Before we begin, here’s a list of the 12 verb tenses in English:
Present Simple
Present Continuous/Progressive
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive
Past Simple
Past Continuous/Progressive
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous/Progressive
Future Simple
Future Perfect
Future Continuous/Progressive
Future Perfect Continuous/Progressive
Verbo - Seminário de Português (1° Bimestre)Luan Victor
O documento apresenta um resumo sobre o tema "Verbo" em português, definindo-o como a palavra que indica pessoa, número, tempo e modo de ações. Explica a estrutura do verbo com o radical e terminação e as três conjugações verbais. Detalha também as flexões de pessoa, número, tempo, modo, voz e aspecto dos verbos.
Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They provide additional information about the manner, time, place, degree, or frequency of the action. Some common types of adverbs include adverbs of degree, frequency, manner, place, and time. Adverbs are typically formed by adding "-ly" to adjectives, though some adverbs are exceptions and do not end in "-ly".
The Present Perfect Simple is used to show an action that is finished and focuses on the result. It is used to talk about experiences or changes over an unspecified period of time. The Present Perfect Continuous emphasizes the continuation of an action and focuses on the duration of the activity. It is used to talk about activities that are ongoing or have just finished recently. The two tenses differ in that the Present Perfect Simple focuses on the result of an action while the Present Perfect Continuous focuses on the duration of an ongoing or just completed action.
Chapter 1 phrase, clause and sentence structureMutee Ur Rehman
This document defines and provides examples of different phrases, clauses, and sentence structures. It discusses noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, and other phrase types. It also covers independent and dependent clauses, as well as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentence structures. Key elements like subjects, predicates, and modifiers are explained.
Noun clauses are groups of words that take the place of nouns or pronouns in sentences. The document discusses how noun clauses replace nouns and provide additional information, such as opinions and advice. It provides examples of noun clauses like "I heard that they had a baby" and "It's important to do your homework." Noun clauses can begin with conjunctions like "that" or infinitives following the structure "It's + adjective" to express opinions, beliefs, and statements about difficulty or possibility.
Adjective clauses powerpoint (ms standard 4c4)jeremybrent
This document discusses adjective clauses. It defines an adjective clause as a dependent clause that is used to modify a noun or pronoun. Adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun like who, whose, whom, which, or that, or a subordinate conjunction like when, where, or since. Examples are provided to illustrate how adjective clauses modify specific nouns or pronouns in sentences. The document also discusses combining sentences using adjective clauses and properly placing adjective clauses near the words they modify.
The document discusses the use of the present perfect tense with for, since, ever, never, already, yet, and still. It explains that the present perfect is used with for to indicate duration and with since to indicate a starting point. It provides examples of how each adverb is used with the present perfect, including that 'ever' and 'never' precede the past participle, 'already' can come before or after the main verb, 'yet' is used in negative contexts, and 'still' expresses continuation longer than expected.
Verbo - Seminário de Português (1° Bimestre)Luan Victor
O documento apresenta um resumo sobre o tema "Verbo" em português, definindo-o como a palavra que indica pessoa, número, tempo e modo de ações. Explica a estrutura do verbo com o radical e terminação e as três conjugações verbais. Detalha também as flexões de pessoa, número, tempo, modo, voz e aspecto dos verbos.
Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They provide additional information about the manner, time, place, degree, or frequency of the action. Some common types of adverbs include adverbs of degree, frequency, manner, place, and time. Adverbs are typically formed by adding "-ly" to adjectives, though some adverbs are exceptions and do not end in "-ly".
The Present Perfect Simple is used to show an action that is finished and focuses on the result. It is used to talk about experiences or changes over an unspecified period of time. The Present Perfect Continuous emphasizes the continuation of an action and focuses on the duration of the activity. It is used to talk about activities that are ongoing or have just finished recently. The two tenses differ in that the Present Perfect Simple focuses on the result of an action while the Present Perfect Continuous focuses on the duration of an ongoing or just completed action.
Chapter 1 phrase, clause and sentence structureMutee Ur Rehman
This document defines and provides examples of different phrases, clauses, and sentence structures. It discusses noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, and other phrase types. It also covers independent and dependent clauses, as well as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentence structures. Key elements like subjects, predicates, and modifiers are explained.
Noun clauses are groups of words that take the place of nouns or pronouns in sentences. The document discusses how noun clauses replace nouns and provide additional information, such as opinions and advice. It provides examples of noun clauses like "I heard that they had a baby" and "It's important to do your homework." Noun clauses can begin with conjunctions like "that" or infinitives following the structure "It's + adjective" to express opinions, beliefs, and statements about difficulty or possibility.
Adjective clauses powerpoint (ms standard 4c4)jeremybrent
This document discusses adjective clauses. It defines an adjective clause as a dependent clause that is used to modify a noun or pronoun. Adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun like who, whose, whom, which, or that, or a subordinate conjunction like when, where, or since. Examples are provided to illustrate how adjective clauses modify specific nouns or pronouns in sentences. The document also discusses combining sentences using adjective clauses and properly placing adjective clauses near the words they modify.
