timber roof framing were constructed on site.
4. Roof is built in 45- degree and a 105mm x 105mm simple framework is
made of 2 x 12 rafters spaced 455mm apart.
5. Structural plywood is used for earthquake resistance.
6. Roofing layers were applied to help in insulation and water to flow off the
roof. Gutters were installed for roof drainage.
7. First piece of roof covering panel were placed along the edge of the roof.
The remaining panel were laid overlapping one and another. Screws were
placed into overlapping panels.
Roof System
Sample of construction process of gable roof on site
5

8. Introduction
Project Name : Taiwanese Townhouse
Location : Taipei, Taiwan
Architects : KC Design Studio
Project Year : 2016
Area : 80 sqm
Structure : Perforated Mesh Screen
Facade System – Perforated Mesh Screen
Construction System Type
Double Skin Façade with Perforated Mesh
Screen
Materials
Aluminium Composite Material, Corten Steel
Advantages of Perforated Screen
1. Aesthetic
With virtually endless options in holes shapes,
size & geometric pattern, perforated screen
adds visual interest to the building’s exterior.
It allows occupants to enjoy exterior view
while maintaining a certain degree. Allowing a
comfortable level of natural lighting during the
day, perforated screen reduces the amount of
artificial lighting needed, while at the same
time deflects heat.
2. Versatility
Aluminum perforated screen used is versatile.
It used as lightweight decorative element for
the building. It allows a multitude of options
to explore. For example, screen as sunscreens
that filter lights, railing infills that add
structure while reducing mass, enhance
aesthetics of buildings etc.
Disadvantages
1. Connections have to be carefully sealed
and waterproofing need to be done to
avoid water penetration into building
during rain
Design Consideration
1. Privacy of spaces
2. Suitability to site context
3. Durability
Perforated aluminum screen able to withstand
harsh weather environments, with the ability
to control the pressure. The perforation also
decreases the weight needed to be supported
by the building’s framework.
4. Energy Efficient
Perforated aluminum screen allows the
balancing of light & ventilation. By deflecting
heat, less energy output is required, providing
a more consistent interior temperature. As a
screening element, perforated metal
decreases the amount of indoor lighting
required.
5. Eco – Friendly
Minimize resource depletion due to its
recyclability, reduces energy in use, promotes
sustainability . Perforations decrease amount
of metal used, which translates to reduced
weight and lower fuel transportation costs to
building site
6

9. Construction Details of Façade
1. Perforated Mesh
2. Steel Façade Structure
3. Beam
4. Steel Galvanized Gutter
Facade System Application
Site context relationship to the building to allow design of facade
Allows light penetration into building ,
able to see partially of the interior
Allows direct sunlight to the building.
Voids in façade system.
To keep the privacy of the spaces
Proximity
arrangement of
townhouses
1
2
3
4
3mm Corten Steel
Perforated Mesh
60mm Bracket
Steel Plate to
screwed steel
façade structure to
concrete beam
Design Relevance to Studio V Project
The façade system provides a permeable building envelope.
It allows light penetration of sunlight and ventilation to the
building to enhance the experiences in Learning Centre’s
spaces such as workshops & library. The perforated
aluminum also gives a sense of curiosity to the passersby.
The façade system also controls the privacy of the building
yet allows visual engagement between the occupants and
the streets, suiting the concept of the learning center –
anchoring the relationship between interior & exterior.
Facade System – Perforated Mesh Screen
7

10. Introduction
Project Name : Nest We Go
Location : Hokkaido, Japan
Architects : Kengo Kuma & Associates
Project Year : 2014
Area : 85 sqm
Structure : Translucent Corrugated Screen
Facade System – Translucent Corrugated Screen
Construction System Type
Double Skin Façade with translucent
corrugated screen
Materials
Translucent Corrugated Panel, Steel Framing
Strcuture
Advantages of Corrugated Screen
1. Aesthetic
Translucent perforated screen allows certain
degree of exterior view towards the interior
while maintaining the privacy. The translucent
screen allows comfortable level of natural
lighting into the building during the day. This
natural lighting allows the building to have a
lesser amount of artificial lighting. At night, lights
from the interior shines out to the exterior and
gives a pleasant view for the passer-by.
2. Durability
Virtually unbreakable and can withstand massive
force. Besides, corrugated screen are light
weight materials which help to reduce the
weight to be supported by building’s framework
Disadvantages
1. Corrugated screen are not very resistant t
scratching & marring. As a result, denting is
possible on the surface if care is not taken
2. Manufacturing process is not environmental
friendly as it requires a very high processing
temperatures.
3. Highly sensitive to organic solvents. Hence,
maintenance work need to be careful
Design Consideration
1. Privacy of spaces
2. Suitability to site context
3. Cost Effective
Light weight compared to glass, acrylic or other
plastics. This results in easy transportation,
installation and lower lab costs which is a big
consideration for building cost
4. Energy Efficient
Translucent corrugated screen allows ultraviolet
blockage while allowing sufficient light into the
building. It saves the energy cost in the morning by
providing natural sunlight into the building.
5. Weather Resistance
Corrugated screen has high resistance to sunlight
and rain. This enables the panels to last in the
outdoors for many years without showing signs of
fading, yellowing or discoloration.
8