The document discusses the use of the present perfect tense with for, since, ever, never, already, yet, and still. It explains that the present perfect is used with for to indicate duration and with since to indicate a starting point. It provides examples of how each adverb is used with the present perfect, including that 'ever' and 'never' precede the past participle, 'already' can come before or after the main verb, 'yet' is used in negative contexts, and 'still' expresses continuation longer than expected.
El documento presenta los tiempos presentes de los verbos tener y venir en español. Explica que las formas de tener y venir son irregulares, excepto en las formas de nosotros y vosotros. Proporciona tablas con las formas de los verbos en singular y plural, y ejemplos de expresiones comunes que usan tener. Finalmente, da ejercicios para practicar las formas de los verbos.
This document explains the difference between the simple past and present perfect tenses and provides examples of when to use each. The simple past is used for actions completed in the past, while the present perfect connects past actions to the present. Specific time words like "yesterday" require simple past, while unspecific times like "recently" or "ever" require present perfect. Practice exercises are included to reinforce using the correct tense based on meaning.
This document discusses ways to concisely add information to remarks using "so" and variations. It provides examples of using "so" with different verbs like "to be", "do/does", "did", "was/were", and "will" in both the positive and negative form. It also discusses using "either", "neither" and "nor" with auxiliary verbs to add information while avoiding repetition.
Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) sees language as a meaning making resource that is shaped by its social context. SFG analyzes language based on three metafunctions - ideational (experiential and logical), interpersonal, and textual. It analyzes clauses based on their mood structure and theme. Mood structure looks at the proposition or proposal of a clause based on the relationship between subject and finite. Theme analyzes how messages are structured from known to unknown information based on theme-rheme patterns. SFG also analyzes the representation of experiences through the system of transitivity involving processes, participants, and circumstances.
Este documento presenta las formas irregulares del pretérito de los verbos ser y ir en español. Explica que estas formas deben memorizarse y provee una tabla con las formas completas de cada verbo en singular y plural. Además, incluye ejemplos de uso y un ejercicio para practicar las formas del pretérito de estos verbos.
There are three key components to forming a complete sentence: the subject, verb, and complete thought. For the sentence to make sense, the subject and verb must agree in number - a singular subject requires a singular verb and vice versa. The document then lists 18 specific rules regarding subject-verb agreement in English, such as collective nouns taking a singular or plural verb depending on whether the group or individuals are referred to, indefinite pronouns always being singular, and proximity determining agreement in sentences with multiple subjects.
1. So and such are used to intensify the meaning of adjectives and adverbs. So is used before adjectives and adverbs, while such is used before countable nouns or uncountable nouns/plurals.
2. So and such can also be used in constructions with "that" to express a consequence. For example, "the coffee is so hot that I can't drink it" or "it was such a beautiful day that we decided to go to the beach."
3. When combining sentences using so/such and that, so is used before adjectives/adverbs in the first clause and such is used before countable/uncountable nou
There are three sets of demonstrative adjectives in Spanish that are used to point out nouns based on their relationship to the speaker and listener. Este/esta/estos/estas point to nouns that are close, ese/esa/esos/esas point to nouns that are not close in space or time but may be close to the listener, and aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas point to nouns that are far away from both the speaker and listener. Demonstrative pronouns follow the same patterns as adjectives except with an accent mark. There are also three neuter pronouns esto, eso, and aquello that do not change
This document contains notes from an English grammar class discussing various tenses in English including the present simple, present progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past simple, past progressive, past perfect, and past perfect progressive tenses. Examples of how to form sentences in each tense and the typical uses of each tense are provided.
This document provides information on English tenses. It discusses the three main tenses - present, past and future - and their various forms. For each tense, it explains how they are used and provides examples. The rules for forming sentences in the affirmative, negative and interrogative are also outlined for each tense. In total, 10 different tenses are defined and explained in this comprehensive overview of English verb tenses.
This document discusses tenses in English grammar. It defines what a tense is and lists the three main tenses: present, past, and future. Each tense is further divided into four aspects: indefinite, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. Examples are provided to illustrate how to form sentences using each tense and aspect. The key points covered include how the present, past, and future tenses are used to indicate the time of actions or events.
The document discusses verb tenses in English. It explains that there are three main tenses - present, past and future - which are each divided into four aspects: simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. In total there are 12 verb tenses. The document provides detailed explanations and examples of how to form and use each of the 12 verb tenses in English. It covers topics such as the uses of simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and how to distinguish between the different past and future verb tenses.
This document provides examples and explanations of different English tenses including:
1. Simple Present Tense - Used to express habitual or general truths and includes examples of affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.
2. Present Continuous Tense - Used to express an action happening now and includes examples and explanations.
3. Present Perfect Tense - Used to show the completion of an action and includes examples, explanations and questions.
It then continues explaining and providing examples for other tenses such as Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
The document defines and provides examples of different verb tenses in English, including present, past, and future tenses. It discusses 12 tenses total: present indefinite, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past indefinite, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future indefinite, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. For each tense, it provides the basic syntax structure and examples, as well as how to form negative and interrogative sentences.
The document summarizes a lesson plan for teaching the present simple, near future, and enough structures in English. It includes:
1. Objectives for students to practice the present simple, near future, and enough by the end of the lesson.
2. Procedures for the teacher that include warming up, presenting new material, examples, exercises, and homework.
3. Details on grammar points, examples, forms, and usage of the present simple, near future, and enough.
The document discusses the 16 tenses in English, providing their formulas and examples. It explains the tenses as follows:
1) There are 16 tenses in English, which are commonly referred to as "16 tenses".
2) The tenses describe the time of actions - whether they are habits, ongoing activities, past events, future plans, etc.
3) The tenses discussed include present, present continuous, past, past continuous, simple future, and others; with explanations of their uses and examples for each.
This document outlines different verb tenses and their uses in English sentences. It discusses the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses. For each tense, it provides examples of their typical uses including expressing universal truths, habitual actions, planned future events, ongoing tasks, recently completed actions, and tasks that began in the past and continue in the present. The document serves as a guide for properly applying English verb tenses in sentences.
This document discusses English tenses and their uses. It explains that tenses indicate the time of an action and are divided into present, past, and future. The present tense describes current or habitual actions. The past tense refers to completed actions in the past. The future tense indicates actions that will occur. Each tense has simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms that provide different temporal meanings about an action. Examples are provided to illustrate the structures and uses of each tense.
- The document provides information on the simple present, present continuous, past simple, and present perfect tenses in Vietnamese.
- It discusses the forms, uses, and notable features of each tense such as describing habitual actions, schedules, unfinished past actions, and experiences from the past that continue to the present.
- Examples are given for each use to illustrate when and how to apply the tenses in Vietnamese language. Key points about verb conjugations and pronunciations are also covered.
This document discusses the present perfect tense in English grammar. It defines the present perfect tense as a verb form that expresses a situation or action that began in the past but is still relevant to the present. The structure of the present perfect tense is explained as using the auxiliary verbs have or has along with the past participle of the main verb. Examples are provided to illustrate the active and passive forms of the present perfect tense in positive, negative, and interrogative sentences. An exercise at the end tests forming sentences in the present perfect tense.
The document is a notice about a class trip to a museum. It provides details about the trip including:
- The date of the trip is Wednesday, May 26th.
- The bus will leave the school at 8:30am and students must be on time.
- The visit will last all day, with an expected return to school at 6:30pm.
- At the museum, the history teacher will provide a brief explanation lasting 30 minutes, then guide the group through the museum.
- Students must sign below to indicate they want to attend.
El documento presenta los tiempos presentes de los verbos tener y venir en español. Explica que las formas de tener y venir son irregulares, excepto en las formas de nosotros y vosotros. Proporciona tablas con las formas de los verbos en singular y plural, y ejemplos de expresiones comunes que usan tener. Finalmente, da ejercicios para practicar las formas de los verbos.
This document explains the difference between the simple past and present perfect tenses and provides examples of when to use each. The simple past is used for actions completed in the past, while the present perfect connects past actions to the present. Specific time words like "yesterday" require simple past, while unspecific times like "recently" or "ever" require present perfect. Practice exercises are included to reinforce using the correct tense based on meaning.
This document discusses ways to concisely add information to remarks using "so" and variations. It provides examples of using "so" with different verbs like "to be", "do/does", "did", "was/were", and "will" in both the positive and negative form. It also discusses using "either", "neither" and "nor" with auxiliary verbs to add information while avoiding repetition.
Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) sees language as a meaning making resource that is shaped by its social context. SFG analyzes language based on three metafunctions - ideational (experiential and logical), interpersonal, and textual. It analyzes clauses based on their mood structure and theme. Mood structure looks at the proposition or proposal of a clause based on the relationship between subject and finite. Theme analyzes how messages are structured from known to unknown information based on theme-rheme patterns. SFG also analyzes the representation of experiences through the system of transitivity involving processes, participants, and circumstances.
Este documento presenta las formas irregulares del pretérito de los verbos ser y ir en español. Explica que estas formas deben memorizarse y provee una tabla con las formas completas de cada verbo en singular y plural. Además, incluye ejemplos de uso y un ejercicio para practicar las formas del pretérito de estos verbos.
There are three key components to forming a complete sentence: the subject, verb, and complete thought. For the sentence to make sense, the subject and verb must agree in number - a singular subject requires a singular verb and vice versa. The document then lists 18 specific rules regarding subject-verb agreement in English, such as collective nouns taking a singular or plural verb depending on whether the group or individuals are referred to, indefinite pronouns always being singular, and proximity determining agreement in sentences with multiple subjects.
1. So and such are used to intensify the meaning of adjectives and adverbs. So is used before adjectives and adverbs, while such is used before countable nouns or uncountable nouns/plurals.
2. So and such can also be used in constructions with "that" to express a consequence. For example, "the coffee is so hot that I can't drink it" or "it was such a beautiful day that we decided to go to the beach."
3. When combining sentences using so/such and that, so is used before adjectives/adverbs in the first clause and such is used before countable/uncountable nou
There are three sets of demonstrative adjectives in Spanish that are used to point out nouns based on their relationship to the speaker and listener. Este/esta/estos/estas point to nouns that are close, ese/esa/esos/esas point to nouns that are not close in space or time but may be close to the listener, and aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas point to nouns that are far away from both the speaker and listener. Demonstrative pronouns follow the same patterns as adjectives except with an accent mark. There are also three neuter pronouns esto, eso, and aquello that do not change
This document contains notes from an English grammar class discussing various tenses in English including the present simple, present progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past simple, past progressive, past perfect, and past perfect progressive tenses. Examples of how to form sentences in each tense and the typical uses of each tense are provided.