11. Facade System – Translucent Corrugated Screen
Facade System Application
Translucent corrugated façade screen is used in consideration
the climate on site
Winter & Summer
Sun
1
Design Relevance to Studio V Project
The façade system provides a visual curiosity for the local
community. A whole new building element that is different
from the existing site façade, this façade screen enable the
learning center to stand out and catch attention of people.
Plus, the light penetration in the building suites the courtyard
typology which allows natural lighting into the building.
Wind
Rain
2
3
4
5
6
Construction Details of Façade
1. Slope roof : Translucent Corrugated Panel
2. Exterior envelope : Translucent Corrugated Panel
3. Sliding Window : translucent Corrugated Panel
4. Handrail : Rope
5. Wood Panel
6. Concrete Wall
Head Connection Detail Sill Connection Detail Jamb Connection Detail
Corrugated Panel Connection Detail
Thermally
Broken Framing
Deep rabbets for
thermal
expansion
Low friction
gasketing
Translucent
Corrugated Panel
Weep Holes
Fastener
Sill Flashing
Perimeter Seal
Removable
Stop
Gasket Panel Joint
Interface
Translucent Corrugated
PanelReinforcing Panel
9

12. Introduction
Project Name : Noxx Apartment
Location : Istanbul, Turkey
Architects : CM Architecture
Project Year : 2013
Area : 128 sqm
Structure : Steel Structure
Structural System – Steel Structure
Construction System Type
Steel structure with H column and I beam,
connected with Plywood flooring
Materials
H column , I beam , Plywood Flooring
Advantages
1. High compressive resistance & possesses high
tensile strength
2. Able to withstand extensive dead and live load
3. Fast fabrication & construction process
4. Termite proof
Disadvantages
1. High maintenance cost
2. Little fire resistance
3. Corrosion might occur
Design Consideration
1. Weather and fire proof of steel structure due to
the hot and humid climate of Klang which
might cause corrosion of structure
2. Bracing elements can be used to help in load
transfer in steel structure
Plywood Flooring
Steel Construction – I
Beam & H Column
Internal wall –
Gypsum Wall Cladding
Front façade – Glass,
Aluminum
External wall – Brick
wall
Plywood flooring
Steel Structure
Stairs – Wood on Steel
External wall – Brick
wall
Plywood flooring
10

13. Design Relevance to Studio V Project
Steel structure system allows large span between columns
and creates a larger open spaces within the learning centre
which subsequently allowing the flexibility of the learning
centre spaces. Besides, steel framing structure is proposed
as it is able to accommodate more horizontal forces and
provide a more flexible design for the learning centre.
Structural System – Steel Structure 1
Construction Details of Façade
1. Brick Wall
2. Plywood (24mm)
3. Gypsum Cladding
4. Aquapanel Cladding
5. Plaster
6. Stone Claddig + Mortar with Reinforced Concrete Slab
Primary Beam
Primary Beam
Secondary Beam
Secondary Beam
Shear Tab
Grout Pack
RC Pad Footing
Reinforcement
bar
Steel Column
Base Plate
Holding down
bolts
2
3
45
6
Foundation To Column Detail
Primary Beam to Secondary Beam Detail
Column to Beam Detail
Angle Clip
Metal End Plate
H Column
I Beam
11

14. 3.0 Façade Design Scheme
- Perforated Mesh Screen
- Translucent Corrugated Screen
12

15. Perforated Mesh Screen
Front Elevation
Scale 1 : 100
Façade Design Scheme 1
13

16. Perforated Mesh Screen
Rear Elevation
Scale 1 : 100
Façade Design Scheme 1
14

17. Translucent Corrugated Screen
Front Elevation
Scale 1 : 100
Façade Design Scheme 2
15

18. Translucent Corrugated Screen
Rear Elevation
Scale 1 : 100
Façade Design Scheme 2
16

19. 4.0 Sectional Perspectives
- Foundation to Column Detail
- Column to Beam Detail
- Primary Beam to Secondary Beam Detail
- Façade Detail
- Composite Floor Slab Detail
- Gable Roof Detail
- Flat Roof Detail
17