This document provides information on English tenses. It discusses the three main tenses - present, past and future - and their various forms. For each tense, it explains how they are used and provides examples. The rules for forming sentences in the affirmative, negative and interrogative are also outlined for each tense. In total, 10 different tenses are defined and explained in this comprehensive overview of English verb tenses.
This document discusses tenses in English grammar. It defines what a tense is and lists the three main tenses: present, past, and future. Each tense is further divided into four aspects: indefinite, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. Examples are provided to illustrate how to form sentences using each tense and aspect. The key points covered include how the present, past, and future tenses are used to indicate the time of actions or events.
The document discusses verb tenses in English. It explains that there are three main tenses - present, past and future - which are each divided into four aspects: simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. In total there are 12 verb tenses. The document provides detailed explanations and examples of how to form and use each of the 12 verb tenses in English. It covers topics such as the uses of simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and how to distinguish between the different past and future verb tenses.
This document provides examples and explanations of different English tenses including:
1. Simple Present Tense - Used to express habitual or general truths and includes examples of affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.
2. Present Continuous Tense - Used to express an action happening now and includes examples and explanations.
3. Present Perfect Tense - Used to show the completion of an action and includes examples, explanations and questions.
It then continues explaining and providing examples for other tenses such as Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
The document defines and provides examples of different verb tenses in English, including present, past, and future tenses. It discusses 12 tenses total: present indefinite, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past indefinite, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future indefinite, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. For each tense, it provides the basic syntax structure and examples, as well as how to form negative and interrogative sentences.
The document summarizes a lesson plan for teaching the present simple, near future, and enough structures in English. It includes:
1. Objectives for students to practice the present simple, near future, and enough by the end of the lesson.
2. Procedures for the teacher that include warming up, presenting new material, examples, exercises, and homework.
3. Details on grammar points, examples, forms, and usage of the present simple, near future, and enough.
The document discusses the 16 tenses in English, providing their formulas and examples. It explains the tenses as follows:
1) There are 16 tenses in English, which are commonly referred to as "16 tenses".
2) The tenses describe the time of actions - whether they are habits, ongoing activities, past events, future plans, etc.
3) The tenses discussed include present, present continuous, past, past continuous, simple future, and others; with explanations of their uses and examples for each.
This document outlines different verb tenses and their uses in English sentences. It discusses the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses. For each tense, it provides examples of their typical uses including expressing universal truths, habitual actions, planned future events, ongoing tasks, recently completed actions, and tasks that began in the past and continue in the present. The document serves as a guide for properly applying English verb tenses in sentences.
This document discusses English tenses and their uses. It explains that tenses indicate the time of an action and are divided into present, past, and future. The present tense describes current or habitual actions. The past tense refers to completed actions in the past. The future tense indicates actions that will occur. Each tense has simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms that provide different temporal meanings about an action. Examples are provided to illustrate the structures and uses of each tense.
- The document provides information on the simple present, present continuous, past simple, and present perfect tenses in Vietnamese.
- It discusses the forms, uses, and notable features of each tense such as describing habitual actions, schedules, unfinished past actions, and experiences from the past that continue to the present.
- Examples are given for each use to illustrate when and how to apply the tenses in Vietnamese language. Key points about verb conjugations and pronunciations are also covered.
This document discusses the present perfect tense in English grammar. It defines the present perfect tense as a verb form that expresses a situation or action that began in the past but is still relevant to the present. The structure of the present perfect tense is explained as using the auxiliary verbs have or has along with the past participle of the main verb. Examples are provided to illustrate the active and passive forms of the present perfect tense in positive, negative, and interrogative sentences. An exercise at the end tests forming sentences in the present perfect tense.
The document is a notice about a class trip to a museum. It provides details about the trip including:
- The date of the trip is Wednesday, May 26th.
- The bus will leave the school at 8:30am and students must be on time.
- The visit will last all day, with an expected return to school at 6:30pm.
- At the museum, the history teacher will provide a brief explanation lasting 30 minutes, then guide the group through the museum.
- Students must sign below to indicate they want to attend.
This document provides definitions and examples for the 16 tenses in English. It begins by defining the key aspects used to form tenses, including verb forms (V1, V2, V3, Ving). It then covers each individual tense, providing the formula, examples in positive, negative and question form of how to use that tense. The tenses covered are: present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past simple, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future simple, future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous, past future, past future continuous, past future perfect, and past future perfect continuous.
This document discusses English tenses. It explains that there are three main tenses in English: present, past and future. For each tense, there are four structures: simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous. The document provides examples for how to use each tense structure correctly. It also includes an exercise with multiple choice questions testing understanding of English tenses.
The document discusses various tenses in English grammar:
1. The simple present tense is used to describe habitual or repeated actions, general truths, and instructions. It uses verbs without "s" for third person singular subjects.
2. The present progressive tense describes actions that are ongoing or incomplete at the time of speaking and uses verbs with "-ing". It can also describe near-future plans.
3. The present perfect tense describes actions that began in the past but have relevance to the present, actions that have occurred multiple times, or actions that occurred before a certain time. It uses "have/has + past participle".
1. The document provides information and examples about various past tenses in English including the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous.
2. Examples and explanations are given for how to form and use each tense, including their structures, usages, and how to make negative and question forms.
3. Exercises and links to additional resources are included to help students understand and practice using each past tense form.
This document provides information about verb tenses and their functions in English grammar. It discusses the three main tenses - present, past and future - and explains how they indicate the time of an action. It also describes the functions of tenses beyond time, such as habitual action (present tense), progressive action (present continuous), and preceding action (present perfect). The document provides examples and explanations of each tense and discusses additional uses. It notes some verbs that are non-progressive and cannot be used in the continuous form. Overall, the document serves as a reference for understanding the key concepts of verb tenses and their uses in the English language.
The document provides an overview of grammar topics taught in Unit 1, including the present simple tense, past simple tense, present continuous tense, and future form "be going to". It also introduces new vocabulary words and gives examples. Reading and speaking/listening exercises are outlined involving communication, neighbors, and an informal letter.
Edison had a homemade laboratory as a boy in his father's cellar, where he marked bottles "poison" to keep people away. He later got a job selling newspapers on a train to earn money for chemicals. On the train, Edison started printing his own newspaper and set up an impromptu laboratory, but a chemical fire broke out and angry passengers hit Edison, causing deafness.
B. A. Sem - IV - "Water the Elixir of Life" by C. V. RamanAnil Raut
C.V. Raman discusses the importance of water as the true elixir of life. He uses the example of the Nile River creating fertile land in Egypt while the surrounding desert lacks life. Raman notes how water enhances landscapes, is essential for plants and animals, and its collection and utilization is important for human welfare. Finally, he emphasizes that while water appears common, it has amazing properties that allow it to sustain life, making its study scientifically interesting.
B. A. Sem - IV - "Muhammad Yunus an Economics for Peace" by Farida KhanAnil Raut
Muhammad Yunus pioneered microcredit and microfinance through Grameen Bank, providing small loans to poor people, especially women in Bangladesh. This empowered individuals and communities economically and socially. By addressing poverty, Yunus' work promotes peace between nations. The 2006 Nobel Peace Prize recognized Yunus and Grameen Bank for creating development from below and advancing democracy through microcredit. Their model has been replicated worldwide to alleviate poverty and reduce crime and violence resulting from economic hardship. Yunus believes access to credit is a basic human right and has advocated globally for microfinance as a tool for poverty reduction.
B.A, Sem - IV - "Education Indian and American" by Anurag MathurAnil Raut
The document provides a summary and analysis of the differences between the Indian and American educational systems through exploring Gopal's experiences studying in both countries.
The Indian system focuses on memorization, drilling, and repetition to instill fundamentals, which gave Gopal a strong base but discouraged further experimentation. In contrast, the American system emphasizes analysis and encourages questioning established beliefs, inspiring Gopal to think more critically and logically.
While the Indian system breeds competition and envy between students, the American environment is supportive and collaborative. Gopal received more praise in one month in America than his whole life in India. This positive culture in America has made it a model of excellence compared to the aggressive approach that exists in India.
B. Sc.- Sem - II - "Why is the Sea Blue" by G. VenkataramanAnil Raut
G. Venkataraman is an eminent Indian physicist known for popularizing science. In this essay, he examines C.V. Raman's keen interest in optics and his determined pursuit of science despite obstacles. While traveling by ship from England to India, Raman spent hours observing the blue color of the sea with optical instruments and concluded that light is scattered by water molecules, similarly to air molecules and the sky. This molecular scattering causes the blue color of both the sea and sky. Raman thus made an important discovery about why the sea appears blue.
B. A . Sem - II - "The Eyes Are Not Here" by Ruskin BondAnil Raut
The story describes a chance encounter on a train between a blind man and a blind woman who are unaware that the other is also blind. They have a pleasant conversation where each believes the other can see. At the end, when the woman departs, another passenger reveals to the man that the woman was also blind, highlighting the irony of their interaction.
B. A. Sem - IV - "Hunger " by Jayanta MahapatraAnil Raut
The poem depicts the degraded conditions that people living in poverty endure. A fisherman, in a state of hunger, offers his 15-year old daughter to a stranger in exchange for money or food. In his lean-to hut, the fisherman persuades the man to have sex with his daughter, as he must leave and the daughter is alone. The man hesitates, feeling guilty, but also understands the physical hunger the two endure that drives such an act. The daughter is malnourished but obediently opens herself, showing the dehumanizing effects of prolonged poverty. The poem illustrates how hunger can compromise one's morality and humanity.
This document provides examples and instructions for changing sentences from active to passive voice in three types: assertive, interrogative, and imperative sentences. For assertive sentences, the passive voice follows the structure of object + to be + past participle + by + subject. For interrogative sentences, questions are formed by changing the active voice statement into a passive voice statement and adding a question mark. Imperative sentences are changed to passive voice using "let" or "you are requested to".