20. Sectional Perspectives
Sectional Perspective
NTS
Foundation to Column Detail
Column to Beam & Primary
Beam to Secondary Beam
Detail
Façade Detail
Composite Floor Slab Detail
Gable Roof Detail
Flat Roof Detail
18

21. Sectional Perspectives Lower Floor
Sectional Perspective
NTS
Foundation to Column Detail
Column to Beam & Primary Beam to
Secondary Beam Detail
19

22. Construction Details
Foundation to Column Detail
305mm x 305mm Steel H
column
Perspective
Section
Stiffeners to stiffen the
column against deformation
Base Plate to connect concrete
column stump with steel
column
Concrete Column Stump
305mm x 305mm Steel H
column
Column
Stump
Nut
Base Plate
Grout
Bolt
Column to Beam Detail
Primary Beam to Secondary Beam Detail
Detail A
Perspective Section
305mm x 102mm
Primary Beam
305mm x 305mm
H ColumnFin Plates
Connection as it
is economical to
fabricate and
simple to erect
Fin Plate Gap
Column
Beam
100mm x 10mm
Fin Plate with 1
Vertical Bolt Line
20

23. Sectional Perspectives Upper Floor
Sectional Perspective
NTS
Façade Detail
Gable Roof Detail
21
Flat Roof Detail
Composite Floor Detail
Façade to Column Detail

24. Construction Details
Façade Detail
Detail A
Detail B
Detail C
Frame Detail Perspective
Sill Flashing
Sill flashing sloped from
interior. Shimmed
accordingly
Thermal Break
Provides better
insulation value for the
air-conditioned space
Construction Details
1. Translucent Corrugated Panel
2. Façade Structure Frame
Glazing Clips
Placed along translucent
corrugated panel joints.
Size varies depends on
load requirement
Translucent Corrugated
Panel
500mm thick panel with
tongue & groove joinery
to provide clean
appearance without
vertical framing
Gable Roof Detail
Detail A
Detail C
Detail B
1
2
Ridge Beam
C-shape member inside track
section. Fasten through to &
bottom flanges with screws
Perspective
Detail 1
Detail 1
Clip Angle
Rafter
Purlin
PurlinSteel
Rafter
Ridge Beam
Tie
To withstand the roof from
load on roof and to provide
more spaces below
22
H
Column
Façade
Frame
Clips
Column to Façade Frame Connection

25. Construction Details
Flat Roof Detail Composite Floor Slab Detail
305mm x 102mm I Beam
Metal Decking Profile
Shear Studs
Rebar Mesh160mm Concrete Slab
Perspectives
Section
160mm Concrete
Slab with Rebar
Mesh
Metal Decking
Primary Beam
I Beam
Beam Brackets
Secondary
BeamMetal Deck
Web Joist Truss
Bridging Truss
To increase the
stability of roof
Joist Seat welded
to the roof beam
Metal Deck is screwed to
the Web Joist Truss Concrete
Finishing
Open Web Joist
Roof Beam
Column
Joist Seat bolted
to the column
using fin plate
23

26. 5.0 Conclusion & 6.0 References
24

27. Conclusion
All in all, both structural and architectural space quality
should be taken into consideration at the same time as
both are quite crucial in affecting the functional and
aesthetic of the building. Losing either one of these
elements will not make the architecture perfect.
Choices of structural system, façade and roof connection is
selected wisely to complement the design of the learning
centre and provide a unique and interesting experience for
the users
References
1. /author/jon-henderlong. (2001, March 01). Framing Roofs With Steel.
Retrieved from https://www.jlconline.com/how-to/framing/framing-roofs-
with-steel_o?o=0
2. A Gabled Roof in Kawagoe / Tailored design Lab. (2015, October 21). Retrieved
from https://www.archdaily.com/775667/a-gabled-roof-in-kawagoe-tailored-
design-lab
3. Ann-house. (2014, November 19). ROOF SLOPES. Retrieved from
https://www.slideserve.com/ann-house/roof-slopes
4. Crook, L. (2017, August 07). KC Design Studio adds perforated facade and atrium
to skinny Taiwanese townhouse. Retrieved from
https://www.dezeen.com/2017/03/15/kc-design-studio-perforated-facade-atrium-
skinny-taiwanese-house/
5. Lindapter. (n.d.). Facade & Cladding[Brochure]. Author. Retrieved November 15,
2018.
6. NoXX Apartment / CM Architecture. (2015, February 03). Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/593084/noxx-apartment-cm-architecture
7. Simple connections. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.steelconstruction.info/Simple_connections
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