B. A. Sem - IV - 'She Walks in Beauty' by Lord ByronAnil Raut
Lord Byron wrote the poem "She Walks in Beauty" in 1814 after being inspired by his cousin at a party. The poem describes a woman of exceptional beauty, both physically and spiritually. Over three stanzas, Byron uses imagery of light and dark to portray how her external good looks are matched by an equally beautiful soul and virtuous character. He emphasizes that true beauty comes from harmony between inner thoughts and outward appearance.
B.A, Sem - IV - Bangle Sellers by Sarojini NaiduAnil Raut
Sarojini Naidu's poem "Bangle Sellers" describes a group of bangle sellers going to a temple fair to sell their wares. The bangle sellers call out descriptions of the bangles they have to suit women in different stages of life. They have delicate silver and blue bangles for young maidens, flower-colored bangles for brides, and purple and gold bangles for mature women who have raised families. The poem uses the bangles to represent the different roles and phases of an Indian woman's life.
B. Sc. Sem - II - Money Madness by D.H. Lawrence Anil Raut
The poem "Money Madness" by D.H. Lawrence criticizes society's obsession with wealth and material possessions. It describes how the pursuit of money has made people collectively mad, isolating them from human qualities like sympathy. The poet suggests that society views a person's worth solely based on their financial status. If someone lacks money, they are treated with contempt and forced to endure humiliation. Lawrence argues that basic needs like food, shelter, and warmth should be universal rights, not privileges reserved for those who can pay. He calls for people to regain sanity regarding money before conflict and violence erupt over it.
B. Sc. Sem - II - Leisure - by W.H. Davies Anil Raut
The poem "Leisure" by William Henry Davies laments that modern life is too busy and full of cares, leaving no time to appreciate the beauty of nature. The poet argues that if life is consumed by worries, it is a poor life indeed. He lists several simple pleasures people have no time for - standing under trees as animals do, watching squirrels hide nuts, seeing streams shine like stars, watching a dancing girl. The major theme is that people should slow down, abandon material concerns, and take time to connect with nature's richness in order to live fully.
News reports follow a standard structure to inform readers of current events. They include a headline that conveys the topic, a dateline with author and location, an introductory paragraph answering who, what, when, where, and how, and a main body with additional details. This document provides examples of each part of a news report, such as using the present tense and active voice in headlines, and containing location, date, and reporter in the dateline. It also gives a sample news report about a bus-truck collision that killed two people, following the typical structure.
B. A. Sem - II - India's Message to the WorldAnil Raut
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- Though grateful to the West, his allegiance remains with his motherland of India, which he believes has so much to offer the world in terms of spirituality.
- India's message to the world, according to Vivekananda, is the spiritualization of humanity through renunciation of worldly desires, a theme that has been central to Indian life and teachings for centuries.
Swami Vivekananda's famous "Chicago Speech" at the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions introduced Hinduism to the world. In his brief but impactful speech, Vivekananda advocated for religious tolerance and universal acceptance of all faiths. He emphasized that Hinduism believes in not only tolerance of all religions, but considers all religions as different paths to the same God or truth. Vivekananda's speech brought him international attention and was influential in spreading awareness of Hindu philosophy's principles of yoga, Vedanta, and religious pluralism to Western audiences.
The document discusses the 12 tenses in English grammar - present, past, and future tenses. It explains the formation and usage of each tense through examples. The key points are:
1) There are 12 tenses in English based on 3 times - present, past, and future. Each tense expresses both time and action.
2) The tenses are formed using different combinations of verbs, auxiliaries, and aspects like continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.
3) Each tense is used to express specific meanings like habits, unfinished past actions, predictions, and continuous actions across time.
The king seeks answers to three philosophical questions from wise men: when is the right time to begin something, which people should he listen to, and what is the most important thing to do. Though he receives many answers, he remains unsatisfied. He visits a wise hermit and helps him with manual labor. That night, a wounded enemy arrives and the king cares for him. The next morning, the hermit explains the answers: the most important time is now, the most important person is the one you are with, and the most important thing is to do good for others. Helping the hermit and enemy were the right actions at the important present moments.
Articles are also known as Demonstrative Adjectives because they are used to point out the nouns.
There are three articles in English language.
A. An, The
A.K. RAMANUJAN (1929-1993) the most well known of Indian English poets .
He made Indian verse in English internationally popular.
He belonged to Mysore in India and taught in many universities in the country and then he migrated to America.
He became a lecture in the University of Chicago in 1962 .
Most of his works breathe Indian culture and tradition.
Ramanujan wrote in both English and Kannada.
His poetry is known for its thematic and formal engagement with modernist transnationalism.
His collections of poems :-
The Striders (1966)
Selected Poems (1976),
Second Sight (1986).
The Collected Poems of A.K. Ramanujan (1995) received a Sahitya Akademi Award after the his death.
Before we begin, here’s a list of the 12 verb tenses in English:
Present Simple
Present Continuous/Progressive
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive
Past Simple
Past Continuous/Progressive
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous/Progressive
Future Simple
Future Perfect
Future Continuous/Progressive
Future Perfect Continuous/Progressive
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
1. Mahatma Gandhi Arts, Science & Late N. P. Commerce College,
Armori, Dist. Gadchiroli
Class :- B. Sc. – I (Sem. – I)
Subject :- Compulsory English
Topic :- Tense
- Prepared By -
Asst. Prof. Anil P. Raut
2. TENSE :-
Verb is considered to be the most important part of speech, in all languages.
It indicates the time and action as well.
Verb is the deciding factor of Tense in a sentence.
Let us examine the sentence given below :
1) I eat a mango.
2) I ate a mango.
3) I shall eat a mango.
The verb provides two important elements to the sentence.
1) Time
2) Action (Meaning)
3. There are three times in all languages.
Present Time
Time Past Time
Future Time
There are five forms of a verb which include three Times.
1) Present Eat V1 Form.
2) Past Ate V2 Form.
3) Past Participle Eaten V3 Form.
4) Present Participle Eating [V1 + ing] Form.
5) Infinitive To eat [To V1] Form.
Tense is a form of a verb which shows both the Time and Action.
4. Each tense has four sub kinds as following.
1) Simple / Indefinite Tense
2) Continuous / Progressive / Imperfect Tense
3) Perfect Tense
4) Perfect Continuous Tense
Thus there are 12 Type of tenses :-
1) Simple Present Tense
2) Present Continuous Tense
3) Present Perfect Tense
4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
5) Simple Past Tense
6) Past Continuous Tense
7) Past Perfect Tense
8) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
9) Simple Future Tense
10) Future Continuous Tense
11) Future Perfect Tense
12) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
5. Now let us study these tenses in details :
(1) Simple Present Tense :-
(The verbal form: Vi)
Simple Present Tense is used in the following cases:
(a) To show the habitual actions.
Examples :-
She wears sarees.
(ii) He drinks coffee every morning.
(iii) I go to school everyday at 10.30 a.m.
(b) To express Universal Truth:
Examples :-
(i) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(ii) Honesty is the best policy,
(iii) Barking dogs seldom bite.
(c) To express fixed actions in future :
Examples :-
(i) The next train is at 5.00 tomorrow morning.
(ii) The movie starts at 10.30 in the afternoon.
6. (d) In exclamatory sentences beginning with here and there, we use simple present
tense to show what is actually taking place in the present :
Examples :-
(i) Here comes Mr. Amol Wasekar!
(ii) There he goes!
(e) To express Quotations :
Examples :-
Shakespeare says, "Brevity is soul of wit".
(f) To express an action going on at present time :
Examples :-
(i) See how the children dance.
(ii) I see her coming.
(g) To express a capability or a Quality :
Examples :-
(i) She is good in Mathematics.
(ii) Mercury is heavier than Iron.
(h) In live commentaries :
Example :-
(i) Yuvraj hits a six.
7. (2) Present Continuous Tense :-
The verbal form: is / am / are + (V + ing)
Present continuous tense is used to express following :
(a) An action which is in progress at the time of speaking :-
Examples :-
(i) Kumar is reading the newspaper.
(ii) I am teaching English grammar.
(b) An action which is fixed in future :-
Examples :-
(i) He is returning on Monday.
(ii) The exams are going to be conducted next month.
(c) We use present continuous tense with adverbs like always, continually,
constantly ete:
Examples :-
(i) The ladies are talking continually in the party.
(ii) The children are shouting constantly in the class.
8. (3) Present Perfect Tense :-
The verbal form : have / has + V3
(a) Present perfect tense is used to express just completed actions :-
Examples :-
(i) I have completed my work.
(ii) Rohit has just left the house.
(b) It is used to express past actions without mentioning the past time or where the time
was not definite :-
Examples :-
(i) My friends have seen all the movies of Harry Potter.
(ii) Abhishek has completed his project work.
(c) It is used to express some actions beginning in the past and continuing :-
Examples :-
(i) Shivam has been ill since last week.
(ii) Ambuj and his friends haven't seen the principal for several months.
Note :- Present Perfect Tense is not used with adverbs of past time like yesterday, day before yesterday etc.
Examples :-
(i) I have seen him yesterday. (Wrong expression)
(ii) I saw him yesterday. (Correct expression)
This is because we should use only simple past tense with adverbs of past time.
9. (4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense :-
The verbal form : have / has + been + (V1ing)
Present perfect continuous tense is used in the following cases :-
a) To express an action beginning in the past, at present it is in progress
and in future it would continue for a while :-
Example :-
(i) Vijay Shaha has been designing a software since 9.00 a.m.
9.00 am Still in progress
X
X
Present Time Future
of Speaking
At 9.00 am the work started, at the time of speaking Vijay Shaha is still working
and we don't know when he completes his work, which means the action is
incomplete.
(ii) Radha has been studying the book since 8.00 a.m.
(iii) The students have been preparing for the examinations for two weeks.
X
X
10. A note on the correct use of for and since :-
For is used for period of time :-
Examples :-
(i) For six days
(ii) For a long time.
Since is used to indicate point of time :-
Examples :-
(i) Since 6.00 p.m.
(ii) Since 12.00 noon.
Since is always used with a perfect tense.
11. (5) Simple Past Tense :-
The verbal form : V2 form
The simple past tense is used in the following cases :-
(a) To express the actions that happened in the past. Generally adverbs like
yesterday, ago, last year etc. are used with the simple past :-
Examples :-
(i) I finished my work last night.
(ii) She completed her B. E. last year.
(iii) My friend received his document yesterday.
(b) It is used to express a habitual action in the past :-
Examples :-
(i) Aparna studied many hours everyday when she was a student.
(ii) Anish always carried an umbrella with him.
(iii) Nitya used to dance when she was studying class - I.
(c) It is used in conditional clauses (Past time) :-
Examples :-
(i) I stayed at home until my friend came.
(ii) You would have enough money if you sold the house.
(iii) I could not leave the college before the principal arrived.
12. (6) Past Continuous Tense :-
The verbal form : Was / Were + (V1 + ing)
Past continuous tense is used in the following cases :-
(a) To express a continuous action in the past :-
Examples :-
(i) They were listening to the music all evening.
(ii) When I was crossing the road, I saw a snake.
(iii) The students were attending the personal interview.
(b) To express an action in progress when another action took place :-
Examples :-
(i) When I was watching the T.V., somebody rang the calling bell.
(ii) It was raining when I was saw him.
(iii) While Vaishali was sleeping in the room, her daughter shouted loudly.
13. (c) To express some definite actions in the past :-
Examples :-
(i) Dr. Santosh was motivating the members of his organization in the yesterday's
meeting.
(ii) Narendra Modi was inspiring the people of Wardha with his speech yesterday.
(d) To express a gradual development of action in the past :-
Examples :-
(i) It was getting darker.
(ii) The solution was turning into semiliquid form.
(iii) The winds were blowing very fast.
(e) To express a continuous action in the past which started before a point of
time and may be continued after it :-
Examples :-
(i) At 1.30 am, I was still studying Physics.
(ii) Kumar was having his lunch at 2.00 pm.
(iii) Rekha was working on the project even on Sunday.
14. (7) Past Perfect Tense :-
The verbal Form : Had + V3 form
Past Perfect Tense is used in the following cases :-
(a) To show that one action in the past took place before another action began :-
Examples :-
(i) When I reached station, the train had already left the platform.
(ii) When I entered the class, the teacher had already started the lesson.
(iii) The workers went home when they had finished their work.
(b) To express a past unfulfilled wish or desire, we use past perfect tense, with
if only, wish, would, sooner etc :-
Examples :-
(i) I wish I had passed the examination (but I didn't pass).
(ii) Shivam could have solved the problem, if he had been asked.
15. (8) Past Perfect Continuous Tense :-
The verbal form : Had + been + (V1 + ing)
The Past perfect continuous tense is used in the following cases :-
(a) To express an action that began in the past and continued through a period
of time, until some given past time or past action :-
Examples :-
(i) Sai Kumar had been working on this project for two days.
(ii) When I saw him, he had been waiting for his friend,
(iii) Mr. Zeeshan had already been teaching in that college for 3 years.
16. (9) Simple Future Tense :-
The verbal form : Will / Shall + V1 form
Simple future tense is used in the following cases :-
(a) To express action that would take place in future, which we cannot control :-
Examples :-
(i) We shall invite Mr. Modi to our college tomorrow morning.
(ii) We shall have our university examinations after the elections.
(iii) Rama will be 25 next month.
(b) To express predictions, doubts or conditions :-
Examples :-
(i) Where shall I be next month, I wonder!
(ii) Perhaps my brother will come tomorrow.
(iii) If I meet him, I will give this letter to him.
(c) To express formal announcements of future :-
Examples :-
(i) The minister will attend the inaugural function of the new school tomorrow.
(ii) The Chief Minister of Maharashtra will meet the opposition members soon.
17. Note :- Future time can be expressed with the help of some other verbs.
(1) We can use the going to form for future expressions which are already
decided or certain to happen :-
The verbal form : is / am / are + going + to +V1 form
Examples :-
(i) I am going to become a teacher.
(ii) The students are going to invite the Principal for the party.
(iii) Asif Khan is going to be awarded as the best student of the year.
(iv) It is going to rain today.
(v) Sachin Tendulkar is going to take the retirement.
(2) About to can also be used for immediate future :-
The Verbal form : is / am / are + about + to + V1 form
Examples :-
(i) They are about to leave the country.
(ii) My mother is about to serve lunch.
(iii) I am about to finish this work.
18. (10) Future Continuous Tense :-
The verbal form : Will / Shall + be + (V1 + ing)
Future continuous tense is used to express a continuous action in future time.
Examples :-
(i) I will be writing to Mr. Prashant my plans.
(ii) It will be raining when we leave home.
(iii) She will be staying here still Monday.
(iv) You shall be meeting the members of the Board next week.
(11) Future Perfect Tenses :-
The verbal form : Will / Shall + have + V3 form
Future Perfect Tense is used to express the actions, which would be
completed before a certain time in future.
Examples :-
(i) I shall have completed my Ph.D. by the end of 2025.
(ii) Vahid will have read this book by the next week.
(iii) Gopal will have left before we reach home.
19. (12) Future Perfect Continuous Tense :-
The verbal form : Will / Shall + have + been + (V1 + ing)
The future perfect continuous tense is used to express those actions that
continue through a given period of time in future.
Examples :
(i) At tomorrow morning, I shall have been sleeping as tomorrow is a holiday.
(ii) By the end of May 2021, Anirudh and his friends will have been presenting
their project work in the United States of America.